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Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major concern worldwide. To evaluate the AMR of in aquaculture farms of Zhanjiang, China, a total of 90 samples from the...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major concern worldwide. To evaluate the AMR of in aquaculture farms of Zhanjiang, China, a total of 90 samples from the water, soil, and sediment of three aquaculture farms (farms I, II, and III) in Zhanjiang were collected, and 90 strains of were isolated for drug resistance analysis and AMR gene detection. The results indicated that the isolated 90 strains of have high resistance rates to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, compound sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and rifampin (≥70%). Among these antimicrobial drugs, the resistance rate to rifampicin is as high as 100%. Among the isolated 90 strains of , all of them were resistant to more than two kinds of antimicrobial drugs, the number of strains resistant to nine kinds of drugs was the largest (19 strains), and the most resistant strain showed resistance to 16 kinds of antibacterial drugs. Regarding the AMR genes, among the three aquaculture farms, the most resistance genes were detected in farm II (28 species). The detection rate of , , , , and in 90 isolates of was high (≥50%). The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant genes, such as , , and , was relatively lower ( ≤ 30%), and the detection rate of was the lowest (0). At least four AMR genes were detected for each strain, and 15 AMR genes were detected at most. Among them, the number of strains that carried 10 AMR genes was the largest (15 strains). Finally, a correlation analysis found that the AMR genes including , , , and had a high correlation rate with drug resistance (≥50%). To summarize, the 90 strains of isolated from water, surrounding soil, and sediment samples showed resistance to multi-antimicrobial drugs and carried various antimicrobial resistance genes. Thus, it is essential to strengthen the rational use of antimicrobial drugs, especially the amide alcohol drugs, and control the AMR in the aquaculture industry of Zhanjiang, China.
PubMed: 35004933
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.806653 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Aug 2022This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of fecal Escherichia coli isolates from beef cattle (n = 150) at entry and exit from an Australian...
This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of fecal Escherichia coli isolates from beef cattle (n = 150) at entry and exit from an Australian feedlot. Sample plating on MacConkey agar and Brilliance ESBL agar differentiated generic from extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, respectively. Resistance profiles were determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing and further analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). At entry, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was very low (0.7%, each). At the exit, the resistance prevalence was moderate to tetracycline (17.8%) and low to ampicillin (5.4%), streptomycin (4.7%), and sulfisoxazole (3.9%). The most common AMR genes observed in phenotypically resistant isolates were tet(B) (43.2%), aph(3″)-Ib and aph(6)-Id (32.4%), blaTEM-1B, and sul2 (24.3%, each), which are responsible for resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, and sulfonamides, respectively. The ESBL-producing E. coli were recovered from one sample (0.7%) obtained at entry and six samples (4.0%) at the exit. The ESBL-producing E. coli harbored blaTEM (29.7%), blaCTX m(13.5%), and blaCMY (5.4%). The resistance phenotypes were highly correlated with resistance genotypes (r ≥ 0.85: p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that E. coli isolated from feedlot beef cattle can harbour AMR genes, but the low incidence of medically important resistance reflected the prudent antimicrobial use in the Australian industry.
PubMed: 36077976
DOI: 10.3390/ani12172256 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Laccases are multicopper oxidases (MCOs) with a broad application spectrum, particularly in second-generation ethanol biotechnology and the bioremediation of xenobiotics...
