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Brain Topography May 2023The Papez circuit, first proposed by James Papez in 1937, is a circuit believed to control memory and emotions, composed of the cingulate cortex, entorhinal cortex,... (Review)
Review
The Papez circuit, first proposed by James Papez in 1937, is a circuit believed to control memory and emotions, composed of the cingulate cortex, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Pursuant to James Papez, Paul Yakovlev and Paul MacLean incorporated the prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortex, septum, amygdalae, and anterior temporal lobes into the limbic system. Over the past few years, diffusion-weighted tractography techniques revealed additional limbic fiber connectivity, which incorporates multiple circuits to the already known complex limbic network. In the current review, we aimed to comprehensively summarize the anatomy of the limbic system and elaborate on the anatomical connectivity of the limbic circuits based on the published literature as an update to the original Papez circuit.
Topics: Humans; Limbic System; Gyrus Cinguli; Amygdala; Thalamus; Hippocampus; Neural Pathways
PubMed: 37148369
DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-00955-y -
Behavioural Brain Research Dec 1992The concept of the limbic system is highly influential in many areas of the neurosciences and in their applications to clinical medicine. The value of this concept has... (Review)
Review
The concept of the limbic system is highly influential in many areas of the neurosciences and in their applications to clinical medicine. The value of this concept has been questioned, denied, and defended several times in the past but a comprehensive critical evaluation has never been published. In this article we take several approaches to analyse empirical data of relevance to the limbic system. First we delineate its factual application in different areas. The limbic system has a very wide scope and divergent use. Secondly we extract criteria for its definition from research literature using the bibliographic database Medline. The limbic system has been defined variously on a number of different descriptive levels from morphology to behaviour. Thirdly we review its empirical foundations comparing evidence from different sources. The limbic system lacks an adequate empirical definition in spite of numerous efforts. Last we evaluate its construction as a scientific concept from empirical facts. The limbic system is a non-empirical explanatory concept for poorly understood brain functions. We conclude that the concept of the limbic system cannot be accepted on empirical grounds. However, it is a very attractive concept in the search for explanation of brain function. The non-empirical contents of the limbic system remains largely unexplored.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Limbic System
PubMed: 1294190
DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80221-9 -
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Sep 1994The limbic system refers to the part of the brain that is involved in emotional expression and in cognitive and somatomotor control systems; it most likely also has a... (Review)
Review
The limbic system refers to the part of the brain that is involved in emotional expression and in cognitive and somatomotor control systems; it most likely also has a significant role in the pathogenesis of certain dementias, neuropsychiatric disturbances, and seizure disorders. This system, as originally defined, has no clear anatomic boundaries. Limbic regions of the telencephalon include a continuous medial zone of cortical regions, including the hippocampal formation; a perihippocampal zone, including the cingulate gyrus, prefrontal region, and perirhinal region; along with subcortical areas, including the septum pellucidum and the amygdala. A distinguishing characteristic of the limbic region is that it is highly interconnected and appears to form the only major route for information transfer between the neocortex and the hypothalamus. With the multiplanar capability and resolution of MR imaging, the individual parts of the limbic system and the diseases that affect them can be studied. In this review, we discuss MR imaging of the diseases that affect this system.
Topics: Brain Diseases; Female; Humans; Limbic System; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male
PubMed: 8079864
DOI: 10.2214/ajr.163.3.8079864 -
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America Feb 1997The limbic system has a pivotal role in attention, memory, and the emotions. The limbic lobe comprises four C-shaped arches stretching from the medial surface of the... (Review)
Review
The limbic system has a pivotal role in attention, memory, and the emotions. The limbic lobe comprises four C-shaped arches stretching from the medial surface of the frontal lobe to the temporal pole. The anatomic relationships are elegantly demonstrated by MR imaging. This article provides an overview of the development and complex anatomy of the limbic system.
