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International Journal of Nursing Studies Feb 2021Extensive surgery and chemo/radiation therapy (C/RT) to manage head and neck cancer (HNC) patients affects their ability to swallow food and liquids, risk of aspiration... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Extensive surgery and chemo/radiation therapy (C/RT) to manage head and neck cancer (HNC) patients affects their ability to swallow food and liquids, risk of aspiration and greatly influences their quality of life (QOL).
OBJECTIVES
Ascertain the effectiveness of swallowing exercises on improving swallowing function, performance status, mouth opening, risk of aspiration/penetration and QOL in HNC patients.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Ovid-Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Web of Science and included all available RCTs.
REVIEW METHODS
We followed the PRISMA guidelines and standard methods for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive Meta-analysis 3.0 using the random effects model was used for data analysis.
RESULTS
In total, 19 RCTs with 1100 participants were identified and included in the current review. Swallowing exercises had significant small effect on swallowing function 0.33 (95%CI = 0.00-0.65) and moderate effect on mouth opening 0.60 (95%CI = 0.21-0.99) immediately after intervention and small effect at 6-month follow-up 0.46 (95%CI = 0.11-0.81). However, non-significant effects were observed on risk of aspiration/penetration, performance status and all domains of QOL.
CONCLUSION
Swallowing exercises demonstrated effectiveness in improving swallowing function and mouth opening in HNC patients undergoing multimodal treatment. This is the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs to assess the effect of swallowing exercises in HNC patients undergoing multimodal treatment. Nurses can play an important role in assisting the delivery of oropharyngeal swallowing exercises including jaw exercises, tongue exercises and swallowing maneuvers with assistance and guidance from speech pathologists to help improve HNC complications and QOL for HNC survivors.
Topics: Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Exercise Therapy; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 33352439
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103827 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2021The association between uterine cervix and anogenital carcinomas and human papillomavirus, HPV, is well established, however the involvement of this virus in the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The association between uterine cervix and anogenital carcinomas and human papillomavirus, HPV, is well established, however the involvement of this virus in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas remains controversial.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the relationship between HPV infection and oral squamous cell carcinomas, and to estimate the incidence of this infection in these patients.
METHODS
Four electronic databases were searched to find studies that met the following inclusion criteria: i) performed in humans; ii) were cohort, case-control or cross-sectional; iii) assessed the HPV oncogenic activity by the E6 and E7 mRNA; iv) included primary oral squamous cell carcinomas which; v) diagnosis had been confirmed by biopsy. Information about the country; study period; sample obtainment; sites of oral squamous cell carcinomas; number, gender and age range of the population; the prevalence of HPV infection and subtypes detected; use of tobacco or alcohol and oral sex practice were extracted. The methodological quality of included articles was assessed using 14 criteria.
RESULTS
The search strategy retrieved 2129 articles. Assessment of the full text was done for 626 articles, but five were included. The total of participants included was 383, most of them male with mean age between 51.0 and 63.5 years old. Seventeen patients were HPV/mRNA-positive, being the subtypes 16 and 18 detected more frequently. Nine of the HPV/mRNA-positive oral squamous cell carcinomas occurred on the tongue. The quality score average of included articles was five points.
CONCLUSIONS
Among the 383 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients included, 17 (4.4%) were HPV/mRNA-positive, nevertheless it was not possible to assess if HPV infection was associated with oral squamous cell carcinomas because none of the studies included was longitudinal and cross-sectional investigations do not have control group.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA, Viral; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 33339760
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.10.017 -
Oral Oncology Jun 2013This was a systematic review of the current research on speech and swallowing outcomes and the factors affecting these outcomes after primary resection of tongue cancer... (Review)
Review
This was a systematic review of the current research on speech and swallowing outcomes and the factors affecting these outcomes after primary resection of tongue cancer and free flap reconstruction. A structured search in various electronic databases and relevant journals was performed. Retrieved articles were critically appraised in three rounds according to the level of evidence, the methodological quality, and the specific domain of speech and swallowing. A total of 21 articles were in the final review and the findings were categorized according to the area of tongue resection. For patients with resection and free flap reconstruction limited to either the oral tongue or the base of tongue (BOT), significant decline in speech and swallowing function was evident in the early postoperative phase, but the majority recovered close to preoperative level after 1 year. Poorer speech and swallowing outcomes were found following resections involving both oral and base of tongue (OBOT) regardless of the type of free flap reconstruction. Results overall were influenced by multiple factors including tumor size, area of resection, method of reconstruction and the use of adjuvant therapy. The use of free flaps in the immediate reconstruction of the tongue after tumor resection should aim at the maintenance of the mobility of the residual tongue and restoration of tongue bulk in order to optimize the recovery of speech and swallowing function. Future research in this field should employ standardized and reliable evaluation of speech and swallowing outcomes using multiple modalities in well-designed cohort studies with longer follow-up.
