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Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Aug 1992From May 1985 through July 1990, 28 episodes of Vibrio vulnificus infection in 27 patients were encountered in five major hospitals in Taiwan. The ages of patients... (Review)
Review
From May 1985 through July 1990, 28 episodes of Vibrio vulnificus infection in 27 patients were encountered in five major hospitals in Taiwan. The ages of patients ranged from 19 to 76 years; the ratio of male to female patients was 2:1. Eighteen episodes manifested as bacteremia and eight as wound infections alone. One patient each developed gastroenteritis and pneumonia after nearly drowning. Twenty-three patients exhibited skin manifestations. Twenty patients had underlying diseases. All patients were treated with antibiotics, and 14 also underwent some form of surgical treatment (incision and drainage, fasciotomy, debridement, or amputation). Thirteen of the 28 episodes were preceded by precipitating factors; most were due to ingestion of seafood or exposure of abraded skin to salt water. Ten of the 18 septicemic patients died--most within 48 hours of hospitalization. One patient without bacteremia who had a wound infection died. Results of in vitro susceptibility studies suggested that ampicillin or a third-generation cephalosporin would be effective. Susceptibility to aminoglycosides was observed for greater than 90% of isolates. We recommend combined therapy with a third-generation cephalosporin or ampicillin and an aminoglycoside along with appropriate surgical therapy for the treatment of V. vulnificus infection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Taiwan; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 1520762
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/15.2.271 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023To evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in () infection.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in () infection.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis of patients with infection at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from January 1, 2020 to April 23, 2023 was conducted. 14 enrolled patients were diagnosed by culture or mNGS. The corresponding medical records were reviewed, and the clinical data analyzed included demographics, epidemiology laboratory findings, physical examination, symptoms at presentation, antibiotic and surgical treatment, and outcome.
RESULTS
In this study, 78.6% (11/14) patients had a history of marine trauma (including fish stab, shrimp stab, crab splints and fish hook wounds), 7.1% (1/14) had eaten seafood, and the remaining 14.3% (2/14) had no definite cause. Isolation of from clinical samples including blood, tissue, fester and secreta. 9 cases were positive for culture, 5 cases were detected synchronously by mNGS and got positive for . 85.7% (12/14) cases accepted surgical treatment, with 1 patient suffering finger amputated. 14 enrolled patients received appropriate antibiotic therapy, and all of them had recovered and discharged. 9 strains isolated in this study were sensitive to most beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, quinolones, etc.
CONCLUSION
infection is a common water-exposed disease in Zhuhai, which requires identification of a number of pathogens. Of severe infections with unknown pathogen, mNGS can be used simultaneously, and the potential to detect multiple pathogens is of great help in guiding treatment.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
PubMed: 38035326
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1210919 -
Southern Medical Journal Oct 2010It is not appreciated by most physicians that vibrio infections can be acquired from freshwater exposure. A case of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae urinary tract infection... (Review)
Review
It is not appreciated by most physicians that vibrio infections can be acquired from freshwater exposure. A case of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae urinary tract infection associated with freshwater exposure is reported. The potential for vibrios to grow in brachish water and for summer heat to cause evaporation leading to relative increased salinity in freshwater bodies and the broad geographic range of these occurrences to include North American and both eastern and western Europe is noted. A literature review of vibrio infection acquired from freshwater exposure and the relationship to these epidemiologic and pathophysiologic events is discussed.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Combinations; Female; Fresh Water; Humans; Seasons; Sulfadoxine; Texas; Trimethoprim; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio cholerae non-O1
PubMed: 20818301
DOI: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e3181efb938 -
Der Internist Aug 2021The abundance of non-cholera Vibrio spp. in the aquatic environment shows a positive correlation with water temperatures. Therefore, climate change has an important... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The abundance of non-cholera Vibrio spp. in the aquatic environment shows a positive correlation with water temperatures. Therefore, climate change has an important impact on the epidemiology of human infections with these pathogens. In recent years large outbreaks have been repeatedly observed during the summer months in temperate climate zones.
OBJECTIVE
To inform medical professionals about the potentially life-threatening diseases caused by non-cholera Vibrio spp.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Review of the current literature on infections with non-cholera Vibrio spp. in general and on the epidemiological situation in Germany in particular.
RESULTS
Non-cholera Vibrio spp. predominantly cause wound and ear infections after contact with contaminated seawater and gastroenteritis after consumption of undercooked seafood. As there have not been mandatory notification systems for these pathogens in Germany up to March 2020, a high number of unreported cases must be assumed. Immunosuppressed and chronically ill patients have a much higher risk for severe courses of diseases. If an infection with non-cholera Vibrio spp. is suspected anti-infective treatment should be promptly initiated and surgical cleansing is often necessary for wound and soft tissue infections.
CONCLUSION
Due to the ongoing global warming an increased incidence of human infections with non-cholera Vibrio spp. must be expected in the future. Medical professionals should be aware of these bacterial pathogens and the potentially life-threatening infections in order to enable timely diagnostics and treatment.
Topics: Germany; Humans; North Sea; Seawater; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 34269833
DOI: 10.1007/s00108-021-01086-x -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Dec 2020Aquatic animals are frequently threated by bacterial pathogens. The most economic and efficient protection against bacterial infection are through vaccine immunization....