Laccases are multicopper oxidases (MCOs) with a broad application spectrum, particularly in second-generation ethanol biotechnology and the bioremediation of xenobiotics and other highly recalcitrant compounds. Synthetic pesticides are xenobiotics with long environmental persistence, and the search for their effective bioremediation has mobilized the scientific community. Antibiotics, in turn, can pose severe risks for the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, as their frequent use for medical and veterinary purposes can generate constant selective pressure on the microbiota of urban and agricultural effluents. In the search for more efficient industrial processes, some bacterial laccases stand out for their tolerance to extreme physicochemical conditions and their fast generation cycles. Accordingly, to expand the range of effective approaches for the bioremediation of environmentally important compounds, the prospection of bacterial laccases was carried out from a custom genomic database. The best hit found in the genome of sp. CB10, a Bacteroidetes isolate obtained from a biomass-degrading bacterial consortium, was subjected to in silico prediction, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation analyses. The putative laccase CB10_180.4889 (Lac_CB10), composed of 728 amino acids, with theoretical molecular mass values of approximately 84 kDa and a pI of 6.51, was predicted to be a new CopA with three cupredoxin domains and four conserved motifs linking MCOs to copper sites that assist in catalytic reactions. Molecular docking studies revealed that Lac_CB10 had a high affinity for the molecules evaluated, and the affinity profiles with multiple catalytic pockets predicted the following order of decreasing thermodynamically favorable values: tetracycline (-8 kcal/mol) > ABTS (-6.9 kcal/mol) > sulfisoxazole (-6.7 kcal/mol) > benzidine (-6.4 kcal/mol) > trimethoprim (-6.1 kcal/mol) > 2,4-dichlorophenol (-5.9 kcal/mol) mol. Finally, the molecular dynamics analysis suggests that Lac_CB10 is more likely to be effective against sulfisoxazole-like compounds, as the sulfisoxazole-Lac_CB10 complex exhibited RMSD values lower than 0.2 nm, and sulfisoxazole remained bound to the binding site for the entire 100 ns evaluation period. These findings corroborate that LacCB10 has a high potential for the bioremediation of this molecule.
Topics: Laccase; Molecular Docking Simulation; Bacteroidetes; Biodegradation, Environmental; Sulfisoxazole; Xenobiotics; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Bacteria
PubMed: 37372934
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129785 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jun 2022Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, yet tools for detecting resistance patterns are limited and require advanced molecular methods....
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, yet tools for detecting resistance patterns are limited and require advanced molecular methods. Metabolomic approaches produce metabolite profiles and help provide scientific evidence of differences in metabolite expressions between Typhimurium from various hosts. This research aimed to evaluate the metabolomic profiles of Typhimurium associated with AMR and it compares profiles across various hosts. Three samples, each from bovine, porcine, and humans (total = 9), were selectively chosen from an existing library to compare these nine isolates cultured under no drug exposure to the same isolates cultured in the presence of the antimicrobial drug panel ACSSuT (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline). This was followed by metabolomic profiling using UPLC and GC-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that the metabolite regulation was affected by antibiotic exposure, irrespective of the host species. When exposed to antibiotics, 59.69% and 40.31% of metabolites had increased and decreased expressions, respectively. The most significantly regulated metabolic pathway was aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, which demonstrated increased expressions of serine, aspartate, alanine, and citric acid. Metabolites that showed decreased expressions included glutamate and pyruvate. This pathway and associated metabolites have known AMR associations and could be targeted for new drug discoveries and diagnostic methods.
PubMed: 35739855
DOI: 10.3390/ani12121518 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2021Human infection by ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky sequence type 198 (ST198) has been reported in the USA, Europe and Korea. In this study,...
OBJECTIVES
Human infection by ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky sequence type 198 (ST198) has been reported in the USA, Europe and Korea. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of the first Salmonella Kentucky ST198 strain isolated from a chicken carcass in South Korea.
METHODS
The recovered Salmonella Kentucky, designated as K13SK002, was isolated from a chicken carcass in 2013. Genomic DNA was sequenced using a combination of 20-kb PacBio SMRTbell library and PacBio RS II. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were investigated in silico using ResFinder and VirulenceFinder tools, respectively, available at the Center for Genomic Epidemiology server.
RESULTS
The genome of K13SK002 consists of contiguous sequences (contigs) with a total length of 4 847 849 bp and a GC content of 52.20%. We detected a total of 4352 protein-coding sequences, 85 tRNA genes and 22 rRNA genes. MICs for ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline were 64, 16, 16, 64, >256 and 128 μg/mL, respectively. We found six antimicrobial resistance genes, however no plasmids and genes associated with adherence, toxins and exoenzyme were found. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Kentucky K13SK002 was found to have mutations in DNA gyrase A (S83F and D87Y).
