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Fertility and Sterility Jun 2021This document provides the latest recommendations for the evaluation of potential sperm, oocyte, and embryo donors as well as their recipients, incorporating recent... (Review)
Review
This document provides the latest recommendations for the evaluation of potential sperm, oocyte, and embryo donors as well as their recipients, incorporating recent information about optimal screening and testing for sexually transmitted infections, genetic diseases, and psychological assessments. This revised document incorporates recent information from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Food and Drug Administration, and American Association of Tissue Banks, which all programs offering gamete and embryo donation services must be thoroughly familiar with, and replaces the document titled "Recommendations for gamete and embryo donation: a committee opinion," last published in 2013.
Topics: Consensus; Counseling; Donor Selection; Embryo Disposition; Female; Genetic Testing; Health Status; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Oocyte Donation; Preconception Care; Pregnancy; Reproductive Medicine; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Semen; Tissue Donors
PubMed: 33838871
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.01.045 -
Andrology Jul 2017Beside cytotoxic drugs, other drugs can impact men's fertility through various mechanisms. Via the modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones or by... (Review)
Review
Beside cytotoxic drugs, other drugs can impact men's fertility through various mechanisms. Via the modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones or by non-hormonal mechanisms, drugs may directly and indirectly induce sexual dysfunction and spermatogenesis impairment and alteration of epididymal maturation. This systematic literature review summarizes existing data about the negative impact and associations of pharmacological treatments on male fertility (excluding cytotoxic drugs), with a view to making these data more readily available for medical staff. In most cases, these effects on spermatogenesis/sperm maturation/sexual function are reversible after the discontinuation of the drug. When a reprotoxic treatment cannot be stopped and/or when the impact on semen parameters/sperm DNA is potentially irreversible (Sulfasalazine Azathioprine, Mycophenolate mofetil and Methotrexate), the cryopreservation of spermatozoa before treatment must be proposed. Deleterious impacts on fertility of drugs with very good or good level of evidence (Testosterone, Sulfasalazine, Anabolic steroids, Cyproterone acetate, Opioids, Tramadol, GhRH analogues and Sartan) are developed.
Topics: Animals; Cryopreservation; DNA Damage; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Fertility; Fertility Preservation; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior; Sperm Banks; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 28622464
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12366 -
Nature Communications Mar 2022Centrosomal proteins are necessary components of the centrosome, a conserved eukaryotic organelle essential to the reproductive process. However, few centrosomal...
Centrosomal proteins are necessary components of the centrosome, a conserved eukaryotic organelle essential to the reproductive process. However, few centrosomal proteins have been genetically linked to fertility. Herein we identify a homozygous missense variant of CEP128 (c.665 G > A [p.R222Q]) in two infertile males. Remarkably, male homozygous knock-in mice harboring the orthologous CEP128 variant show anomalies in sperm morphology, count, and motility. Moreover, Cep128 knock-out mice manifest male infertility associated with disrupted sperm quality. We observe defective sperm flagella in both homozygous Cep128 KO and KI mice; the cilia development in other organs is normal-suggesting that CEP128 variants predominantly affected the ciliogenesis in the testes. Mechanistically, CEP128 is involved in male reproduction via regulating the expression of genes and/or the phosphorylation of TGF-β/BMP-signalling members during spermatogenesis. Altogether, our findings unveil a crucial role for CEP128 in male fertility and provide important insights into the functions of centrosomal proteins in reproductive biology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Sperm Motility; Spermatogenesis; Spermatozoa; Testis
PubMed: 35296684
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29109-7 -
Laboratory Animal Research 2020The cryopreservation of sperm and embryos is useful to efficiently archive valuable resources of genetically engineered mice. Till date, more than 60,000 strains of... (Review)
Review
The cryopreservation of sperm and embryos is useful to efficiently archive valuable resources of genetically engineered mice. Till date, more than 60,000 strains of genetically engineered mice have been archived in mouse banks worldwide. Researchers can request for the archived mouse strains for their research projects. The research infrastructure of mouse banks improves the availability of mouse resources, the productivity of research projects, and the reproducibility of animal experiments. Our research team manages the mouse bank at the Center for Animal Resources and Development in Kumamoto University and continuously develops new techniques in mouse reproductive technology to efficiently improve the system of mouse banking. In this review, we introduce the activities of mouse banks and the latest techniques used in mouse reproductive technology.