Topics: Amygdala; Attention; Dentate Gyrus; Emotions; Frontal Lobe; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Humans; Limbic System; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Memory; Temporal Lobe
PubMed: 9100228
DOI: No ID Found -
Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No... Oct 2012
Topics: Animals; Human Characteristics; Humans; Limbic System; Social Behavior
PubMed: 23189385
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and... 1997The limbic system is the border zone where psychiatry meets neurology. The authors provide a model of limbic function that combines phylogenetic, anatomic, functional,... (Review)
Review
The limbic system is the border zone where psychiatry meets neurology. The authors provide a model of limbic function that combines phylogenetic, anatomic, functional, and clinical data to interpret diseases relevant to neuropsychiatry. They provide evidence supporting two major divisions in the limbic system: a paleocortical division with the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex at its center, and an archicortical division with the hippocampus and cingulate cortex at its center. The implicit integration of affect, drives, and object associations is the function of the paleocortical limbic division; explicit sensory processing, encoding, and attentional control is the function of the archicortical limbic division. The two work in concert to integrate thought, feeling, and action. Understanding their development and organization informs us about how best to care for our patients.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Limbic System; Mental Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Species Specificity
PubMed: 9276837
DOI: 10.1176/jnp.9.3.315 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Dec 1973The limbic system can be considered to consist of a central ‘core’ from which three well-defined circuits emerge. These are the the and the The functions of the... (Review)
Review
The limbic system can be considered to consist of a central ‘core’ from which three well-defined circuits emerge. These are the the and the The functions of the primitive limbic brain are modulated by a higher order control—the frontal lobe. Emotional responses and physiological changes have been obtained by stimulation of fronto-limbic pathways and limbic circuits and these have been used for location of target sites in psychosurgery. For the relief of intractable depression and anxiety, lesions are generally made in the lower medial quadrant or posteroorbital part of the frontal lobe, where there is a concentration of fronto-limbic connections. In primary obsessional neurosis lesions at this site produce less satisfactory results, but these illnesses may be helped by lesions in the cingulate gyrus, which is part of the Papez circuit. Patients with epilepsy and aggressive outbursts may respond to temporal lobotomy, or to operations, such as amygdalotomy, where lesions are placed in the defence reaction circuit.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Anorexia Nervosa; Emotions; Epilepsy; Feeding Behavior; Frontal Lobe; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Limbic System; Memory; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Psychosurgery
PubMed: 4618902
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.49.578.825 -
Behavioural Brain Research Dec 1992
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Neuropsychopharmacology : Official... Jun 2016In order to thrive, animals must be able to recognize aversive and appetitive stimuli within the environment and subsequently initiate appropriate behavioral responses.... (Review)
Review
In order to thrive, animals must be able to recognize aversive and appetitive stimuli within the environment and subsequently initiate appropriate behavioral responses. This assignment of positive or negative valence to a stimulus is a key feature of emotional processing, the neural substrates of which have been a topic of study for several decades. Until recently, the result of this work has been the identification of specific brain regions, such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), as important to valence encoding. The advent of modern tools in neuroscience has allowed further dissection of these regions to identify specific populations of neurons signaling the valence of environmental stimuli. In this review, we focus upon recent work examining the mechanisms of valence encoding, and provide a model for the systematic investigation of valence within anatomically-, genetically-, and functionally defined populations of neurons.
Topics: Animals; Emotions; Humans; Limbic System; Neurons; Reinforcement, Psychology
PubMed: 26647973
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.358 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 2006The limbic system is composed of cortical as well as subcortical structures, which are intimately interconnected. The resulting macrostructure is responsible for the... (Review)
Review
The limbic system is composed of cortical as well as subcortical structures, which are intimately interconnected. The resulting macrostructure is responsible for the generation and expression of motivational and affective states. Especially high levels of serotonin are found in limbic forebrain structures. Serotonin projections to these structures, which arise from serotonergic cell body groups in the midbrain, form a dense plexus of axonal processes. In many areas of the limbic system, serotonergic neurotransmission can best be described as paracrine or volume transmission, and thus serotonin is believed to play a neuromodulatory role in the brain. Serotonergic projections to limbic structures, arising primarily from the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, compose two distinct serotonergic systems differing in their topographic organization, electrophysiological characteristics, morphology, as well as sensitivity to neurotoxins and perhaps psychoactive or therapeutic agents. These differences may be extremely important in understanding the role of these two serotonergic systems in normal brain function and in mental illness. Central serotonergic neurons or receptors are targets for a variety of therapeutic agents used in the treatment of disorders of the limbic system.
Topics: Animals; Hippocampus; Humans; Limbic System; Mental Disorders; Neural Pathways; Serotonin
PubMed: 16157378
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.06.007