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Fish & Shellfish Immunology Feb 2020Bacterial infection severely impairs aquaculture development throughout the world. Despite the use of antibiotics to control bacterial infection, few other options are...
Bacterial infection severely impairs aquaculture development throughout the world. Despite the use of antibiotics to control bacterial infection, few other options are available especially in the area of complex ecosystem and various types of fish. In search for novel approaches in controlling bacterial infection, we adopt zebrafish, Danio reiro, as infection host and the bacteria, Vibrio alginolyticus, as pathogen to explore potential metabolites that boost host's capability to eliminate bacterial infection. By comparing the metabolome of dying fish, l-aspartic acid is a metabolite of differential abundance between the dying fish and surviving fish upon Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Exogenous l-aspartic acid increases fish survival rate from 46.67% to 76.67%. We further demonstrated that l-aspartic acid drives the production of nitrogen oxide that promotes phagocytosis. Whereas the inhibition of nitrogen oxide synthase would abolish l-aspartic acid-triggered phagocytosis as well as in vivo protective ability to V. alginolyticus. The importance of nitrogen oxide production in fish survival is also consistent with the observation in the dying fish that showed increased urea production but not nitrogen oxide. Thus, our results exemplify a novel approach in promoting fish survival in an eco-friendly way.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Female; Fish Diseases; Longevity; Male; Nitric Oxide; Phagocytosis; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio alginolyticus; Zebrafish
PubMed: 31866447
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.061 -
Southern Medical Journal Feb 2004
Topics: Animals; Humans; Incidence; Shellfish; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 14982256
DOI: 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000092520.47509.C2 -
Injury May 2007Penetrating injury by fish fins is common and often overlooked. Vibrio spp. are known worldwide for their virulence, quickly causing soft-tissue infection and lethal...
BACKGROUND
Penetrating injury by fish fins is common and often overlooked. Vibrio spp. are known worldwide for their virulence, quickly causing soft-tissue infection and lethal septicaemia. Vibrio infection following finning injury is rare, but can result in devastating complications in susceptible individuals.
AIM
To elucidate the clinical significance of such injury.
METHOD
Between July 2003 and September 2005, nine cases of Vibrio infection caused by finning injury to the hand were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data, including skin presentations, treatment course and outcomes, were collected and reviewed.
RESULTS
In our group of nine patients, seven had concurrent hepatoma, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, chronic renal insufficiency or the effects of long-term steroid use; three had wound infections manifested by cellulitis or tenosynovitis and six had life-threatening necrotising soft-tissue infections. Vibrio spp. were identified from the wound (n=4), blood (n=1), and both (n=4). Symptoms appeared within a few hours to 3 days after injury, with 50% of patients developing symptoms within 24h; three patients were hypotensive upon admission; one patient received antibiotic therapy only and eight required emergency fasciotomy. All patients survived and none required amputation. The mean hospital stay was 23.2 days.
CONCLUSIONS
Vibrio infections after finning injury can produce bacteraemic necrotising soft tissue-infections, especially in individuals with a systemic illness. Health education should include a recommendation to wear protective gloves while handling fish. Early antibiotic and surgical treatment can avoid potentially life-threatening complications.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Female; Fishes; Hand Injuries; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Soft Tissue Infections; Treatment Outcome; Vibrio Infections; Wound Infection; Wounds, Penetrating
PubMed: 16945371
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2006.04.134 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Mar 2023Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a devastating pathogen of clam Meretrix petechialis, which brings about huge economic losses in aquaculture breeding industry. In our previous...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a devastating pathogen of clam Meretrix petechialis, which brings about huge economic losses in aquaculture breeding industry. In our previous study, we have found that Vibrio infection is closely associated with lipid metabolism of clams. In this study, an untargeted lipidomics approach was used to explore the lipid profiling changes upon Vibrio infection. The results demonstrated that the hepatopancreas of clams was composed of five lipid categories including fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and sterol lipids. And the content of lipid classes altered during Vibrio infection, implying that Vibrio infection altered intracellular lipid homeostasis in clams. Meanwhile, a total of 200 lipid species including 82 up-regulated and 118 down-regulated significantly were identified in response to Vibrio infection, of which ceramide (Cer), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triglyceride (TG) accounted for the largest proportion. Notably, all Cers showed a significantly decreased trend while nearly all TG species were increased significantly during Vibrio infection, which suggested that Cer and TG could be determined as effective biomarkers. Furthermore, these differentially expressed lipid species were enriched in 20 metabolic pathways and sphingolipid metabolism was one of the most enriched pathways. These results evidenced how the lipid metabolism altered in the process of Vibrio infection and opened a new perspective on the response of marine bivalves to pathogen infection.