PubMed: 32963977
DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00066-w -
Cureus Nov 2022Sperm cryopreservation has been used as a sperm preservation solution for infertility issues faced by men undergoing cancer treatment for over 40 years. Recent... (Review)
Review
Sperm cryopreservation has been used as a sperm preservation solution for infertility issues faced by men undergoing cancer treatment for over 40 years. Recent developments in sperm cryopreservation and its wide variety of therapeutic uses are discussed in this article, which offers a succinct and up-to-date overview of the relevant literature. Recently, sperm cryopreservation has been employed for a wider variety of therapeutic purposes. As a result, sperm freezing is becoming available to a wider variety of patients, which requires more specialized personnel and increases overhead expenses. While sperm cryopreservation before cancer treatment is accessible in many countries, oncology doctors' referral rates and patient participation with cryopreservation services have been observed to be poor. In addition, there are still moral concerns with sperm banking, including whether or not donors' identities should be protected and whether or not a deceased person's sperm should be used after his or her death. This article discusses the recent developments in sperm cryopreservation technology and the moral questions that have arisen around this practice, with an eye toward how a deeper knowledge of these concerns can help more people get access to treatments that might help preserve their fertility. A sperm bank will notify clients about the screenings it does and the background information it gathers on individual donors to guarantee the safety and quality of the sperm they get. The viability and quantity of viable sperm in a thawed sample are often guaranteed by a sperm bank. They will look for very fertile males who can donate sperm that can withstand the freezing and thawing procedure. In many cases, sperm banks advertise their samples as having a certain number of viable sperm per milliliter, and they may provide many sample types for various applications (intracytoplasmic sperm injection and intrauterine insemination).
PubMed: 36523734
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31402 -
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology... May 2020Patients with severe oligospermia and nonobstructive azoospermia have very limited numbers of viable sperm in their epididymal and testicular samples. Thus,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Patients with severe oligospermia and nonobstructive azoospermia have very limited numbers of viable sperm in their epididymal and testicular samples. Thus, cryopreservation of their sperm is performed to avoid repeated sperm retrievals and to preserve their sperm from any side effects of any treatment regimens.
MAIN BODY
The development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection technology has extended the therapeutic capacity of assisted reproductive technology for men with azoospermia via the surgical or percutaneous isolation of sperm from the testis/epididymis. The conventional cryopreservation techniques are inadequate for preserving individually selected sperm. The technique for freezing single sperm was first developed in 1997 and has been explored from the perspective of frozen carriers, freezing programs, and cryoprotectant formulations. Among these methods, advances in frozen carriers have directly improved single-sperm freezing technology. In this review, we evaluate the different technologies for the cryopreservation of single sperm by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of different freezing methods, their clinical applications, and the outcomes for a range of frozen carriers.
CONCLUSION
Our review article describes the latest and current technologies implemented for the cryopreservation of single sperm that could potentially benefit patients with severe oligospermia and who rarely have any sperm in their ejaculate. This review provides a platform to understand the process and pitfalls of single-sperm cryopreservation to ensure further improvements in the cryopreservation technology in future studies.
Topics: Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Humans; Male; Semen Preservation; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Sperm Retrieval; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 32398019
DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00607-x -
Reproductive Medicine and Biology Oct 2021Facilities worldwide offering donor sperm insemination face sperm donor shortages. There are also known dangers of online information about sperm donation and using...
Facilities worldwide offering donor sperm insemination face sperm donor shortages. There are also known dangers of online information about sperm donation and using donated sperm to conceive without the involvement of medical professionals. Therefore, the authors investigated 140 Web sites retrieved by common Japanese search engines using sperm donation-related keywords. The authors assessed them according to criteria, but most were deemed unsafe (96.4%). Ultimately, 2 personal and 3 company Web sites provided adequate information. However, the personal Web sites lacked representative individual information and the company Web sites had issues including high costs, overseas location of facilities performing insemination, and possible non-Japanese origin of donated sperm.
PubMed: 34646084
DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12395 -
Environment International Jul 2021Previous epidemiological studies on the relationship between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and male reproductive hormones were mainly limited to a...
BACKGROUND
Previous epidemiological studies on the relationship between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and male reproductive hormones were mainly limited to a few legacy PFAS and ignored the possible mixture effects.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the associations of PFAS mixture, branched isomers and emerging alternatives of PFAS with male reproductive hormones.
METHODS
A total of 902 men (mean age: 31.3 years) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. We quantified 24 targeted PFAS, including 7 branched PFOS isomers, 2 branched PFOA isomers and 2 components of F-53B, in blood plasma. Five reproductive hormones, including total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin like factor 3 (INSL3), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in serum. Associations were first assessed by confounder-adjusted multiple linear regression while correcting for multiple comparisons. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and adaptive elastic net (AENET) were further used to assess mixture effects and the adjusted exposure response (ER) relationship of individual PFAS.