Topics: Deglutition; Humans; Postoperative Period; Speech; Surgical Flaps; Tongue Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23566773
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.03.001 -
Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery Feb 2017More than 45,000 Americans are diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer annually and multimodal treatment often requires wide excision, lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy, and... (Review)
Review
More than 45,000 Americans are diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer annually and multimodal treatment often requires wide excision, lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation. Total and subtotal lingual resection severely impairs speech, swallow, and quality of life (QoL). This study investigates functional outcomes and QoL following subtotal and total tongue resection with free tissue transfer reconstruction. A systematic review of the English language literature was performed using PubMed, Ovid, Embase, and Cochrane databases based on predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Included studies were reviewed for surgical technique, adjuvant treatment, surgical and functional outcomes, and QoL. From an initial search yield of 1,467 articles, 22 studies were included for final analysis. Speech intelligibility was correlated with the volume and degree of protuberance of the neotongue. Adjuvant therapy (radiation) and large tumor size were associated with worse speech and swallow recovery. At 1 year follow-up, despite 14 to 20% rates of silent aspiration, 82 to 97% of patients resumed oral feeding. Neurotized flaps have been demonstrated to improve flap sensation but have not yet demonstrated any significant impact on speech or swallow recovery. Finally, many patients continue to experience pain after surgery, but patient motivation, family support with physician, and speech therapist follow-up are associated with improved QoL scores. Tongue reconstruction is dictated by the amount of soft tissue resection. Taking into consideration the most common factors involved after tongue resection and reconstruction, further studies should focus on more objective measurements to offer solutions and maximize final outcomes.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Deglutition; Free Tissue Flaps; Glossectomy; Humans; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Recovery of Function; Speech; Tongue; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27798948
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593772 -
Cancer Medicine Apr 2021While evidence suggests an increasing incidence of tongue cancer in young adults, published findings regarding the prognostic role of age at diagnosis are inconsistent.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
While evidence suggests an increasing incidence of tongue cancer in young adults, published findings regarding the prognostic role of age at diagnosis are inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis of the literature to highlight key points that might help in understanding the association between age of oral tongue cancer patients at diagnosis and their prognosis. According to age at diagnosis, a systematic literature review of all published cohort studies assessing the recurrence risks and mortality associated with tongue cancer was conducted. We compared the risk estimates between patients aged >45 years and those aged <45 years at diagnosis. Random-effects models were used to calculate summary relative risk estimates (SRRs) according to different clinical outcomes and sources of between-study heterogeneity (I ) and bias. We included 31 independent cohort studies published between 1989 and 2019; these studies included a total of 28,288 patients. When risk estimations were not adjusted for confounders, no significant association was found between age at diagnosis and overall survival (OS). Conversely, after adjustment for confounders, older age at diagnosis was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality. The difference between SRRs for adjusted and unadjusted estimates was significant (p < 0.01). Younger patients had a significantly higher risk of local recurrence. Younger patients with oral tongue cancer have better OS but a greater risk of recurrence than older patients. These findings should be validated in a large prospective cohort study which considers all confounders and prognostic factors.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Australia; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Tongue Neoplasms; United States
PubMed: 33760398
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3795 -
International Archives of... Jan 2018Benign fibrous histiocytomas are common lesions of the skin that rarely affect the tongue. Such cases are available in the literature exclusively as case reports.... (Review)
Review
Benign fibrous histiocytomas are common lesions of the skin that rarely affect the tongue. Such cases are available in the literature exclusively as case reports. Similarly, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, now classified as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, is exceedingly rare in the tongue and not fully understood. This study systematically reviews the available literature discussing the clinical and pathological features of malignant and benign fibrous histiocytomas. A total of 20 cases were included in this review. Patient-level data were extracted from cases to include clinical presentation, workup, treatment, and outcome. Benign fibrous histiocytomas are consistent in clinical and histopathologic presentation. Surgical treatment provides excellent outcome, with no recurrence in all excised cases. Malignant tumors have a more aggressive clinical and pathological presentation. Surgical treatment with possible adjuvant radiotherapy resulted in recurrence in 40% of cases (follow-up of 24 months), and death due to disease in 47% of patients (follow-up of 19 months).
PubMed: 29371905
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602819 -
European Archives of... Jun 2022Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the tongue and minor salivary glands (CATMSG) is a rare neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of salivary gland tumors. In the past it has... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Cribriform adenocarcinoma of the tongue and minor salivary glands (CATMSG) is a rare neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of salivary gland tumors. In the past it has been considered a possible variant of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA), while nowadays it is accepted as a provisional entity in the WHO classification. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the existing literature about CATMSG with a particular attention to differential diagnosis and prognostic factors.
METHODS
This study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA checklist. A comprehensive search in PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases was carried out in June 2021, in partnership with a medical librarian, without time restriction. Search items include the following keywords: "cribriform adenocarcinoma of the tongue" OR "cribriform adenocarcinoma of the tongue and minor salivary glands."
