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The Western Journal of Medicine Mar 1974Vibrio fetus, a slowly growing, microaerophilic, Gram-negative rod which causes infectious abortion in cattle, occasionally induces disease in man. Since persons...
Vibrio fetus, a slowly growing, microaerophilic, Gram-negative rod which causes infectious abortion in cattle, occasionally induces disease in man. Since persons receiving immunosuppressive agents are among those most susceptible to this infection, recognition of the disease may become increasingly important as transplantation operations increase. Vibrio infections may produce a spectrum of acute and chronic illnesses or may be asymptomatic. Vibriosis may develop at any age but it seems most devastating in the very young or in older debilitated patients. The organism is sensitive to many common antibiotics but has a propensity to produce chronic relapsing illness if treatment is not continued long enough. The method of transmission of the agent is uncertain. Fewer than 100 cases of human vibriosis have been reported, perhaps because of fastidious growth requirements and the initial ease of antibiotic suppression; however, the true incidence of human infection is likely much higher.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; California; Campylobacter fetus; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Leukocyte Count; Male; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 4816399
DOI: No ID Found -
Infection Control : IC Oct 1987V vulnificus is a halophilic or salt-requiring vibrio that has been isolated repeatedly from seawater and shellfish in coastal waters. This vibrio, first described by...
V vulnificus is a halophilic or salt-requiring vibrio that has been isolated repeatedly from seawater and shellfish in coastal waters. This vibrio, first described by Hollis et al in 1976, can be differentiated from other similar vibrios by its ability to ferment lactose and by its lower tolerance for sodium chloride. V vulnificus, unlike most other vibrios, has seldom been incriminated as a cause of gastroenteritis but is a particularly virulent organism that causes severe wound infections in mostly healthy persons, or causes primary septicemia in persons with an underlying chronic disease, particularly chronic liver disease. Wound infections may range from relatively mild to severe and rapidly progressive cellulitis and myositis. Approximately 50% of patients with wound infections have some type of chronic underlying disease and the mortality rate is in the range of 15%. Wound infections are almost always associated with contact with seawater or the handling or cleaning of shellfish. Patients with primary septicemia have fever, chills, and prostration, and rapidly become hypotensive. Over 70% have distinctive bullous skin lesions that can strongly suggest the diagnosis in a patient with the appropriate history. The mortality rate is over 50%. There is a striking association between eating raw oysters and primary septicemia, with patients usually reporting having eaten raw oysters (or other shellfish) 24 to 48 hours before onset of symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Food Microbiology; Humans; Sepsis; Shellfish; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Water Microbiology; Wound Infection
PubMed: 3667122
DOI: 10.1017/s0195941700066625 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Mar 2022infection is a highly fatal disease resulting from the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood and exposure to seawater containing the organism. It has been a...
BACKGROUND
infection is a highly fatal disease resulting from the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood and exposure to seawater containing the organism. It has been a nationally notifiable disease since 2000 in Korea. The aims of this study were to assess the trends in the incidence of infection and its case fatality rate and to determine the epidemiologic characteristics to effectively prevent infection and lower mortality.
METHODS
We analyzed the incidence trends of infection by year, month, and region in 913 cases reported to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC, currently Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency) by the National Infectious Disease Surveillance System from 2001 to 2016. We analyzed the number of patients with infection who were under the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and whose coastal seawater temperature data were provided by the Korea Oceanographic Data Center of the National Institute of Fisheries Science. Epidemiological investigations were followed up and analyzed for 761 patients from 2003 to 2016. A total of 152 patients who were not followed up were excluded from the analysis. The case fatality rate was analyzed for 325 cases reported to the KCDC from 2011 to 2016.
RESULTS
The mean incidence of infection was 0.12 per 100,000 people, and the highest incidence was reported in September (41.1%) during the study period. The incidence rate per 100,000 people was the highest in Jeonnam (8.23). The number of patients who claimed to the NHIS was the highest in September (105 patients). The average seawater temperature was the highest at 24.1°C in August, and the average seawater temperature from August to October, when many cases occurred, was 22.4°C. The male-to-female ratio was 6:1, and 96.4% of the patients were aged ≥ 40 years. Of the patients, 96.1% had underlying diseases, the most common of which was liver cirrhosis (56.3%). The case fatality rate was 48.9%.
