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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022In China, numerous human sperm banks only perform three-generation family history evaluation to exclude genetic diseases with clinical symptoms; therefore, many...
BACKGROUND
In China, numerous human sperm banks only perform three-generation family history evaluation to exclude genetic diseases with clinical symptoms; therefore, many inherited risks cannot be detected before donor qualification even when a thorough genetic family history evaluation has been performed. Hence, the risk of recessive disease inheritance persists with the current eligibility guidelines in China regarding the donor selection process.
METHODS
Retrospective study that reviewed the genetic test analyses and clinical outcomes of young adult men who were qualified sperm donors at the Hunan Province Human Sperm Bank of China from January 1, 2018, to May 1, 2021. We included a total of 3231 qualified sperm donors: all donors underwent primary screening for thalassemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Whereafter, 278 of donors underwent genetic testing for specific genes, and 43 donors underwent whole exome sequencing.
RESULTS
2.4% of 3231 qualified sperm donors might have thalassemia and 1.4% might have G6PD deficiency. Sperm donors with thalassemia and G6PD deficiency would be eliminated. Specific gene testing identified 7 of the 278 donors (2.5%) as carriers of at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in a gene, including 1.9% of 154 donors (3/154) as carrier variants in α-Like or β-Like globin genes, 17.6% of 17 donors (3/17) as carrier variants in , 12.5% of 8 donors (1/8) as carrier variants in . In addition, among the 43 sperm donors carrying the 111 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, eight (18.6%) were carriers of pathogenic variants of the gene. The frequency, therefore, was approximately 1 in 5.
CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that used blood routine and RDT can make a preliminary screening of sperm donors, and special gene testing should be performed for sperm donors according to the regional incidence of specific genetic diseases. Meanwhile, whole exome sequencing can be used as a supplementary application in sperm donor genetic testing, and aid a successful and healthy pregnancy. However, industry guidelines must be modified to incorporate its use.
Topics: Female; Genetic Testing; Globins; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Semen; Sperm Banks; Spermatozoa; Thalassemia; Young Adult
PubMed: 36204111
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.942447 -
Cureus Nov 2022Sperm cryopreservation has been used as a sperm preservation solution for infertility issues faced by men undergoing cancer treatment for over 40 years. Recent... (Review)
Review
Sperm cryopreservation has been used as a sperm preservation solution for infertility issues faced by men undergoing cancer treatment for over 40 years. Recent developments in sperm cryopreservation and its wide variety of therapeutic uses are discussed in this article, which offers a succinct and up-to-date overview of the relevant literature. Recently, sperm cryopreservation has been employed for a wider variety of therapeutic purposes. As a result, sperm freezing is becoming available to a wider variety of patients, which requires more specialized personnel and increases overhead expenses. While sperm cryopreservation before cancer treatment is accessible in many countries, oncology doctors' referral rates and patient participation with cryopreservation services have been observed to be poor. In addition, there are still moral concerns with sperm banking, including whether or not donors' identities should be protected and whether or not a deceased person's sperm should be used after his or her death. This article discusses the recent developments in sperm cryopreservation technology and the moral questions that have arisen around this practice, with an eye toward how a deeper knowledge of these concerns can help more people get access to treatments that might help preserve their fertility. A sperm bank will notify clients about the screenings it does and the background information it gathers on individual donors to guarantee the safety and quality of the sperm they get. The viability and quantity of viable sperm in a thawed sample are often guaranteed by a sperm bank. They will look for very fertile males who can donate sperm that can withstand the freezing and thawing procedure. In many cases, sperm banks advertise their samples as having a certain number of viable sperm per milliliter, and they may provide many sample types for various applications (intracytoplasmic sperm injection and intrauterine insemination).
PubMed: 36523734
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31402 -
Reproductive Medicine and Biology Oct 2021Facilities worldwide offering donor sperm insemination face sperm donor shortages. There are also known dangers of online information about sperm donation and using...
Facilities worldwide offering donor sperm insemination face sperm donor shortages. There are also known dangers of online information about sperm donation and using donated sperm to conceive without the involvement of medical professionals. Therefore, the authors investigated 140 Web sites retrieved by common Japanese search engines using sperm donation-related keywords. The authors assessed them according to criteria, but most were deemed unsafe (96.4%). Ultimately, 2 personal and 3 company Web sites provided adequate information. However, the personal Web sites lacked representative individual information and the company Web sites had issues including high costs, overseas location of facilities performing insemination, and possible non-Japanese origin of donated sperm.