Aquatic animals are frequently threated by bacterial pathogens. The most economic and efficient protection against bacterial infection are through vaccine immunization. The various serotypes of the pathogens, such as Vibrios, hurdle the development of the vaccines, especially polyvalent vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant bacterial ghost is a good candidate for multivalent vaccine. By expressing PhiX174 gene E alone or co-expressing the gene E with two genes encoding outer membrane proteins (VP1667 and VP2369) in V. parahaemolyticus, we generated the recombinant V. parahaemolyticus ghosts VPG and rVPGs respectively. Fish immunized with either VPG or rVPG showed increased survival against the infection by either V. parahaemolyticus or V. alginolyticus, with a better protective effect by immunization with rVPG. Our furthermore studies show that rVPG stimulates stronger innate immune responses by increasing the expression of tnfα, il1β, il6, il8 and il10 as well as that of c3b, lyz, and tlr5, the key players linking the innate and adaptive immune responses upon microbial stimulation. In summary, VPG and rVPG can protect zebrafish against the infection from at least two Vibrio species, suggesting its potential value for further aquaculture vaccines development.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Vaccines; Fish Diseases; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Zebrafish
PubMed: 33038509
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.009 -
European Journal of Clinical... Nov 2019Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the Vibrionaceae family. It represents a deadly opportunistic human pathogen which grows in water with the... (Review)
Review
Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the Vibrionaceae family. It represents a deadly opportunistic human pathogen which grows in water with the proper temperature and salinity, and is mostly acquired from seafood eating or direct contact. In susceptible individuals, a traumatic infection could be fatal, causing severe wound infection and even septic shock, and may require amputation. Global warming plays an important role in the geographical area expanding of Vibrio disease. The pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus-associated sepsis is very complex, including iron intake, cell injury, and adhesion-related protein and virulence regulation. Vibrio vulnificus infection mainly manifests clinical subtypes such as primary sepsis, traumatic infection, and gastroenteritis, with rapid symptom progression and signs of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). It is important to assess these pathogenetic mechanisms in order to select more appropriate measures to prevent and treat Vibrio vulnificus infections, including antibiotic usage and surgical intervention. In this work, we report a typical case of successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus, and review the epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanism, clinical characteristics, and treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection.
Topics: Aged; Amputation, Surgical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bites and Stings; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Female; Humans; Multiple Organ Failure; Treatment Outcome; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 31325061
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03629-5 -
JAMA Mar 2023
Topics: Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 36763351
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.0174 -
International Journal of Dermatology Jun 1989A life-threatening Vibrio vulnificus infection occurred in a 52-year-old Korean woman with hepatic cirrhosis. Four days after ingesting raw crab, the patient presented... (Review)
Review
A life-threatening Vibrio vulnificus infection occurred in a 52-year-old Korean woman with hepatic cirrhosis. Four days after ingesting raw crab, the patient presented to the hospital with nausea, vomiting, fever, hypotension, and hemorrhagic blistering of the left foot. Vibrio vulnificus was recovered from both her blood and a foot wound.
Topics: Female; Hawaii; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Middle Aged; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 2666323
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1989.tb01352.x -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Aug 2004Residents in Taiwan are often exposed to marine microorganisms through seafood and occupational exposure. The number of reported cases of infection attributable to this... (Review)
Review
Residents in Taiwan are often exposed to marine microorganisms through seafood and occupational exposure. The number of reported cases of infection attributable to this organism has increased since the first case was reported in 1985. The increasing number of cases may be caused by greater disease activity or improved recognition by clinicians or laboratory workers. We analyze a clinical-case series of 84 patients with Vibrio vulnificus infection from 1995 to 2000 and describe the molecular epidemiologic features of pathogens isolated from these patients. The spectrum of clinical manifestations and outcomes, options of antimicrobial therapy, and virulence mechanisms were investigated. Results of molecular typing of isolates from humans and marine environment in this country had a high genetic divergence among these isolates. Education and measures are needed to prevent this emerging disease.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Epidemiology; Prevalence; Taiwan; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus; Virulence
PubMed: 15496235
DOI: 10.3201/eid1008.040047 -
Journal of Aquatic Animal Health Mar 2019In September 2016, a marine fish farm operator in Selangor, Malaysia, reported a disease outbreak affecting juvenile hybrid groupers (Camouflage Grouper Epinephelus...
In September 2016, a marine fish farm operator in Selangor, Malaysia, reported a disease outbreak affecting juvenile hybrid groupers (Camouflage Grouper Epinephelus polyphekadion × Tiger Grouper E. fuscoguttatus). The average daily mortality was 120 fish, resulting in a cumulative mortality rate of 29% within 10 d. The affected hybrid groupers displayed lethargy, excessive mucus production, rotten fins, congestion of livers and kidneys, and enlargement of spleens. Microscopically, general congestion of the brains and internal organs was evident. Vibrio harveyi and V. alginolyticus were successfully isolated from the diseased fish. The isolated pathogens were found to be sensitive to oxytetracycline and tetracycline, but resistant towards ampicillin and vancomycin. Experimental infections using the isolated V. harveyi (10 CFU/mL), V. alginolyticus (10 CFU/mL), and concurrent infection by V. harveyi (10 CFU/mL) and V. alginolyticus (10 CFU/mL) in juvenile Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer resulted in 60, 100, and 100% mortality, respectively, within 240 h postinfection. The experimentally infected Asian Seabass demonstrated similar clinical signs and histopathological changes as the naturally infected hybrid groupers. However, concurrently infected fish demonstrated severe clinical signs and histopathological changes compared with single infections. These results suggest that both isolates of Vibrio are pathogenic to fish and responsible for the disease outbreak. However, concurrent infection involving V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi leads to a more devastating impact to the cultured fish. This is the first report of concurrent Vibrio infection in cultured marine fish in Malaysia.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Bass; Coinfection; Fish Diseases; Malaysia; Prevalence; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio alginolyticus
PubMed: 30536485
DOI: 10.1002/aah.10055