RESULTS
After adjusting for confounders, we found that PFAS mixture was significantly and inversely associated with E and E/TT, with perfluoro-n-undecanoic acid (PFuDA) being the major contributor. Although the associations between PFAS mixture and other hormones were non-significant, certain individual PFAS presented significant associations. Notably, perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and perfluoro-n-dodecanoic acid (PFDoA) were found to be significantly and inversely associated with INSL3, a unique indicator of Leydig cells function. Meanwhile, significant positive associations were found between perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and FSH and between PFuDA and LH. But the associations with branched isomers or F-53B were sporadic and inconsistent.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provided the evidence that PFAS mixture may reduce E level, and certain PFAS (i.e., PFTrDA and PFDoA) may have negative effects on Leydig cells function among young men. Additional studies are much needed to confirm our results and elucidate potential mechanisms.
Topics: Adult; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Bayes Theorem; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Fluorocarbons; Humans; Male; Sulfonic Acids
PubMed: 33744484
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106496 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022In China, numerous human sperm banks only perform three-generation family history evaluation to exclude genetic diseases with clinical symptoms; therefore, many...
BACKGROUND
In China, numerous human sperm banks only perform three-generation family history evaluation to exclude genetic diseases with clinical symptoms; therefore, many inherited risks cannot be detected before donor qualification even when a thorough genetic family history evaluation has been performed. Hence, the risk of recessive disease inheritance persists with the current eligibility guidelines in China regarding the donor selection process.
METHODS
Retrospective study that reviewed the genetic test analyses and clinical outcomes of young adult men who were qualified sperm donors at the Hunan Province Human Sperm Bank of China from January 1, 2018, to May 1, 2021. We included a total of 3231 qualified sperm donors: all donors underwent primary screening for thalassemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Whereafter, 278 of donors underwent genetic testing for specific genes, and 43 donors underwent whole exome sequencing.
RESULTS
2.4% of 3231 qualified sperm donors might have thalassemia and 1.4% might have G6PD deficiency. Sperm donors with thalassemia and G6PD deficiency would be eliminated. Specific gene testing identified 7 of the 278 donors (2.5%) as carriers of at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in a gene, including 1.9% of 154 donors (3/154) as carrier variants in α-Like or β-Like globin genes, 17.6% of 17 donors (3/17) as carrier variants in , 12.5% of 8 donors (1/8) as carrier variants in . In addition, among the 43 sperm donors carrying the 111 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, eight (18.6%) were carriers of pathogenic variants of the gene. The frequency, therefore, was approximately 1 in 5.
CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that used blood routine and RDT can make a preliminary screening of sperm donors, and special gene testing should be performed for sperm donors according to the regional incidence of specific genetic diseases. Meanwhile, whole exome sequencing can be used as a supplementary application in sperm donor genetic testing, and aid a successful and healthy pregnancy. However, industry guidelines must be modified to incorporate its use.
Topics: Female; Genetic Testing; Globins; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Semen; Sperm Banks; Spermatozoa; Thalassemia; Young Adult
PubMed: 36204111
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.942447 -
Endocrine Dec 2022Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy among young adult males. The etiology is multifactorial, and both environmental and genetic factors play an... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy among young adult males. The etiology is multifactorial, and both environmental and genetic factors play an essential role in the origin and development of this tumor. In particular, exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs), resulting from industrialization and urbanization, seems crucial both in pre-and postnatal life. However, the lack of long-term studies on a wide caseload and the difficulty in evaluating their toxic effects in vivo make it challenging to establish a causal link. This review aims to discuss the main human epidemiological studies currently available in the literature to define a possible association between these chemicals and TC.
METHODS
A comprehensive Medline/PubMed and Embase search was performed, selecting all relevant, peer-reviewed papers in English published from 2002 to January 2022. Other relevant papers were selected from the reference lists.
RESULTS
To date, literature evidence is limited due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of human studies and shows controversial data, highlighting the complexity of the topic. However, most human epidemiological studies seem to point toward a correlation between EEDs exposure and TC.
CONCLUSION
Although the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood, the role of EEDs in TC onset is plausible, but several factors, such as the individual genetic background, the exposure time, and the complex mechanism of action of these chemicals, do not allow defining the causal link with certainty and make further studies necessary to investigate this complex topic.
Topics: Male; Young Adult; Humans; Testicular Neoplasms; Endocrine Disruptors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Environmental Exposure
PubMed: 36036879
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03171-z