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International Wound Journal Aug 2021Effective cleaning of a wound promotes wound healing and favours wound care as it can prevent and control biofilms. The presence of biofilm is associated with prolonged...
Fatty acid potassium improves human dermal fibroblast viability and cytotoxicity, accelerating human epidermal keratinocyte wound healing in vitro and in human chronic wounds.
Effective cleaning of a wound promotes wound healing and favours wound care as it can prevent and control biofilms. The presence of biofilm is associated with prolonged wound healing, increased wound propensity to infection, and delayed wound closure. Anionic potassium salts of fatty acids are tested with commonly used anionic surfactants, such as sodium laureth sulphate (SLES) and sodium lauryl sulphate/sodium dodecyl sulphate (SLS/SDS). The normal human dermal cells demonstrated significantly greater viability in fatty acid potassium, including caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2), than in SLES or SLS after a 24-hour incubation. Cytotoxicity by LDH assay in a 5-minute culture in fatty acid potassium was significantly lower than in SLES or SLS. in vitro wound healing of human epidermal keratinocytes during the scratch assay in 24-hour culture was more significantly improved by fatty acid treatment than by SLES or SLS/SDS. In a live/dead assay of human epidermal keratinocytes, C8K and C18:1K demonstrated only green fluorescence, indicating live cells, whereas synthetic surfactants, SLES and SLS, demonstrated red fluorescence on staining with propidium iodide, indicating dead cells after SLES and SLS/SDS treatment. Potassium salts of fatty acids are useful wound cleaning detergents that do not interfere with wound healing, as observed in the scratch assay using human epidermal keratinocytes. As potassium salts of fatty acids are major components of natural soap, which are produced by natural oil and caustic potash using a saponification method, this may be clinically important in wound and peri-wound skin cleaning. In human chronic wounds, natural soap containing fatty acid potassium increased tissue blood flow based on laser speckle flowgraphs after 2 weeks (P < .05), in addition to removing the eschars and debris. Wound cleansing by natural soap of fatty acid potassium is beneficial for wound healing.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Fibroblasts; Humans; Keratinocytes; Potassium; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33433959
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13547 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2021New porphyrin-pyrrolidine/pyrroline conjugates were prepared by revisiting 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between a porphyrinic azomethine ylide and a series of...
New porphyrin-pyrrolidine/pyrroline conjugates were prepared by revisiting 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between a porphyrinic azomethine ylide and a series of dipolarophiles. Cationic conjugates obtained by alkylation of the pyrrolidine/pyrroline cycloadducts showed ability to generate singlet oxygen and to produce iodine in presence of KI when irradiated with visible light. Some of the cationic derivatives showed photobactericidal properties towards a Gram-negative bioluminescent . In all cases, these features were significantly improved using KI as coadjutant, allowing, under the tested conditions, the photoinactivation of the bacterium until the detection limit of the method with a drastic reduction of the required photosensitizer concentration and irradiation time. The obtained results showed a high correlation between the ability of the cationic porphyrin derivative to produce singlet oxygen and iodine and its photoinactivation profile.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Pyrroles; Singlet Oxygen
PubMed: 33477299
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020464 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021Production of functional food with high levels of selenium (Se) and iodine (I) obtained via plant biofortification shows significant difficulties due to the complex...
Production of functional food with high levels of selenium (Se) and iodine (I) obtained via plant biofortification shows significant difficulties due to the complex interaction between the two elements. Taking into account the known beneficial effect of silicon (Si) on plant growth and development, single and joint foliar biofortification of chervil plants with potassium iodide (150 mg L) and sodium selenate (10 mg L) was carried out in a pot experiment with and without Si nanoparticles foliar supplementation. Compared to control plants, nano-Si (14 mg L) increased shoot biomass in all treatments: by 4.8 times with Si; by 2.8 times with I + Si; by 5.6 times with Se + Si; by 4.0 times with I + Se + Si. The correspondent increases in root biomass were 4.5, 8.7, 13.3 and 10.0 times, respectively. The growth stimulation effect of Se, I and I + Se treatments resulted in a 2.7, 3.5 and 3.6 times increase for chervil shoots and 1.6, 3.1 and 8.6 times for roots, respectively. Nano-Si improved I biofortification levels by twice, while I and Se enhanced the plant content of each other. All treatments decreased nitrate levels, compared to control, and increased the photopigment accumulation. Improvement of total antioxidant activity and phenolic content was recorded only under the joint application of Se + I + Si. Foliar nano-Si treatment affected other element content in plants: decreased Na accumulation in single and joint supplementation with Se and I, restored Fe, Mn and Cr amount compared to the decreased levels recorded in separately Se and I fortified plants and promoted Al accumulation both with or without Se and I biofortification. The results of this research suggest high prospects of foliar nano-Si supply for enhancing both growth and joint I/Se biofortification of chervil.
PubMed: 34834890
DOI: 10.3390/plants10112528 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2022This study researched the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in sulfamethazine (SMZ) chlorination after preoxidation by KFeO and O and the influence of...