PubMed: 34646084
DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12395 -
Andrology Jul 2017Beside cytotoxic drugs, other drugs can impact men's fertility through various mechanisms. Via the modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones or by... (Review)
Review
Beside cytotoxic drugs, other drugs can impact men's fertility through various mechanisms. Via the modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones or by non-hormonal mechanisms, drugs may directly and indirectly induce sexual dysfunction and spermatogenesis impairment and alteration of epididymal maturation. This systematic literature review summarizes existing data about the negative impact and associations of pharmacological treatments on male fertility (excluding cytotoxic drugs), with a view to making these data more readily available for medical staff. In most cases, these effects on spermatogenesis/sperm maturation/sexual function are reversible after the discontinuation of the drug. When a reprotoxic treatment cannot be stopped and/or when the impact on semen parameters/sperm DNA is potentially irreversible (Sulfasalazine Azathioprine, Mycophenolate mofetil and Methotrexate), the cryopreservation of spermatozoa before treatment must be proposed. Deleterious impacts on fertility of drugs with very good or good level of evidence (Testosterone, Sulfasalazine, Anabolic steroids, Cyproterone acetate, Opioids, Tramadol, GhRH analogues and Sartan) are developed.
Topics: Animals; Cryopreservation; DNA Damage; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fertility; Fertility Preservation; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; Sperm Banks; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 28622464
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12366 -
Pediatric Blood & Cancer Oct 2020Adolescent and young adult (AYA) males newly diagnosed with cancer are often faced with making quick decisions about whether to cryopreserve ("bank") sperm prior to... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) males newly diagnosed with cancer are often faced with making quick decisions about whether to cryopreserve ("bank") sperm prior to treatment initiation. Given that parental influence is crucial among young patients, the present study examines the prevalence of and factors associated with parent recommendation to bank sperm.
PROCEDURE
Parents of 13- to 21-year-old males newly diagnosed with cancer and at risk for infertility secondary to impending gonadotoxic treatment completed questionnaires typically within one week of treatment initiation. Medical and sociodemographic data, communication factors, and psychological factors were considered in a logistic regression model of parent report of parental recommendation to bank sperm (yes/no).
RESULTS
Surveys from 138 parents (70.3% female) of 117 AYA males (mean age = 16.1 years, SD = 2.0) were analyzed. Over half of parents recommended banking to their sons (N = 82; 59.4%). Parents who received a provider recommendation to bank sperm (odds ratio [OR] = 18.44, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.20-81.01, P < 0.001) or who believed in the benefits of banking (OR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.02-1.47, P = 0.03) were significantly more likely to recommend sperm banking.
CONCLUSIONS
Given parents' role in influencing sperm banking outcomes, provider recommendation and promotion of banking benefits may influence parents and empower initiation of these sensitive discussions with their sons. Utilization of this approach should yield beneficial outcomes regardless of the banking decision.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Communication; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fertility Preservation; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Semen Preservation; Sperm Banks; Spermatozoa; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 32453503
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28217 -
Chinese Medical Journal Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Male; Cryopreservation; East Asian People; Neoplasms; Semen; Sperm Banks; Spermatozoa; China
PubMed: 36574231
DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002384 -
Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) Apr 2021Is there a relation between the characteristics of potential sperm donors and the acceptance rate of these potential donors?
STUDY QUESTION
Is there a relation between the characteristics of potential sperm donors and the acceptance rate of these potential donors?
SUMMARY ANSWER
A relatively higher acceptance rate was observed for potential sperm donors who were aged ≤ 35 years, were married, had children, and who had received higher education, and acceptance rates were also higher during spring and winter than summer and autumn.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Recruiting donors to a sperm bank program is difficult and slow owing to the high rates of rejection and dropout.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
A total of 24040 potential sperm donors were screened by the Henan Human Sperm Bank from 2006 to 2019.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Potential sperm donors were recruited using the following baseline requirement: height of 168 cm or taller; age 22-45 years; currently attending or had graduated from high school or above. Men who met the criteria for age, height, and education level were invited for semen quality screening. The acceptable criteria for semen samples included liquefaction time < 60min, volume ≥ 2mL, sperm concentration ≥ 60 × 106/mL, progressive motility ≥ 60%, post-thaw motility ≥ 40%, pre-freezing total motile sperm per vial > 30 × 106/mL, post-thaw total motile sperm per vial > 12 × 106/mL, and freeze-thaw survival rate ≥ 60%. Any potential sperm donors meeting the minimum criteria for acceptable semen quality on two consecutive semen samples were scheduled for clinical assessment, physical examination, and laboratory tests. The reasons for sperm donor rejection were analyzed. The characteristics of accepted and rejected donors were compared using the chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the acceptance rate of potential sperm donors and the positive rate of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Only 23.38% (5620/24040) of potential sperm donors were accepted. The top four reasons for rejection were suboptimal semen quality (90.27%), STDs (6.26%), dropped out (2.65%), and chromosomal abnormalities (0.35%). The most common reason for the rejection of donors with an STD was a positive test for mycoplasmas (49.05%), followed by hepatitis B virus (27.56%), Chlamydia trachomatis (4.68%), and Escherichia coli (3.03%). n this study, the acceptance rate for men aged ≤ 35 years was significantly higher than that for men aged >35 years (P < 0.05). The acceptance rates were also significantly higher for men with a higher education than for men with lower education, married men than unmarried men, and men with children than men without children (P < 0.05). Moreover, acceptance rates were significantly higher during spring and winter than during summer (P <0.05) but were not significantly higher during autumn than during summer (P >0.05).