CONCLUSION
This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of a Salmonella Kentucky ST198 strain isolated from a chicken carcass in South Korea. This genome sequence provides useful information on the genomic features associated with virulence and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Kentucky ST198.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Europe; Humans; Kentucky; Republic of Korea; Salmonella
PubMed: 33545420
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.01.011 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022is considered an opportunistic pathogen and an indicator for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring. Despite many reports on its AMR monitoring, studies based on...
is considered an opportunistic pathogen and an indicator for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring. Despite many reports on its AMR monitoring, studies based on genome-based analysis of AMR genes are still insufficient. Here, 181 strains were isolated from anal swab samples collected from pigs and chickens of animal farms located in Eastern China and sequenced through the Illumina platform. The results showed that 87.85% (159/181) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Ampicillin (AMP)- spectinomycin (SPT)- tetracycline (TET)- florfenicol (FFC)- sulfisoxazole (SF)- trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) was the predominant AMR pattern. By whole-genome sequencing, we found that ST10 (10.49%, 19/181) and ST48 (7.18%, 13/181) were major sequence types. IncFIB and IncX1 were the most prevalent plasmid replicons. The AMR genes (1.10%, 2/181), -1 (1.10%, 2/181), (X4) (1.10%, 2/181), and (6.08%, 2/181) were also found in these isolates. In addition, among the 169 virulence genes detected, we identified A (37.02%, 67/181), A (1.66%, 3/181), B (1.66%, 3/181) and D (1.66%, 3/181), which were closely related to heat-stable enterotoxin 1 and α-hemolysin. In addition, there were 33 virulence genes associated with the iron uptake system, and 46 were adhesion-related genes. Our study highlighted the need for routine surveillance of AMR with advanced genomic approaches, providing up-to-date data on the prevalence of AMR for the development and execution of antimicrobial stewardship policy.
PubMed: 36353453
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1018682 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Oct 2023This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica profiles from three sampling sources cecal contents, HACCP (during processing), and retail...
Comparing individual antimicrobial resistant and multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica across serotypes, sampling sources, sampling periods, and food animal types in the United States (2014-2018).
This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica profiles from three sampling sources cecal contents, HACCP (during processing), and retail meat using phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility and serotype data gathered from 2014 and 2018. Antimicrobial resistance data for 29 major Salmonella serotypes from three sampling sources and associated food animal types (cattle, swine, chicken, and turkey) were obtained from the database of the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we compared individual and multi-drug resistance (MDR) in Salmonella enterica between the three sampling sources, food animal types, sampling period, and Salmonella serotypes. Across the three sources and throughout the sampling period, the recovery of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica - including MDR, MDR-AmpC, and ACSSuT - among food animal types were dependent on the sampling period and, in some cases, sampling sources and period for the selected antimicrobials. The predicted probability of antimicrobial resistance was greater in Salmonella serotypes from turkey compared to other food animal types, conditional on sampling sources. Ceftriaxone-resistant (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.69-0.99), and Sulfisoxazole-resistant (OR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.98) Salmonella serotypes were less likely to be recovered from the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) sources than with the cecal sources. Except for Salmonella serotypes Dublin and Newport, most of the Salmonella serotypes were less likely to be resistant to the selected antimicrobials, or found as MDR, compared to serotype Typhimurium. This study offers an integrated view on the predicted probability of MDR Salmonella serotypes, as well as insights into which serotypes are persistent, emerging or declining across sampling sources and food animal types in the United States.
PubMed: 37651892
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106008 -
Heliyon Aug 2020The present study is aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of three series of hydroxytriazenes based on sulfa drugs viz;...
The present study is aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of three series of hydroxytriazenes based on sulfa drugs viz; Sulphathiazole (ST), Sulfisoxazole (SF) and Sulphamethoxazole (SM). Antidiabetic activities of the synthesized hydroxytriazenes were investigated by α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition method and IC values were recorded. The compounds presented significant α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition effect with IC values ranging from 122 to 341 μg/mL. Anti-inflammatory activity was also investigated by carrageenan-induced paw edema (CPE) method, where % inhibition was up to 89% after 4 h of treatment and antioxidant properties of the similar compounds were assessed by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Antioxidant capacity of all the hydroxytriazenes detected by ABTS assay, was significantly higher as compared to DPPH assay. The hydroxytriazenes having highest antioxidant capacity presented IC values for compound ST-1 and ST-6 are 488 μg/mL for DPPH, 54.12 μg/mL for ABTS and 858.5 μg/mL for DPPH, 48.0 μg/mL for ABTS, respectively. These results suggested that ABTS assay may be more useful than DPPH assay for synthetic antioxidants. The findings from the molecular docking experiments may also expand the formation of new potent sulpha drugs based hydroxytriazenes targeting towards the subunit of C-terminal of human maltase-glucoamylase for the treatment of diabetes metabolic disorder. Overall, highlight the multifunctional role of hydroxytriazenes as antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.