This study researched the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in sulfamethazine (SMZ) chlorination after preoxidation by KFeO and O and the influence of preoxidation on cytotoxicity and biological toxicity. Then, the study emphatically analyzed the influencing factors such as NaClO dosage, pH value, reaction temperature, fulvic acid (FA), and bromide and iodide ions. The results showed that preoxidation by KFeO effectively inhibited the formation of DBPs of haloketones (HKS) and trihalomethanes (THMs), with an average inhibition rate of over 60%. The formation of DBPs after preoxidation by O was higher than that by KFeO; preoxidation by KFeO reduced the influence of NaClO dosage, temperature, and pH value on the production of DBPs after SMZ chlorination. The cytotoxicity and biological toxicity of SMZ chlorination after preoxidation were evaluated and compared by calculating the LC value of DBPs and the luminescent bacteria method. The results of both calculation methods showed that the toxicity of DBPs after preoxidation by KFeO was lower than that by O preoxidation. KFeO and O preoxidation improved the SMZ removal efficiency by 8.41 and 10.49%, respectively, and inhibited the formation of most DBPs, but the preoxidation promoted the formation of highly toxic DBPs (HANs). The toxicity of DBPs formed in SMZ chlorination after preoxidation by KFeO and O was slightly higher than that of chlorination disinfection alone, but it was still within the safe range. This study provides more new details about the formation and toxicity changes of DBPs in the process of SMZ chlorination after preoxidation.
PubMed: 36059877
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.904867 -
Annals of Nuclear Medicine Jun 2022Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) labeled with radioisotopes can be used for diagnostics I) and treatment (I) in patients with neuroblastic tumors. Thyroid dysfunction has...
BACKGROUND
Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) labeled with radioisotopes can be used for diagnostics I) and treatment (I) in patients with neuroblastic tumors. Thyroid dysfunction has been reported in 52% of neuroblastoma (NBL) survivors after I-MIBG, despite thyroid protection. Diagnostic I-MIBG is not considered to be hazardous for thyroid function; however, this has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in survivors of a neuroblastic tumor who received diagnostic I-MIBG only.
METHODS
Thyroid function and uptake of I in the thyroid gland after I-MIBG administrations were evaluated in 48 neuroblastic tumor survivors who had not been treated with I-MIBG. All patients had received thyroid prophylaxis consisting of potassium iodide or a combination of potassium iodide, thiamazole and thyroxine during exposure to I-MIBG.
RESULTS
After a median follow-up of 6.6 years, thyroid function was normal in 46 of 48 survivors (95.8%). Two survivors [prevalence 4.2% (95% CI 1.2-14.0)] had mild thyroid dysfunction. In 29.2% of the patients and 11.1% of images I uptake was visible in the thyroid. In 1 patient with thyroid dysfunction, weak uptake of I was seen on 1 of 10 images.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction does not seem to be increased in patients with neuroblastic tumors who received I-MIBG combined with thyroid protection. Randomized controlled trials are required to investigate whether administration of I-MIBG without thyroid protection is harmful to the thyroid gland.
Topics: 3-Iodobenzylguanidine; Child; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neuroblastoma; Potassium Iodide; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 35499668
DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01743-7 -
Endocrine Journal May 2023The effect of potassium iodide (KI) on radioiodine uptake (RAIU) before radioisotope therapy in Graves' disease (GD) patients was investigated. A total of 82 patients...
The effect of potassium iodide (KI) on radioiodine uptake (RAIU) before radioisotope therapy in Graves' disease (GD) patients was investigated. A total of 82 patients who had been treated with KI monotherapy before 24-hour RAIU (24 h RAIU) were evaluated and 354 of those who had been treated with thiamazole (MMI) monotherapy were extracted from the 1,130 GD patients who were identified as having had appropriate iodine restriction based on urinary iodine excretion. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) <200 μg/day was confirmed in all subjects. Propensity score-matching was performed to identify the difference in 24 h RAIU between the KI group and the MMI group. In addition, multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate related to 24 h RAIU. Propensity score-matching resulted in 57 matched patients in each group. After matching, 24 h RAIU was still significantly lower in the KI group than in the MMI group (median 53% (interquartile range 47-61%) vs. 63% (56-66%); p = 0.001). In addition, KI monotherapy was weakly negatively correlated with 24 h RAIU, whereas the female sex and FT3 were very weakly positively correlated on multiple regression analysis. The results suggest that KI monotherapy likely suppressed 24 h RAIU more than MMI monotherapy in GD patients with appropriate iodine restriction, given the difference in the mechanism of hormone suppression.
Topics: Humans; Female; Potassium Iodide; Iodine Radioisotopes; Graves Disease; Iodine; Methimazole
PubMed: 36843112
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ22-0505 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Oct 2020Potassium iodide (KI), initially derived from seaweed in the early 19th century, is used for treating sporotrichosis in dermatological practice. KI has also been used to...
