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International Journal of Infectious... Sep 2022Myiasis refers to infestation of living animals or humans by maggots or fly larvae. Urogenital myiasis is a rare condition that is linked to poor sanitary conditions and...
Myiasis refers to infestation of living animals or humans by maggots or fly larvae. Urogenital myiasis is a rare condition that is linked to poor sanitary conditions and limited access to healthcare and with few published case reports. Here, we describe the case of a 67-year-old homeless woman with multiple comorbidities, who presented with extensive vaginal myiasis requiring inpatient management with ivermectin, ceftriaxone, and metronidazole and daily larvae extraction and debridement. The relevance of this case is providing a report of a successful management with ivermectin of a case of severe vaginal myiasis. Severe cases of vaginal myiasis can require repeated debridement of necrotic tissue and systemic antibiotics in addition to antiparasitic medication. People living under poor sanitary conditions and with poor hygienic practices are at increased risk for severe vaginal myiasis.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Female; Humans; Ivermectin; Larva; Myiasis; Vagina
PubMed: 35718295
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.06.021 -
Ghana Medical Journal Sep 2020Myiasis is common in tropical regions, but now increasing incidence is seen in the west due to international travel. Otorhinolaryngological myiasis is uncommon and is...
INTRODUCTION
Myiasis is common in tropical regions, but now increasing incidence is seen in the west due to international travel. Otorhinolaryngological myiasis is uncommon and is seen in diabetics, alcoholics or patients unable in self-care.
OBJECTIVES
To study presentations of otorhinolaryngological myiasis, identify associated risk factors and species of flies causing myiasis.
METHODS
Clinical findings and co-morbidities of 67 myiasis cases were noted. Maggots were identified, manually removed, and patients were managed with topical treatment, systemic ivermectin and antibiotics.
FINDINGS
Thirty-three nasal myiasis, 13 aural myiasis and 5 patients with oral myiasis were noted. Seven patients with head neck wounds myiasis and nine patients of tracheostome myiasis were recorded.
DISCUSSION
Warm humid climate of tropical regions is a major concern along with co-existing conditions like poor sanitation, alcoholism, psychiatric diseases and neuropathies. Hesitancy is seen in attendants and health care professionals to deal with myiasis.
CONCLUSION
Awareness about risk factors is important in avoiding myiasis along with prompt treatment which reduces morbidity. Tracheostome myiasis is an under-documented entity rather than a rare presentation.
FUNDING
None.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antiparasitic Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Diptera; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Ivermectin; Larva; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Myiasis; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Screw Worm Infection; Treatment Outcome; Vulnerable Populations; Young Adult
PubMed: 33883762
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v54i3.8 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2021
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hydronephrosis; India; Myiasis; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous
PubMed: 33431436
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232805 -
Paediatrics and International Child... Feb 2012
Topics: Animals; Female; Houseflies; Humans; Male; Myiasis; Umbilicus
PubMed: 22525441
DOI: 10.1179/204690512X13296079158208 -
Journal of Travel Medicine 2003Myiasis is an infestation of human tissue by the larvae of certain flies. There are many forms of myiasis, including localized furuncular myiasis, creeping dermal... (Review)
Review
Myiasis is an infestation of human tissue by the larvae of certain flies. There are many forms of myiasis, including localized furuncular myiasis, creeping dermal myiasis and wound and body cavity myiasis.1 Cordylobia anthropophaga (the Tumbu fly) and Dermatobia hominis (the human botfly) are the most common causes of myiasis in Africa and tropical America respectively. The genus Cordylobia also contains two less common species, C. ruandae and C. rodhaini. The usual hosts of C. rodhaini are various mammals (particularly rodents), and and humans are accidentally infested. Figure 1 shows the life cycle of C. rodhaini, which occurs over 55 to -67 days.3 The female fly deposits her eggs on dry sand polluted with the excrement of animals or on human clothing. In about 3 days, the larva is activated by the warm body of the host, hatches and invades the skin. As the larva matures, it induces a furuncular swelling. In 12 to -15 days, the larva reaches a length of about 23 mm, exits the skin and falls to the ground to pupate. The adult fly emerges in 23 to -26 days, and the life cycle resumes. In humans, the skin lesion starts as a red papule that gradually enlarges and develops into a furuncle. In the center of the lesion an opening forms, through which the larva breaths and discharges its serosanguinous feces. The lesion is associated with increasing pain until the larva exits the skin. The disease is usually uncomplicated and self-limiting.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Diptera; Female; Humans; Israel; Larva; Male; Myiasis; Travel
PubMed: 14531984
DOI: 10.2310/7060.2003.2732 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Mar 2012Human myiasis results from parasitic tissue infestation by maggots. It often develops in open or necrotic wounds and has its highest prevalence among poor populations in...
