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Acta Endocrinologica Dec 1973
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Chlorides; Depression, Chemical; Fluorides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Methods; Potassium Iodide; Protease Inhibitors; Rats; Thyroid Gland; Time Factors
PubMed: 4800906
DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.0740703 -
Journal of Public Health Management and... 2003On January 31, 2002, Vermont's health commissioner requested potassium iodide (KI) for individuals in the 10-mile Emergency Planning Zone of the nuclear power facility....
On January 31, 2002, Vermont's health commissioner requested potassium iodide (KI) for individuals in the 10-mile Emergency Planning Zone of the nuclear power facility. Vermont's KI distribution program emphasized public information about the role, risks, and benefits of KI. Predistribution ensured that individuals could receive KI in a 0- to 4-hour time period, to provide maximum protection. Five months after the program began, more than 1,000 individuals had received KI, and 3,000-4,000 KI doses have been distributed in schools. Efforts are ongoing to identify barriers to participation, provide public education, and evaluate KI distribution efforts.
Topics: Community Participation; Disaster Planning; Health Education; Humans; Nuclear Reactors; Potassium Iodide; Radiation Injuries; Radiation-Protective Agents; Radioactive Hazard Release; Terrorism; United States Government Agencies; Vermont
PubMed: 15503600
DOI: 10.1097/00124784-200309000-00006 -
Lancet (London, England) Apr 1967
Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Middle Aged; Potassium Iodide
PubMed: 4164400
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(67)91488-2 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Sep 2000A chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study, in which male and female F344/DuCrj rats were given potassium iodide (KI) in the drinking water at concentrations of 0, 10,...
A chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study, in which male and female F344/DuCrj rats were given potassium iodide (KI) in the drinking water at concentrations of 0, 10, 100 or 1000 ppm for 104 weeks, and a two-stage carcinogenicity study of application at 0 or 1000 ppm for 83 weeks following a single injection of N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN), were conducted. In the former, squamous cell carcinomas were induced in the salivary glands of the 1000 ppm group, but no tumors were observed in the thyroid. In the two-stage carcinogenicity study, thyroidal weights and the incidence of thyroid tumors derived from the follicular epithelium were significantly increased in the DHPN+KI as compared with the DHPN alone group. The results of our studies suggest that excess KI has a thyroid tumor-promoting effect, but KI per se does not induce thyroid tumors in rats. In the salivary gland, KI was suggested to have carcinogenic potential via an epigenetic mechanism, only active at a high dose.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Potassium Iodide; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 10930698
DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00068-5 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2014Chernobyl demonstrated that iodine-131 (131I) released in a nuclear accident can cause malignant thyroid nodules to develop in children within a 300 mile radius of the... (Review)
Review
Chernobyl demonstrated that iodine-131 (131I) released in a nuclear accident can cause malignant thyroid nodules to develop in children within a 300 mile radius of the incident. Timely potassium iodide (KI) administration can prevent the development of thyroid cancer and the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and a number of United States governmental agencies recommend KI prophylaxis. Current pre-distribution of KI by the United States government and other governments with nuclear reactors is probably ineffective. Thus we undertook a thorough scientific review, regarding emergency response to 131I exposures. We propose: (1) pre-distribution of KI to at risk populations; (2) prompt administration, within 2 hours of the incident; (3) utilization of a lowest effective KI dose; (4) distribution extension to at least 300 miles from the epicenter of a potential nuclear incident; (5) education of the public about dietary iodide sources; (6) continued post-hoc analysis of the long-term impact of nuclear accidents; and (7) support for global iodine sufficiency programs. Approximately two billion people are at risk for iodine deficiency disorder (IDD), the world's leading cause of preventable brain damage. Iodide deficient individuals are at greater risk of developing thyroid cancer after 131I exposure. There are virtually no studies of KI prophylaxis in infants, children and adolescents, our target population. Because of their sensitivity to these side effects, we have suggested that we should extrapolate from the lowest effective adult dose, 15-30 mg or 1-2 mg per 10 pounds for children. We encourage global health agencies (private and governmental) to consider these critical recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Potassium Iodide; Radiation Injuries; Radioactive Hazard Release; Terrorism
PubMed: 24739768
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110404158 -
Lasers in Medical Science Feb 2024Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be a viable option for management of intranasal infections. However, there are light delivery, fluence, and...
