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The Canadian Journal of Neurological... Aug 2009The limbic system as described by Broca, Papez and MacLean is an important concept for clinicians and basic researchers but remains controversial. Part anatomy and part... (Review)
Review
The limbic system as described by Broca, Papez and MacLean is an important concept for clinicians and basic researchers but remains controversial. Part anatomy and part physiology, it is hypothesized to be the primary brain mechanism responsible for the well being of the animal. The limbic system processes sensory input from the external and internal environment to determine, through memory and motivation, the emotional, autonomic, motor and cognitive responses important for self-preservation and survival. Disruption of limbic function by ictal activity is most commonly seen in temporal lobe epilepsy, but seizures in other parts of the limbic system can result in equally disturbing consequences.
Topics: Animals; Electroencephalography; Humans; Limbic System; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 19760912
DOI: No ID Found -
Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No... Oct 2012
Topics: Congresses as Topic; Emotions; Humans; Limbic System; Memory; Morals; Religion
PubMed: 23189383
DOI: No ID Found -
Mechanisms of Ageing and Development Dec 1998The limbic system includes the complex of brain centres, nuclei and connections that provide the anatomical substrate for emotions. Although the presence of small... (Review)
Review
The limbic system includes the complex of brain centres, nuclei and connections that provide the anatomical substrate for emotions. Although the presence of small amounts of dopamine (DA) in several limbic structures has been recognized for a long time, for many years it was thought that limbic DA represented a precursor of noradrenaline in the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamines. More recent evidence has shown that limbic centres and nuclei are supplied with a dopaminergic innervation arising from the ventral tegmental area (field A10) and in smaller amounts from the mesencephalic A9 field. The dopaminergic limbic system is sensitive to ageing. Parameters of dopaminergic neurotransmission (DA levels, biosynthetic and catabolic markers and DA receptors) undergo age-related changes which depend on the structure and species investigated and are characterized mainly by a decline of different parameters examined. In this paper, the influence of ageing on DA biosynthesis, levels, metabolism and receptors are reviewed in laboratory rodents, monkeys and humans as well as in cases of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The possibility that changes of dopaminergic neurotransmission markers in the limbic system are associated with cognitive impairment and psychotic symptoms affecting the elderly is discussed. Better knowledge of dopaminergic neurotransmission mechanisms in the so-called physiological ageing and in senile dementia may provide new insights in the treatment of behavioural alterations frequently occurring in old age.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Biomarkers; Dopamine; Humans; Limbic System; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 9883974
DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(98)00104-3 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... 1990
Review
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Amygdala; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Hippocampus; Limbic System; Stomach Ulcer; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 2201240
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb16168.x -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Dec 2018Theta oscillations (4-12 Hz) represent one of the most prominent physiological oscillatory activity in the mammalian EEG. They are observed in several areas of the... (Review)
Review
Theta oscillations (4-12 Hz) represent one of the most prominent physiological oscillatory activity in the mammalian EEG. They are observed in several areas of the hippocampus and in parahippocampal structures. Theta oscillations play important roles in modulating synaptic plasticity during memory and learning; moreover, they are dependent on septal cholinergic inputs. Theta oscillations can be reproduced in vitro in several regions of the temporal lobe in the absence of the septum by employing the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh). Here, we review the mechanisms underlying CCh-induced theta oscillations. We address: (i) the ability of temporal lobe neuronal networks to oscillate independently at theta frequency during CCh treatment; (ii) the contribution of intrinsic ionic currents; (iii) the participation of principal cells and interneurons; and (iv) their pharmacological profiles. We also discuss the similarities between CCh-induced theta oscillations and physiological type II theta activity, as well as their roles in synaptic plasticity. Finally, we consider experimental evidence pointing to the contribution of spontaneous and CCh-induced theta activity to epileptiform synchronization.
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agonists; Epilepsy; Limbic System; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Rodentia; Theta Rhythm
PubMed: 30381251
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.018 -
Neurochemical Research Nov 2003The adult nervous system is not static, but instead can change, can be reshaped by experience. Such plasticity has been demonstrated from the most reductive to the most... (Review)
Review
The adult nervous system is not static, but instead can change, can be reshaped by experience. Such plasticity has been demonstrated from the most reductive to the most integrated levels, and understanding the bases of this plasticity is a major challenge. It is apparent that stress can alter plasticity in the nervous system, particularly in the limbic system. This paper reviews that subject, concentrating on: a) the ability of severe and/or prolonged stress to impair hippocampal-dependent explicit learning and the plasticity that underlies it; b) the ability of mild and transient stress to facilitate such plasticity; c) the ability of a range of stressors to enhance implicit fear conditioning, and to enhance the amygdaloid plasticity that underlies it.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Cognition; Glucocorticoids; Hippocampus; Humans; Learning; Limbic System; Neural Pathways; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Stress, Physiological; Synaptic Transmission
PubMed: 14584827
DOI: 10.1023/a:1026021307833 -
Clinics in Perinatology Dec 2011The knowledge that neonatal emotional experience and associated learning processes are critical in the maturation of prefronto-limbic circuits emphasizes the importance... (Review)
Review
The knowledge that neonatal emotional experience and associated learning processes are critical in the maturation of prefronto-limbic circuits emphasizes the importance of preterm and neonatal care. The further improvement of care and intervention strategies requires a deeper understanding of epigenetic mechanisms mediating experience-induced synaptic reorganization underlying the emergence of emotional and cognitive behavioral traits. Interdisciplinary research efforts are needed in which pediatricians and developmental biologists and psychologists merge their knowledge, concepts, and methodology. The hope is that the translational relevance of research efforts can be improved through a greater interaction between basic and clinical scientists.