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
This study was not performed to analyze the effect of lifestyle habits, such as alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking, on the acceptance rate of potential sperm donors.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Only a small proportion of potential sperm donors were accepted in this anonymous sperm donor program. New strategies for sperm donor recruitment may be required to improve the acceptance rate. In the future, we may have to target potential sperm donors who are aged ≤ 35 years and who received higher education in order to improve the acceptance rate.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This work was supported by the Joint Construction Project of Henan Medical Science and Technology Research Plan under grant number LHGJ20190389. The authors report no conflict of interest.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
Topics: Adult; Child; China; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Semen Analysis; Sperm Banks; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Young Adult
PubMed: 33611556
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab028 -
Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue = National Journal... Aug 2022To explore the necessity of reception of sperm donors by full-time nurses in the sperm bank by analyzing the efficiency of sperm donation before and after staffing...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the necessity of reception of sperm donors by full-time nurses in the sperm bank by analyzing the efficiency of sperm donation before and after staffing Guangdong Sperm Bank (GSB) with full-time nurses.
METHODS
We selected 9 712 qualified sperm donors in GSB from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021 and compared the efficiency of sperm donation before and after staffing GSB with full-time nurses.
RESULTS
After staffing GSB with full-time nurses, the proportion of qualified sperm donors screened from the quasi-qualified ones was dramatically increased from 66.2% (1 230/1 858) to 77.1% (3 252/4 218) (P < 0.01), that of HIV re-examinees after 6-month suspension from sperm donation increased from 84.6% (137/162) to 93.4% (599/641) (P < 0.01), and that of the candidate donors lost to follow-up during the screening period decreased from 23.2% (831/3 583) to 21.3% (1 308/6 129) (P = 0.034).
CONCLUSION
After Guangdong Sperm Bank was staffed with full-time nurses for reception of sperm donors, the proportion of the candidate donors lost to follow-up was reduced and the efficiency of sperm donation was significantly improved. Individualized psychological intervention for the sperm donors by the nurses could dispel the worries of the donors and improve the compliance and efficiency of sperm donation.
Topics: Humans; Male; Sperm Banks; Semen; Spermatozoa; Tissue Donors; Tissue and Organ Procurement
PubMed: 37838969
DOI: No ID Found -
Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) Nov 2019How do the demographic characteristics, motivations, experiences and expectations of unregulated sperm donors (men donating sperm online through a connection website)... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
STUDY QUESTION
How do the demographic characteristics, motivations, experiences and expectations of unregulated sperm donors (men donating sperm online through a connection website) compare to sperm donors in the regulated sector (men donating through a registered UK sperm bank)?
