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Head & Neck Mar 2019Surgery of tongue tumors includes different procedures ranging from mucosal resection to complex combined resection. Numerous terms have been used to describe such...
BACKGROUND
Surgery of tongue tumors includes different procedures ranging from mucosal resection to complex combined resection. Numerous terms have been used to describe such procedures, but there is no consensus between the terminology and the extent of resection.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We searched the medical literature and found a lack of published information. We undertook to describe a new classification of surgical procedures for tongue tumor resection. We based it upon the surgical anatomy of the tongue and the spread of the cancer. We posited that there were five major types of glossectomy embracing all the methods of tongue cancer resection. This classification was reviewed and endorsed by an international team of experts.
CONCLUSION
We propose a more precise classification than that currently in practice, thereby bringing clarity and consistency to the terminology, facilitating shared communication between surgeons, comparison between published research, and ultimately improving surgical practice and patient care.
Topics: Glossectomy; Humans; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 30600861
DOI: 10.1002/hed.25466 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... Jan 2018Tongue cancer is one of the most common and deadly types of head and neck cancer. The incidence of tongue cancer has been particularly high and remained been increasing... (Review)
Review
Tongue cancer is one of the most common and deadly types of head and neck cancer. The incidence of tongue cancer has been particularly high and remained been increasing in some countries. A main reason for poor prognosis and clinical outcome for tongue cancer was its resistance to chemotherapies, behind which the mechanisms have been not clear. In this review, we summarized literatures published in recent years and listed the proteins, biomacromolecules, and signaling pathways related to this drug resistance. We hoped that this summary could provide reference for researchers to develop new treatment strategies for tongue cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 29516950
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_763_17 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jan 2015The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tongue tumors is crucial to treatment and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality for... (Review)
Review
The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tongue tumors is crucial to treatment and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality for the evaluation of tongue carcinomas. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI can reflect the density, integrity, and leakiness of tumor vasculature, and the time-intensity curve (TIC) patterns derived from DCE-MRI results can differentiate benign from malignant tumors based on differences in vascular structure. Diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI is based on the random thermal motion of water molecules and can provide information on the cellular and tissue microstructure of the tumor. A low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from DW-MRIs may indicate a malignant tumor. Thus, ADC values and TIC parameters yield complementary information on tumors that may improve diagnostic accuracy. Indeed, the combination of DCE-MRI and DW-MRI is a comprehensive reflection of the pathological status of the tongue tumor, so utilization of these MRI modalities may facilitate the diagnostic differentiation of benign from malignant tumors of the tongue.
Topics: Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 25553468
DOI: 10.2741/4326 -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Jan 2016Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common type of oral squamous cell carcinomas and is well known for its high rate of lymph nodal metastasis. Despite the... (Review)
Review
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common type of oral squamous cell carcinomas and is well known for its high rate of lymph nodal metastasis. Despite the identification of many molecular mechanisms in TSCC, the number of deaths associated with TSCC increased during the past 5 years. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small non-coding RNA molecules, which regulate gene expression by either translational inhibition or mRNA degradation. miRNAs have been proven to be key regulators of various biological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, development and tumourigenesis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the deregulated miRNAs are implicated in the diagnosis and treatment of TSCC. In this review, we summarized the expressions and roles of miRNAs in TSCC and comment on the potential roles of miRNAs in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this malignancy.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; MicroRNAs; Prognosis; RNA Interference; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 26498914
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12650 -
Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica Jul 2021Pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (PRPF19) is a multifaceted protein and participates in DNA damage response and pre-mRNA processing. The role of PRPF19 in cancer is...
Pre-mRNA processing factor 19 (PRPF19) is a multifaceted protein and participates in DNA damage response and pre-mRNA processing. The role of PRPF19 in cancer is unclear. Here, we report that the expression of PRPF19 in human tongue cancer is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Overexpression of PRPF19 promotes while knockdown of PRPF19 inhibits tongue cancer cell migration, proliferation, and tumor growth. Overexpression of PRPF19 increases the resistance of tongue cancer cells to radiation and cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, PRPF19 regulates the expression of solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) and mono-ADP ribosylhydrolase 2 (MACROD2), knockdown of SLC40A1 or MACROD2 decreases the sensitivity of tongue cancer cells to radiation and cisplatin treatment. Thus, our results establish a key role of PRPF19 in tongue cancer growth and chemoradiotherapy resistance, targeting PRPF19 would be an effective therapeutic strategy for tongue cancer, especially for those resistant to chemoradiotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Chemoradiotherapy; Cisplatin; DNA Repair Enzymes; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, SCID; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Nuclear Proteins; RNA Splicing Factors; Radiation Tolerance; Radiation, Ionizing; Tongue Neoplasms; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 33954334
DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab059 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2020Several studies regarding tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) in colorectal, esophageal, breast, endometrial, and cervical carcinomas have been done in the past with significant... (Review)
Review
Clinicopathological correlation of tumor-stroma ratio and inflammatory cell infiltrate with tumor grade and lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and tongue in 41 cases with review of literature.