Human myiasis results from parasitic tissue infestation by maggots. It often develops in open or necrotic wounds and has its highest prevalence among poor populations in tropical regions. This study reports 2 cases of human myiasis in the oral cavity and describes its clinical aspect and treatment.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Diptera; Humans; Larva; Mouth; Myiasis
PubMed: 22446462
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31824685f7 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jan 2022Cerebral myiasis is extremely rare, and surgical intervention is the primary treatment used. Successful conservative management alone, without surgical removal of the... (Review)
Review
Cerebral myiasis is extremely rare, and surgical intervention is the primary treatment used. Successful conservative management alone, without surgical removal of the brain infestation has not yet been published. We report a case of a 24-year-old African homeless man who was found on the street in a state of decreased level of consciousness, with larvae exiting from the left supra and postauricular dirty wounds and from his left ear. The patient was diagnosed with post-traumatic cerebral myiasis of the left temporal lobe and cerebellum. It was treated successfully by debridement of the external wounds and administration of antibiotics, without surgical removal of the brain infestations. For the first time, this case illustrates the novelty and appropriateness of the conservative management of cerebral myiasis. This is also the first report of cerebral myiasis with cerebellar involvement and the second report of post-traumatic cerebral myiasis in literature.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Brain; Conservative Treatment; Ear; Humans; Larva; Male; Myiasis; Young Adult
PubMed: 35099460
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.2189 -
International Journal of Dermatology Oct 2016Here, we review the human botfly (Dermatobia hominis), which belongs to a group of Diptera generically known as "myiasis-causing flies," characterized by the ability of... (Review)
Review
Here, we review the human botfly (Dermatobia hominis), which belongs to a group of Diptera generically known as "myiasis-causing flies," characterized by the ability of their larvae to develop in animal flesh. In addition to its medical and economic importance, there is an academic interest in this botfly because of its peculiar biology, particularly because a phoretic diptera is needed to complete the life cycle. The larvae penetrate the host's skin, causing furuncle-like lesions that are pruritic, painful, and resemble subcutaneous nodules, producing irreversible perforations in the skin. Although D. hominis is distributed from Mexico to Argentina, a review performed by our working group from 1999 to 2015 determined that the countries with the highest infection rates in travelers are Belize, Bolivia, and Brazil. Interestingly, infected men show a higher variation in the distribution of the lesions than in women. Many treatment schemes have been suggested, including the application of highly dense liquids to the lesion to cause anoxia in the D. hominis larvae. We showed, for the first time, a Bayesian inference between D. hominis and other myiasis-causing flies. The flies grouped into two main clusters according to their capacity to produce facultative and obligatory myiasis, and D. hominis was phylogenetically close to Cuterebra spp.
Topics: Animals; Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; Diptera; Female; Humans; Life Cycle Stages; Male; Myiasis; Phylogeny; Risk Factors; Travel
PubMed: 27126902
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13302 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jan 2024Sarcophagidae is one of the main fly families that is attracted to open wounds, ulcers, lesions, and other injuries for depositing their larvae. The presence of larvae... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sarcophagidae is one of the main fly families that is attracted to open wounds, ulcers, lesions, and other injuries for depositing their larvae. The presence of larvae of flies in human tissues makes myiasis. Myiasis on the scalp could be more frightening in comparison with myiasis on the other parts of the body. It is a rare myiasis case that shows the ability of myiasis agents to attack various parts of the body. On the other hand, reporting of myiasis cases by Sarcophagidae larvae is not common due to difficulties in their identification. This study aimed to emphasize the importance of Sarcohagidae larvae in producing myiasis by describing the first case of soft tissue sarcoma infestation and provides a review of human myiasis by larvae of the Sarcophagidae family during 2010-2023 and also a review of wound myiasis cases associated with malignancy during 2000-2023.
CASE PRESENTATION
A case of sarcoma cancer myiasis is reported on the scalp of a 43-year-old man who referred to one of Tehran's hospitals for surgical treatment of cancer. Before surgery, insect larvae were observed in the area of sarcoma. The larvae were isolated, examined morphologically, and identified as Sarcophaga spp.
CONCLUSIONS
Myiasis has been considered as a neglected disease. Publishing of myiasis cases could be useful to alert health policy-makers about its danger and appearance in the community. It is not usual but can be expected even on the scalp of the human head. Exact daily supervision and dressing of the wound could be recommended to prevent cutaneous myiasis.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; Adult; Scalp; Iran; Sarcoma; Myiasis; Larva
PubMed: 38183025
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08957-8 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Dec 2023Although today there is extensive scientific literature on aural myiasis, a historical study of the subject has yet to appear. This short article reports the first...
OBJECTIVE
Although today there is extensive scientific literature on aural myiasis, a historical study of the subject has yet to appear. This short article reports the first description of aural myiasis in the Western medical literature.
METHODS
Methods involved: (1) scholarship review of ear diseases within Ancient Greek and Roman medical texts (); (2) linguistic analysis for text identification through the Library of Latin Texts, the and the Loeb Classical Library; and (3) translation of the Latin texts that described cases of aural myiasis with commentary.
RESULTS
To our knowledge, the earliest case of aural myiasis in Latin medical literature is reported by the Roman encyclopaedist Celsus (first century CE). In his , he describes cases of maggot infestation of the ear and how to treat affected patients.
CONCLUSION
Despite present advances in otology, we believe that much insight can still be gained from this ancient example of medical history in ear diseases. A more comparative analysis of the subject is to be considered in the future, which will provide more data from different cultures and times.
Topics: Male; Animals; Humans; Larva; Rome; Myiasis; Ear Diseases; Otolaryngology
PubMed: 36420690
DOI: 10.1017/S002221512200247X