SUMMARY ANSWER
Online donors were more likely to be older, married and have children of their own than sperm bank donors, were more varied in their preferences and expectations of sperm donation, and had more concerns about being a sperm donor.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
While studies have examined motivations and experiences of both regulated sperm bank, and unregulated online sperm donors, no study has directly compared these two groups of donors.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
An email was sent to the 576 men who were registered sperm donors at the London Sperm Bank, the UK's largest sperm bank regulated by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), who had commenced donation between January 2010 and December 2016, and had consented to be contacted for research. The online survey, which contained multiple choice and open-ended questions, was completed by 168 men over a 7-week period. The responses were compared to those of sperm donors registered on Pride Angel, a large UK-based connection website for donors and recipients of sperm: our research team had already collected these data. In total, 5299 sperm donors were on Pride Angel at time of data capture and 400 men had completed a similar survey. The responses of 70 actual online sperm donors (i.e. those whose sperm had been used to conceive at least one child) were used for comparison with the sperm bank donors.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
The survey obtained data on the sperm donors' demographic characteristics, motivations, experiences and expectations of sperm donation. Data from sperm bank donors were compared to online donors to examine differences between the two groups. The study compared online and clinic donors who had all been accepted as sperm donors: online donors who had been 'vetted' by recipients and sperm bank donors who had passed the rigorous screening criteria set by the clinic.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
A response rate of 29% was obtained from the sperm bank donors. Online donors were significantly older than sperm bank donors (mean ± SD: 38.7 ± 8.4 versus 32.9 ± 6.8 years, respectively) and were more likely to have their own children (p < 0.001 for both characteristics). Both groups rated the motivation 'I want to help others' as very important. Online donors rated 'I don't want to have children myself', 'to have children/procreate' and 'to enable others to enjoy parenting as I have myself' as more important than sperm bank donors, whereas sperm bank donors rated financial payment as more important than online donors, as well as confirmation of own fertility. Most (93.9%) online donors had donated their sperm elsewhere, through other connection sites, fertility clinics, sperm banks or friends and family, compared to only 2.4% of sperm bank donors (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in how donors viewed their relationship to the child, with online donors much less likely than sperm bank donors to see their relationship as a 'genetic relationship only'. Online donors had more concerns about being a donor (p < 0.001), for example, being concerned about 'legal uncertainty and child financial support' and 'future contact and uncertainty about relationship with donor-conceived child'.
LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Findings may not be representative of all sperm donors as only one online connection site and one HFEA registered sperm bank were used for recruitment.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Despite concern regarding shortages of sperm donors in licensed clinics and unease regarding the growing popularity of unregulated connection websites, this is the first study to directly compare online and sperm bank donors. It highlights the importance of considering ways to incorporate unregulated online sperm donors into the regulated sector. With many online donors well aware of the legal risks they undertake when donating in the unregulated online market, this would both increase the number of sperm donors available at clinics but also provide legal protection and support for donors.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust Grants 104 385/Z/14/Z and 097857/Z/11/Z. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
Topics: Altruism; Humans; Internet; London; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Sperm Banks; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tissue Donors; Tissue and Organ Procurement
PubMed: 31711146
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez173 -
JAMA Mar 1972A Washington newsletter recently reprinted from another publication the story of a white, previously childless, married woman who supposedly bore a black baby after...
QUESTION
A Washington newsletter recently reprinted from another publication the story of a white, previously childless, married woman who supposedly bore a black baby after being artifically inseminated with sperm from a "sperm bank." The woman reportedly committed suicide after the birth. I was not aware of the existence of such banks and would like information about their operation, and whether such an incident as reported could possibly have occurred.
ANSWER
This question interests me enormously, for I was one of the pioneer investigators in therapeutic donor insemination. Our 1st such baby is now 41-years-old. I do not know of any "sperm bank" which furnishes sperm to doctors or patients. I know of only 1 doctor in the U.S. who started freezing of sperm to a temperature of -74 degrees C who will on occassion ship sperm to a colleague for insemination. I can assure you that in this instance there has never been any mixup in the source of the sperm. Even those physicians who have sources of sperm which they use for donor insemination, for example, Edward Tyler, MD, in Los Angeles, and S.J. Behrman, MD, in Ann Arbor, Michigan, to my knowledge use the specimens only for their own patients. I have personal knowledge of only 1 instance of error. In this case a doctor advised me that through an error of his office nurse, sperm from a black donor was inseminated into the doctor's private white patient. Fortunately, the physician called me within 24 hours of this occurrence and I immediately instructed him to put the patient on a regimen of high doses of estrogen at once. This prevented the possibility of a pregnancy from a bank. Again I will say that in my large experience of donor insemination I do now know of any functioning sperm bank which furnishes semen to a casual physician. The letter from the inquiring physician did not clearly elucidate the sequential relations between the artifical insemination, the birth of the black baby, and the suicide. I presume that the black baby was born 9 months after the insemination; and, then because of having given birth to a black baby, the white mother committed sucide. Referring to my experience mentioned above, if sucn an accident should happen because of the use of the wrong sperm, whether it be of black, white, or other origin, treatment with estrogen within 3-4 days of insem ination will prevent the ainsemination from being successful. In all lik elihood, if this particular story were investigated, you will find that the sperm sample probably was not from a sperm bank but was fresh sperm, with somebody's carelessness responsible for the mixup; and, of course, assuming the incident really occurred.
Topics: Insemination, Artificial; Reproduction; Reproductive Techniques; Sperm Banks
PubMed: 12306298
DOI: No ID Found