INTRODUCTION
Several studies regarding tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) in colorectal, esophageal, breast, endometrial, and cervical carcinomas have been done in the past with significant results.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to (1) study and grade TSR in buccal mucosa and tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), (2) grade inflammatory cell infiltrate surrounding the tumor, and (3) correlate the above two parameters with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (PNI).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Totally, 25 patients of buccal SCC and 16 cases of tongue SCC were included in the study. TSR was assessed visually on the hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections by two independent observers. Cases were categorized into two groups: One with high TSR >50% (stroma poor) and the other with low TSR <50% as the stroma-rich group. TSR was correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, inflammatory cell infiltrate, LVI, and PNI. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 (Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows. The Chi-square and Fischer's exact tests were applied in the analysis of categorical variable.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
SCC of buccal mucosa showed a significant correlation between TSR and size of the tumor (P = 0.001). We found that smaller the tumor size ≤2 cm (Stage T1), lesser the TSR, and size >2 cm was found to be associated with higher TSR. Hence, higher TSR (stroma poor) was associated with an adverse pathological characteristic, i.e., advanced T significantly. There was no significant correlation between TSR and inflammatory infiltrate with grade of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, LVI, and PNI. In 16 cases of SCC of the tongue; no correlation was observed between TSR and inflammatory infiltrate with tumor size, grade of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, LVI, and PNI. TSR has been studied in various malignancies (mostly adenocarcinomas) including laryngeal SCCs; however, it has never been studied on oral SCCs.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Stromal Cells; Tongue; Tongue Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 32719249
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.193113 -
Cancer Imaging : the Official... Dec 2006The tongue enables taste and plays a critical role in formation of food bolus and deglutition. The tongue is also crucial for speech and the earliest sign of tongue... (Review)
Review
The tongue enables taste and plays a critical role in formation of food bolus and deglutition. The tongue is also crucial for speech and the earliest sign of tongue paresis is a change in the quality of speech. Given the importance of the tongue, tongue carcinoma should be accurately staged in order to optimise treatment options and preserve organ function. The intent of this review is to familiarize radiologists with the pertinent anatomy of the tongue and the behaviour of tongue carcinoma so as to map malignant infiltration accurately.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tongue; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 17208674
DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2006.0029 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2016Since the tongue is the oral structure responsible for mastication, pronunciation, and swallowing functions, patients who undergo glossectomy can be affected in various...
OBJECTIVE
Since the tongue is the oral structure responsible for mastication, pronunciation, and swallowing functions, patients who undergo glossectomy can be affected in various aspects of these functions. The vowel /i/ uses the tongue shape, whereas /u/ uses tongue and lip shapes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphological changes of the tongue and the adaptation of pronunciation using cine MRI for speech of patients who undergo glossectomy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twenty-three controls (11 males and 12 females) and 13 patients (eight males and five females) volunteered to participate in the experiment. The patients underwent glossectomy surgery for T1 or T2 lateral lingual tumors. The speech tasks "a souk" and "a geese" were spoken by all subjects providing data for the vowels /u/ and /i/. Cine MRI and speech acoustics were recorded and measured to compare the changes in the tongue with vowel acoustics after surgery. 2D measurements were made of the interlip distance, tongue-palate distance, tongue position (anterior-posterior and superior-inferior), tongue height on the left and right sides, and pharynx size. Vowel formants Fl, F2, and F3 were measured.
RESULTS
The patients had significantly lower F2/Fl ratios (F=5.911, p=0.018), and lower F3/F1 ratios that approached significance. This was seen primarily in the /u/ data. Patients had flatter tongue shapes than controls with a greater effect seen in /u/ than /i/.
CONCLUSION
The patients showed complex adaptation motion in order to preserve the acoustic integrity of the vowels, and the tongue modified cavity size relationships to maintain the value of the formant frequencies.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anatomic Landmarks; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glossectomy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Pharynx; Postoperative Period; Reference Values; Retrospective Studies; Speech; Speech Acoustics; Tongue; Tongue Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27812617
DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150421 -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2018
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Lymphangioma; Tongue; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 29504356
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Reports (Hoboken, N.J.) Feb 2022To assess the feasibility of tongue conservation treatment with induction chemotherapy (ICT), tongue conservation surgery, and risk-adapted postoperative adjuvant...
BACKGROUND
To assess the feasibility of tongue conservation treatment with induction chemotherapy (ICT), tongue conservation surgery, and risk-adapted postoperative adjuvant therapy in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).
METHODS
Patients with newly diagnosed OTSCC cT2-4 N0-2 M0 were recruited. The ICT with a regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin, and oral tegafur/uracil (DCU) was administrated every 21 days. After the first cycle of ICT (DCU1), patients with a more than 30% decrease in the longest diameter of primary tumor underwent a second cycle of ICT (DCU2). Tongue conservation surgery was performed after ICT, and risk-adapted adjuvant therapy was organized based on pathological features.
RESULTS
From July 2011 to December 2015, a total of 23 patients were enrolled, 87% of whom were classified as stage III-IV. Clinical responders to DCU1 and DCU2 were determined in 90.5% (19/21) and 88.2% (15/17) of patients. Tongue conservation surgery was performed in 16 responders to ICT. Only one patient had a positive margin (6.3%), and a complete pathologic response was achieved in eight patients (50%). Only one patient developed local recurrence after a median follow-up of 58.6 months (range, 7.9-105.2). The 5-year overall survival (0% vs. 87.5%, P = 0.001) and disease-specific survival (0% vs. 93.3%, P = 0.000) were significantly different between the DCU1 nonresponders and responders.
CONCLUSION
Tongue conservation treatment with ICT, followed by conservation surgery and risk-adapted adjuvant therapy, is feasible for patients with OTSCC who are good responders to ICT. However, the outcomes of nonresponders are dismal. Further study in a larger patient population is warranted.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Female; Humans; Induction Chemotherapy; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Oral Surgical Procedures; Survival Rate; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 34051137
DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1456