PubMed: 32913908
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04787 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Salmonella is estimated to cause over a million infections and ~400 deaths annually in the U.S. Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana strains (n = 409) that predominantly...
Salmonella is estimated to cause over a million infections and ~400 deaths annually in the U.S. Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana strains (n = 409) that predominantly originated from the State of Arkansas over a six-year period (2003 to 2008) were studied. This period coincided with a rapid rise in the incidence of S. Javiana infections in the U.S. Children under the age of 10 displayed the highest prevalence of S. Javiana infections, regardless of sex or year of detection. Antimicrobial susceptibility to 15 different antimicrobials was assessed and 92% (n = 375) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials. Approximately 89% of the isolates were resistant to sulfisoxazole alone and 3% (n = 11) were resistant to different antimicrobials, including gentamicin, ciprofloxacin or ceftiofur. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses assessed the genotypic diversity and distribution of S. Javiana strains using XbaI restriction. Nine major clusters were identified and isolates from each group were digested with the restriction enzyme AvrII. Isolates with identical profiles of XbaI and AvrII were found to be disseminated in human populations. These distinct “types” of S. Javiana were persistent in human populations for multiple years. A subset of isolates (n = 19) with unique resistance phenotypes underwent plasmid and incompatibility (Inc) type analyses and the isolates resistant to more than one antimicrobial harbored multiple plasmids (<3 to 165 kb). Furthermore, these strains possessed 14 virulence genes, including pagC, cdtB, and iroN. The whole genome sequences (WGS) of 18 isolates that mostly originated from Arkansas from 2003 to 2011 were compared with isolates collected from different areas in the U.S. in 1999, indicating the perseverance of S. Javiana in disseminating antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.
PubMed: 36297250
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101192 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Apr 2023Several studies have investigated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized horses, but studies conducted on...
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from equids sampled in the NAHMS 2015-16 equine study and association of management factors with resistance.
Several studies have investigated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized horses, but studies conducted on community-based populations of equids are limited. The factors associated with AMR in these bacteria in the general horse population are not well understood. The primary objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella and describe antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella and E. coli from equids across the United States. The second objective was to identify associations between health management and biosecurity practices and AMR. Fecal samples submitted from 1357 equids on 199 operations were tested for Salmonella, identifying 27 positive samples with 29 isolates belonging to 18 serotypes. Fecal sample and operation-level prevalence of Salmonella was 2.0% (27/1357) and 7.0% (14/199), respectively. Most (25/29) isolates were pan-susceptible while four isolates exhibited resistance, three of which were multidrug resistant. Of the 721 samples cultured for E. coli, 85% (613/721) were positive. Eighty-six percent of the E. coli isolates recovered were pan-susceptible (529/612). Ten isolates were intermediate to one antimicrobial drug and susceptible to all others. Seventy-three E. coli isolates (11.9%, SE=1.3) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials, corresponding to a 33.0% (64/194) operation-level prevalence. Resistance to sulfonamide drugs was most common with 63 isolates (10.3%) resistant to sulfisoxazole, 57 of which (9.3%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. MDR in E. coli was rare (1.8%, SE=0.5). Univariate and multivariable regression were used to evaluate associations between health management and biosecurity questionnaire items and AMR in E. coli. The outcome modeled was resistance to any of the 14 tested antimicrobials. Depending on the operation type, operations with greater than 20 resident equids were significantly associated with resistance. In addition, performance operations were significantly associated with resistance when compared to farm/ranch operations. Operations with feed containers that prevent fecal contamination and those that had treated any equids for illness or injury were associated with a lower AMR. The study results suggest that equids in the general population appear to pose low risk of shedding antimicrobial resistant strains of Salmonella and E. coli, and therefore low transmission potential to other equids, animals, humans, or the environment. However, it is prudent to practice good hand hygiene to prevent spread of Salmonella as well as AMR, and to protect both animal and human health. Despite study limitations, potential management factors that may influence prevalence and prevent spread of AMR shed by equids were identified.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Humans; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Salmonella; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 36773374
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105857