Topics: Animals; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Lipidomics; Bivalvia; Vibrio Infections; Lipids
PubMed: 36758655
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108602 -
Medicina 2022Vibrio vulnificus is one of the most virulent Vibrio species known. It is a bacterium with universal distribution. The first case registered in Uruguay occurred in 2001...
Vibrio vulnificus is one of the most virulent Vibrio species known. It is a bacterium with universal distribution. The first case registered in Uruguay occurred in 2001 and, since then, several infections have occurred per year. Recently, in this country, V. vulnificus was responsible for a fatal soft tissue infection. Although no cases of human infection with this species have been reported in Argentina, researchers have recently identified V. vulnificus in samples associated with microplankton in the Rio Negro estuary. We present the case of a severe skin and soft tissue infection by V. vulnificus from an open wound in a patient in contact with a marine aquatic environment on the coast of the River Plate, in Uruguay. Isolation of vibrios from wound specimens can cause rapidly progressing tissue damage, particularly V. vulnificus which has a high mortality rate without early and appropriate intervention. In our case, the rapid identification of the microorganism allowed us to support the empirical treatment used, which a good clinical evolution.
Topics: Humans; Soft Tissue Infections; Argentina; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 36571534
DOI: No ID Found -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jan 2023Aquaculture of the blood clam Tegillarca granosa accounts for approximately 50% of Arcidae (ark shell) production in China. Vibrio infection severely threatens the...
Aquaculture of the blood clam Tegillarca granosa accounts for approximately 50% of Arcidae (ark shell) production in China. Vibrio infection severely threatens the sustainability of the clam aquaculture industry. Exposure to Vibrio induces an immune response in blood clams. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, immune responses of hemocytes in blood clams were detected after Vibrio infection; the immersion method was used in vivo to mimic the clam's natural infection process. After 24 h of exposure to Vibrio infection, the Vibrio load in hemolymph fluid in both the treatment Ⅰ (25,033.33 ± 19,563.11 CFU/mL) and treatment Ⅱ (122,163.33 ± 194,409.49 CFU/mL) groups were significantly higher, than that in the control group (13.67 ± 37.73 CFU/mL) (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species was approximately 1.40 (treatment Ⅰ) and 2.12 (treatment Ⅱ) fold higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the induced DNA damage showed a similar trend (P < 0.05). Vibrio infection also significantly increased lysozyme content, adenosine triphosphate content, and peroxidase isozyme activity, in both the serum and hemocyte lysates (P < 0.05). The expression of immune-associated genes (ABCA3, c-Myc, Caspase 3, and HSP70) was upregulated under infection conditions. The phagocytic activity was approximately 1.99 (treatment Ⅰ) and 2.57 (treatment Ⅱ) fold that in control clams (P < 0.05). In addition, the total hemocyte count and red granulocyte percentage both significantly decreased by approximately 75-90% after Vibrio infection. These results provided novel insights into the mechanism of hemocyte immunity in T. granosa against Vibrio infection, which may aid in the future prevention and control of Vibrio infection in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Hemocytes; Arcidae; Vibrio; Bivalvia; Vibrio Infections; Immunity
PubMed: 36435369
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.035 -
The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery :... 1995Vibrio vulnificus is a potentially lethal marine bacterium that has not been previously described in podiatric literature. A review of the microorganism's... (Review)
Review
Vibrio vulnificus is a potentially lethal marine bacterium that has not been previously described in podiatric literature. A review of the microorganism's characteristics, susceptible patient population, and lower extremity manifestations of infection is presented. V. vulnificus is found as part of the normal flora of the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic, and Pacific coastal waters and is often isolated from the filter feeding shellfish of these regions. Its pathogenicity is generally reserved for the immunocompromised host, and is specifically related to disease states which exhibit high serum iron levels. V. vulnificus infections present in two distinct clinical syndromes: primary sepsis secondary to raw oyster ingestion, or localized infection from wound exposure to V. vulnificus-inhabited salt water. Both syndromes demonstrate characteristic skin lesions of the trunk and extremities that present as hemorrhagic bullae and progress to necrotic ulcerations. Although V. vulnificus infection is rare, its extreme virulence in patients suffering from a chronic disease process and its manifestation of characteristic lower-extremity lesions require the podiatric physician to be able to recognize and treat such a condition.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Foot Diseases; Humans; Oceans and Seas; Opportunistic Infections; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 7488992
DOI: 10.1016/S1067-2516(09)80004-5 -
Archives of Internal Medicine Aug 1988We report a case of Vibrio vulnificus infection in a middle-aged alcoholic man with Laennec's cirrhosis. The patient had recently received a puncture wound from the...