In vitro photoinactivation effectiveness of a portable LED device aimed for intranasal photodisinfection and a photosensitizer formulation comprising methylene blue and potassium iodide against bacterial, fungal, and viral respiratory pathogens.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be a viable option for management of intranasal infections. However, there are light delivery, fluence, and photosensitizer-related challenges. We report in vitro effectiveness of an easily fabricated, low-cost, portable, LED device and a formulation comprising methylene blue (MB) and potassium iodide (KI) for photoinactivation of pathogens of the nasal cavity, namely, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, multi-antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida spp., and SARS-CoV-2.In a 96-well plate, microbial suspensions incubated with 0.005% MB alone or MB and KI formulation were exposed to different red light (~ 660 ± 25 nm) fluence using the LED device fitted to each well. Survival loss in bacteria and fungi was quantified using colony-forming unit assay, and SARS-CoV-2 photodamage was assessed by RT-PCR.The results suggest that KI addition to MB leads to KI concentration-dependent potentiation (up to ~ 5 log) of photoinactivation in bacteria and fungi. aPDT in the presence of 25 or 50 mM KI shows the following photoinactivation trend; Gm + ve bacteria > Gm - ve bacteria > fungi > virus. aPDT in the presence of 100 mM KI, using 3- or 5-min red light exposure, results in complete eradication of bacteria or fungi, respectively. For SARS-CoV-2, aPDT using MB-KI leads to a ~ 6.5 increase in cycle threshold value.The results demonstrate the photoinactivation effectiveness of the device and MB-KI formulation, which may be helpful in designing of an optimized protocol for future intranasal photoinactivation studies in clinical settings.
Topics: Photosensitizing Agents; Methylene Blue; Potassium Iodide; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38353734
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-03996-2 -
The Journal of Dermatology Dec 1981
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Erythema; Erythema Multiforme; Erythema Nodosum; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Potassium Iodide; Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous
PubMed: 7037904
DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1981.tb02568.x -
Bulletin of the New York Academy of... Dec 1983
Topics: Accidents; Air Pollution, Radioactive; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Nuclear Reactors; Potassium Iodide; Power Plants; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 6582963
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrition Reviews Aug 2000
Topics: Iodine; Potassium Iodide; Sodium Chloride, Dietary
PubMed: 10946565
DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2000.tb01877.x -
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Jul 2010Iodide has direct effects on thyroid function. Several iodinated lipids are biosynthesized by the thyroid and they were postulated as intermediaries in the action of...
BACKGROUND
Iodide has direct effects on thyroid function. Several iodinated lipids are biosynthesized by the thyroid and they were postulated as intermediaries in the action of iodide. Among them 6 iodo-delta-lactone (IL-delta) has been identified and proposed to play a role in thyroid autoregulation. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of iodide and IL-delta on several thyroid parameters.
METHODS
Thyroid bovine follicles were incubated with the different compounds during three days.
RESULTS
KI and IL-delta inhibited iodide uptake, total protein and Tg synthesis but only KI had an effect on NIS and Tg mRNAs levels. Both compounds inhibited Na+/K+ ATPase and deoxy-glucose uptake. As PAX 8, FOXE 1 and TITF1 are involved in the regulation of thyroid specific genes their mRNA levels were measured. While iodide inhibited the expression of the first two, the expression of TITF1 was stimulated by iodide and IL-delta had no effect on these parameters.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that IL-delta reproduces some but not all the effects of excess iodide. These observations apply for higher micromolar concentrations of iodide while no such effects could be demonstrated at nanomolar iodide concentrations.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Humans; Iodides; Iodine Radioisotopes; Potassium Iodide; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 20302908
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.03.012