Potassium iodide (KI), initially derived from seaweed in the early 19th century, is used for treating sporotrichosis in dermatological practice. KI has also been used to treat several noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the improvement in such skin diseases remain unknown, and KI is not used widely. Thus, although KI is an old drug, physicians may not prescribe it frequently because they lack knowledge about it. Although KI is very inexpensive and causes few side effects, it has been superseded by new powerful and expensive drugs, such as biological agents. We applied 3% KI topically to areas of inflammation induced by SDS in mice. The levels of IL-1 and TNF-α gene expression were reduced, whereas that of IL-10 gene expression was increased. Small interfering RNA that was designed to reduce IL-10 gene expression levels was injected into the same mice, and the anti-inflammatory effects of KI were not observed. Thus, the pharmacologic action of KI is based on its anti-inflammatory effects caused by the increase in IL-10 levels. This information would increase dermatologists' awareness of KI as an efficacious and cost-effective treatment.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Dermatitis; Female; Interleukin-10; Interleukins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Potassium Iodide; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
PubMed: 32109455
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.028 -
Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 2021Entomophthoramycosis is a rare fungal infection of nose, paranasal sinuses and subcutaneous tissues found in tropical and subtropical region. From India very few cases...
Entomophthoramycosis is a rare fungal infection of nose, paranasal sinuses and subcutaneous tissues found in tropical and subtropical region. From India very few cases have been reported. Here we report a case of Entomophthoramycosis due to Conidiobolus coronatus from the eastern India who presented with slowly growing rhinofacial swelling and right sided nasal obstruction due to intranasal mass. The case was diagnosed by typical histopathological findings of broad aseptate hyphae with surrounding eosinophilic granular material (Splendore Hoeppli phenomenon) on microscopy of nasal biopsy material and confirmed by PCR assay of DNA and sequencing from biopsy tissue. Treatment with saturated solution of potassium iodide and itraconazole was successful and clinical cure was attained in 8 months.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Biopsy; Face; Humans; India; Zygomycosis
PubMed: 35034927
DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01095 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022The orphan but highly virulent pathogen causes pythiosis in humans and animals. Surgery is a primary treatment aiming to cure but trading off losing affected organs....
The orphan but highly virulent pathogen causes pythiosis in humans and animals. Surgery is a primary treatment aiming to cure but trading off losing affected organs. Antimicrobial drugs show limited efficacy in treating pythiosis. Alternative drugs effective against the pathogen are needed. In-house drug susceptibility tests (i.e., broth dilution, disc diffusion, and radial growth assays) have been established, some of which adapted the standard protocols (i.e., CLSI M38-A2 and CLSI M51) designed for fungi. Hyphal plug, hyphal suspension, and zoospore are inocula commonly used in the drug susceptibility assessment for . A side-by-side comparison demonstrated that each method had advantages and limitations. Minimum inhibitory and cidal concentrations of a drug varied depending on the selected method. Material availability, user experience, and organism and drug quantities determined which susceptibility assay should be used. We employed the hyphal plug and a combination of broth dilution and radial growth methods to screen and validate the anti- activities of several previously reported chemicals, including potassium iodide, triamcinolone acetonide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethanol, in which data on their anti- efficacy are limited. We tested each chemical against 29 genetically diverse isolates of . These chemicals possessed direct antimicrobial effects on the growth of the pathogen in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting their potential application in pythiosis treatment. Future attempts should focus on standardizing these drug susceptibility methods, such as determining susceptibility/resistant breakpoints, so healthcare workers can confidently interpret a result and select an effective drug against .
PubMed: 36354883
DOI: 10.3390/jof8111116 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Jan 2022Potassium iodide (KI) is used for reducing the degree of black staining occurred after silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application. However, the optimal KI concentration...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Potassium iodide (KI) is used for reducing the degree of black staining occurred after silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application. However, the optimal KI concentration remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the optimal concentration of KI that effectively reduces black staining after SDF application.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty-four extracted teeth with similar pattern of carious lesions were assigned into 6 groups as follows: 1) SDF only, 2) SDF+7.5%KI, 3) SDF+10%KI, 4) SDF+15%KI, 5) SDF+20%KI, and 6) SDF+saturated KI. The KI solution was applied immediately after SDF application. Tooth images were obtained for color measurement at different time points as followed; before SDF application, immediately after SDF application, immediately after KI application, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after SDF+KI application. The photographs were analyzed for mean gray value using the ImageJ program.
RESULTS
The KI groups demonstrated a dose-dependent significant immediate reduction in black staining after KI application, except the saturated KI group. The teeth in the 20% KI group had the highest Δ mean gray value compared with other groups immediately after KI application, whereas a reduction in black staining in the saturated KI group appeared 1 day after KI application. The Δ mean gray value in all groups decreased over time. After 7 and 14 days, the reduction in black staining was not clearly different between KI groups.
CONCLUSION
KI application was able to reduce the degree of black staining in a dose-dependent manner, but the subsequent color change was minimal over the period of 14 days.
PubMed: 35028051
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.03.014