We report a case of Vibrio vulnificus infection in a middle-aged alcoholic man with Laennec's cirrhosis. The patient had recently received a puncture wound from the shell of a shrimp while fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. He presented with acrally distributed urticarial plaques, purpura, and bullae, as well as signs and symptoms of septic shock. Vibrio vulnificus was isolated from the blood, and histologic examination of the skin biopsy specimen demonstrated a devitalized, inflammatory, cell-poor superficial dermis and an acute cellulitis of the subcutis, with extensive tissue destruction. In addition, a necrotizing vasculitis, with a relative paucity of inflammatory cells but numerous bacilli around dermal vessels, was noted.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sepsis; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 3401105
DOI: No ID Found -
Cell Reports Nov 2023The losses caused by Vibrio infections in the aquaculture industry are challenging to quantify. In the face of antibiotic resistance, a natural and environmentally...
The losses caused by Vibrio infections in the aquaculture industry are challenging to quantify. In the face of antibiotic resistance, a natural and environmentally friendly alternative is urgently needed. In this study, we identify E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF103 (rnf103) as a crucial target involved in immune evasion by Vibrio anguillarum. Our research demonstrates that Rnf103 promotes immune escape by inhibiting Traf6. Interestingly, we discover a circular RNA (circRNA), circRnf103, formed by reverse splicing of the Rnf103 gene. Predictive analysis and experimentation reveal that circRnf103 encodes Rnf103-177aa, a protein that competes with Rnf103 and binds to Traf6, preventing its degradation. Notably, circRnf103 therapy induces Rnf103-177aa protein production in zebrafish. In zebrafish models, circRnf103 exhibits significant effectiveness in treating V. anguillarum infections, reducing organ burden. These findings highlight the potential of circRNA therapy as a natural and innovative approach to combat infectious diseases sustainably, particularly in aquaculture and environmental management.
Topics: Animals; RNA, Circular; Zebrafish; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio; Fish Diseases
PubMed: 37874674
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113314 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Dec 2023Production of sterile fishes through artificial retention of a third set of chromosomes (triploidy) is a sustainable alternative for aquaculture since it reduces escapee...
Production of sterile fishes through artificial retention of a third set of chromosomes (triploidy) is a sustainable alternative for aquaculture since it reduces escapee pressure on wild populations. However, these fishes have reduced survival in stressful conditions and in response to infection. In this study, the impact of Vibrio anguillarum infection on diploid and triploid Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was investigated to identify if there was any significant immune regulation by microRNAs (miRNA). Small RNAs from hindgut, head kidney, and spleen were sequenced to determine if miRNA transcript abundance was altered due to ploidy and infection in nine-month old full-sibling diploids and triploids. All three tissues had differentially expressed miRNA prior to infection, indicating subtle changes in epigenetic regulation due to increased ploidy. Additionally, miRNA were altered by infection, but there was only a difference in spleen miRNA expression between diploids and triploids at three days of infection. Furthermore, one miRNA (ssa-miR-2188-3p) was confirmed as having an altered response to infection in triploids compared to diploids, implicating potential immune dysregulation due to increased ploidy. The miRNAs identified in this study are predicted to target immune pathways, providing evidence for their importance in regulating responses to pathogens. This study is the first to investigate how increased ploidy alters miRNA expression in response to infection. Additionally, it provides evidence for epigenetic dysregulation in triploid fishes, which may contribute to their poor performance in response to stress.
Topics: Animals; Triploidy; Diploidy; Salmon; MicroRNAs; Epigenesis, Genetic; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 37634278
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101121