Topics: Child Development; Cognition; Emotions; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Limbic System; Neuroanatomy
PubMed: 22107898
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2011.08.013 -
Journal de Physiologie 1968Understanding the part played by the limbic system in the shaping of overall behaviour is assisted by the previous study of that system's involvement in the mechanisms... (Review)
Review
Understanding the part played by the limbic system in the shaping of overall behaviour is assisted by the previous study of that system's involvement in the mechanisms underlying certain sections of behaviour. a) Limbic structures contribute to the dynamic synthesis of contemporary information, by reason of their share in mechanisms: I. of modulatory central control in the production and transmission of sensory messages, 2. in the genesis of states of vigilance, especially the focussing of attention. On the other hand, they have an inhibitory role in somatic motility by way of progressive elimination of all inadequate motor response. b) Limbic structures participate in the elaboration of emotional states, in the initiation of both positive and negative reinforcement. That is to say they participate in the processes by which: I. "appetitive" or "aversive" significance is progressively conferred upon a given stimulus or situation, 2. behaviour is subjected to a positive or negative reinforcement, assuring its stabilization or its extinction. c) The comparison of the present situation with experience, enabling the organism to foresee the results of its behaviour; and similarly the comparison of results achieved with those anticipated, imply information storage, and the formation of lasting memory traces. It appears that the limbic system by integration of cognitive and affective components of sensory information, contributes to the compilation of experience which can be drawn upon in recognition or evocation. When the lasting results of different limbic lesions upon total behaviour are studied, it is clear that these effects are all the more profound as, among the motivational factors involved, those due to experience and to adaptation to environment, play the more important part. Behavioural deficits appear especially due to the absence of inhibition of certain inadequate responses, which results in a "maladaptation" of behavior as much towards present environmental conditions as to the experience of the organism. a) Regarding alimentary behaviour, the limbic system seems only to have importance in fixing the various individual attitudes towards feeding (competition, feeding habits, time to repletion, etc.). b) Sexually, experimental facts suggest that the limbic system plays an essential part in facilitation and especially selective inhibition which, by the exclusion of inadequate responses, may differentiate adult heterosexual conduct from ambivalent sexuality. Thus, in the adult, sexual behaviour can appear which is adapted to the environment, and consistent with the genetic sex and certain individual behavioural characteristics of the organism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Topics: Animals; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Learning; Limbic System; Memory; Motivation
PubMed: 4951215
DOI: No ID Found -
Lancet (London, England) Oct 1974
Review
Topics: Affective Symptoms; Animals; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cognition Disorders; Electrodes, Implanted; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology; Encephalitis; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Limbic System; Personality Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 4138925
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91143-x -
Brain, Behavior and Evolution 1986This paper offers a new hypothesis about how the limbic system might assist motor learning. It is proposed that interactions of limbic and sensorimotor-related systems... (Review)
Review
This paper offers a new hypothesis about how the limbic system might assist motor learning. It is proposed that interactions of limbic and sensorimotor-related systems are essential for learning what to do in a motor task (appropriate, relevant behavior) and how to do it best (motor skill). Limbic modulations of sensorimotor-related neural centers are envisaged to result from comparisons in various neural centers of converging inputs from the relevance-sensitive amygdala and from corollary, cortically-modulated recipients of amygdaloid information. Such comparisons of relatively 'raw' limbic inputs and their 'processed', corollary forms could be achieved in a side-loop manner resembling that in the cerebellum. This 'limbic comparator' hypothesis was prompted by studies of motor learning that show how monkeys develop skill only after gaining insight into appropriate, task-related behavior, and that inappropriate behavior during transition into the insightful state produces 'error' signals from the anterior cingulate cortex. Known sites of limbic projections that could serve corollary comparisons are examined with regard to their possible influence on motivation, appropriate, task-related behavior and motor skill. Anatomical and functional tests of convergence and comparison in sensorimotor-related neural centers are suggested in order to stimulate investigations of the limbic comparator hypothesis.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Carpus, Animal; Elbow; Gyrus Cinguli; Haplorhini; Learning; Limbic System; Models, Neurological; Motivation; Motor Activity
PubMed: 3109685
DOI: 10.1159/000118670