RESULTS
A total of 56 patients were evaluated. Patient age across the studies ranged from 13 to 85 years (mean 59.6 year). The most common site of involvement was the tongue (58.9%), followed by palate (19.6%), tonsil (7.1%), buccal (3.6%) and reticular mucosa (3.6%), lip (3.6%), retromolar pad (1.7%), and floor of the mouth (1.7%). Lymph node involvement at the diagnosis was very common (58.9%), while there was no evidence of patients diagnosed with metastatic disease. The most common surgical approach was surgical excision (17, 30.3%); neck dissection was performed in 16 patients (28%). Radiotherapy was the most common adjuvant treatment reported (46.4%); only one patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy (1.7%). Five patients experienced a recurrence (8.8%).
CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, only 56 five cases of CATMSG have been previously described. The results of this review seem to confirm the low frequency of relapses and distant metastases, but we observed that almost 60% of cases presented with cervical lymph node involvement. In our opinion, CATMSG should be considered as a distinct tumor entity from PLGA.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands, Minor; Tongue; Tongue Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 34687340
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07140-6 -
Oral Oncology Dec 2023The status of resection margins is a proxy for the completeness of resection in oral tongue cancer surgery and is therefore a useful predictor for post-operative... (Review)
Review
The status of resection margins is a proxy for the completeness of resection in oral tongue cancer surgery and is therefore a useful predictor for post-operative prognosis. Historically, a margin distance of 5 mm or greater has been deemed a negative margin and is believed to yield a benefit in terms of control and survival. To summarize the literature more completely on this topic, we conducted a systematic review that examines radial margin distance and its relationship to disease control and survival in oral tongue cancer. Our review includes 34 studies which reported survival and/or recurrence outcomes for oral tongue cancer patients based on margin status. Most studies reported outcomes for the 5 mm margin, while the minority utilized other margin cutoffs. For the 5 mm cutoff, outcomes were generally favorable regarding survival and recurrence outcomes. Nonetheless, studies using 4 mm, 3.3 mm, and 10 mm cutoffs also found favorable survival and recurrence outcomes; however, these are a minority of the included studies.
Topics: Humans; Tongue Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Mouth Neoplasms; Prognosis; Margins of Excision; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37948894
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106609 -
Oral Oncology Dec 2023This systematic review aims to provide insight into the ideal reconstructive approach of the oral tongue in oral tongue cancer (OTC) by investigating the relationship... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aims to provide insight into the ideal reconstructive approach of the oral tongue in oral tongue cancer (OTC) by investigating the relationship between functional outcomes and the extent of tongue resection. A structured search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Studies comparing patient-reported and objective measurements of the oral tongue function between flap vs. non-flap reconstruction were included. Functional outcomes of interest were speech production, deglutition efficiency, tongue mobility, overall quality of life, and postoperative complications. A total of nine studies were retrieved and critically appraised. Patients with 20 % or less of oral tongue resected had superior swallowing efficiency and speech intelligibility with a non-flap reconstruction while patients with a tongue defect of 40-50 % self-reported or demonstrated better swallowing function with a flap repair. The data in intermediate tongue defects (20-40 % tongue resected) was inconclusive, with several studies reporting comparable functional outcomes between approaches. A longitudinal multi-institutional prospective study that rigidly controls the extent of tongue resected and subsites involved is needed to determine the percentage of tongue resected at which a flap reconstruction yields a superior functional result in OTC.
Topics: Humans; Tongue Neoplasms; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Deglutition; Tongue; Glossectomy; Speech Intelligibility
PubMed: 37839153
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106596 -
Anticancer Research Sep 2023Otorhinolaryngology tradition is that tonsillectomy (TE) is conducted among children and adolescents for obstructive sleep apnea secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Tonsillectomy as Prevention of Tonsil and Base of Tongue Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Immuno-Oncological Effect of One Among the Most Common Surgeries in the World.
Otorhinolaryngology tradition is that tonsillectomy (TE) is conducted among children and adolescents for obstructive sleep apnea secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and in adults for chronic disease of the tonsils and adenoids (recurrent tonsillitis). Nevertheless, over the last 50 years, we have observed a decline in TE worldwide. As a result, there is an emerging concern of a correlated possible increased risk of tonsil cancer (TC) and other subtypes of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Since the available data on such topics are limited and controversial, our aim was to elucidate the impact of TE on the incidence mainly of TC through a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of the studies. After a thorough search, 7 retrospective studies were considered eligible for review and meta-analysis (MA). At MA, patients with a history of TE seem to show a reduced risk of TC but a higher predisposition for base of tongue (BOT) cancer (p<0.001): however, the elevated heterogeneity of the studies hampers drawing firm and convincing conclusions (statistical inconsistency >95%). In future, randomized control trials will be welcome to elucidate the prophylactic role of TE against TC and its real impact on BOT cancer.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillectomy; Tongue Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Tonsillar Neoplasms; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 37648322
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16575