CONCLUSION
The occurrence of infection showed distinct seasonality, with a large number of cases occurring in the months when the seawater temperature was high; there were also distinct geographical characteristics. The incidence of infection and mortality rates have not decreased for decades, and it is still an important public health problem with a high fatality rate.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Databases, Factual; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Republic of Korea; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 35257530
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e79 -
Environmental Microbiology Dec 2021Vibrio spp. thrive in warm water and moderate salinity, and they are associated with aquatic invertebrates, notably crustaceans and zooplankton. At least 12 Vibrio spp.... (Review)
Review
Vibrio spp. thrive in warm water and moderate salinity, and they are associated with aquatic invertebrates, notably crustaceans and zooplankton. At least 12 Vibrio spp. are known to cause infection in humans, and Vibrio cholerae is well documented as the etiological agent of pandemic cholera. Pathogenic non-cholera Vibrio spp., e.g., Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, cause gastroenteritis, septicemia, and other extra-intestinal infections. Incidence of vibriosis is rising globally, with evidence that anthropogenic factors, primarily emissions of carbon dioxide associated with atmospheric warming and more frequent and intense heatwaves, significantly influence environmental parameters, e.g., temperature, salinity, and nutrients, all of which can enhance growth of Vibrio spp. in aquatic ecosystems. It is not possible to eliminate Vibrio spp., as they are autochthonous to the aquatic environment and many play a critical role in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Risk prediction models provide an early warning that is essential for safeguarding public health. This is especially important for regions of the world vulnerable to infrastructure instability, including lack of 'water, sanitation, and hygiene' (WASH), and a less resilient infrastructure that is vulnerable to natural calamity, e.g., hurricanes, floods, and earthquakes, and/or social disruption and civil unrest, arising from war, coups, political crisis, and economic recession. Incorporating environmental, social, and behavioural parameters into such models allows improved prediction, particularly of cholera epidemics. We have reported that damage to WASH infrastructure, coupled with elevated air temperatures and followed by above average rainfall, promotes exposure of a population to contaminated water and increases the risk of an outbreak of cholera. Interestingly, global predictive risk models successful for cholera have the potential, with modification, to predict diseases caused by other clinically relevant Vibrio spp. In the research reported here, the focus was on environmental parameters associated with incidence and distribution of clinically relevant Vibrio spp. and their role in disease transmission. In addition, molecular methods designed for detection and enumeration proved useful for predictive modelling and are described, namely in the context of prediction of environmental conditions favourable to Vibrio spp., hence human health risk.
Topics: Environment; Humans; Incidence; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 34390611
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15716 -
Epidemiology and Infection May 2017Vibrio alginolyticus causes soft tissue and bloodstream infection; little systematically collected clinical and epidemiological information is available. In the USA, V....
Vibrio alginolyticus causes soft tissue and bloodstream infection; little systematically collected clinical and epidemiological information is available. In the USA, V. alginolyticus infections are reported to the Cholera and Other Vibrio Illness Surveillance system. Using data from 1988 to 2012, we categorised infections using specimen source and exposure history, analysed case characteristics, and calculated incidence rates using US Census Bureau data. Most (96%) of the 1331 V. alginolyticus infections were from coastal states. Infections of the skin and ear were most frequent (87%); ear infections occurred more commonly in children, lower extremity infections more commonly in older adults. Most (86%) infections involved water activity. Reported incidence of infections increased 12-fold over the study period, although the extent of diagnostic or surveillance bias is unclear. Prevention efforts should target waterborne transmission in coastal areas and provider education to promote more rapid diagnosis and prevent complications.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; United States; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio alginolyticus; Young Adult
PubMed: 28202099
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268817000140 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Nov 2022Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes serious economic losses to the shrimp farming industry. There is still a lack of adequate understanding of the changes in the overall...
Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes serious economic losses to the shrimp farming industry. There is still a lack of adequate understanding of the changes in the overall response of N. denticulata sinensis caused by V. parahaemolyticus, particularly with respect to gill tissue, which is severely damaged by the pathogen. In this study, a total of 1358 differentially expressed genes were identified between the PBS control and Vibrio stimulation groups using transcriptome sequencing techniques. After further screening and analysis, many immune-related genes were obtained, involving lysosome pathway, metabolic process, chitin-binding protein, and serine protease family members. In addition, we randomly selected six DEGs in the lysosome pathway for qRT-PCR verification, and the results showed that their expression patterns were consistent with the RNA-seq. The results demonstrate the molecular regulation of the gill tissue response to V. parahaemolyticus infection in N. denticulata sinensis, contributing to the understand of the complex and efficient innate immune system and defense mechanisms in crustaceans.
Topics: Animals; Chitin; Decapoda; Gene Expression Profiling; Gills; Immunity, Innate; RNA-Seq; Serine Proteases; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 36154891
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.049 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Jun 1971
Topics: Abortion, Septic; Adult; Australia; Autopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Pregnancy; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 5565142
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1971.tb92386.x -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2017Members of the Vibrio genus are autochthonous inhabitants of aquatic environments and play vital roles in sustaining the aquatic milieu. The genus comprises about 100... (Review)
Review
Members of the Vibrio genus are autochthonous inhabitants of aquatic environments and play vital roles in sustaining the aquatic milieu. The genus comprises about 100 species, which are mostly of marine or freshwater origin, and their classification is frequently updated due to the continuous discovery of novel species. The main route of transmission of Vibrio pathogens to man is through drinking of contaminated water and consumption inadequately cooked aquatic food products. In sub-Saharan Africa and much of the developing world, some rural dwellers use freshwater resources such as rivers for domestic activities, bathing, and cultural and religious purposes. This review describes the impact of inadequately treated sewage effluents on the receiving freshwater resources and the associated risk to the rural dwellers that depends on the water. Vibrio infections remain a threat to public health. In the last decade, Vibrio disease outbreaks have created alertness on the personal, economic, and public health uncertainties associated with the impact of contaminated water in the aquatic environment of sub-Saharan Africa. In this review, we carried out an overview of Vibrio pathogens in rural water resources in Sub-Saharan Africa and the implication of Vibrio pathogens on public health. Continuous monitoring of Vibrio pathogens among environmental freshwater and treated effluents is expected to help reduce the risk associated with the early detection of sources of infection, and also aid our understanding of the natural ecology and evolution of Vibrio pathogens.
Topics: Africa South of the Sahara; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Fresh Water; Humans; Rural Population; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Water Pollutants
PubMed: 28991153
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101188 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2010In developing countries, the fraction of treated wastewater effluents being discharged into watersheds have increased over the period of time, which have led to the... (Review)
Review
In developing countries, the fraction of treated wastewater effluents being discharged into watersheds have increased over the period of time, which have led to the deteriorations of the qualities of major rivers in developing nations. Consequently, high densities of disease causing bacteria in the watersheds are regularly reported including incidences of emerging Vibrio fluvialis. Vibrio fluvialis infection remains among those infectious diseases posing a potentially serious threat to public health. This paper addresses the epidemiology of this pathogen; pathogenesis of its disease; and its clinical manifestations in humans.
Topics: Public Health Practice; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 21139853
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph7103628 -
Ostomy/wound Management Apr 2009Vibrio alginolyticus is a halophilic Gram-negative bacterium normally present in seawater. Vibrios are not capable of cutaneous invasion through intact skin and their... (Review)
Review
Vibrio alginolyticus is a halophilic Gram-negative bacterium normally present in seawater. Vibrios are not capable of cutaneous invasion through intact skin and their isolation from extraintestinal sites is uncommon. However, interruptions in skin integrity (cuts or abrasions) can allow these bacteria to cause complicated skin and soft tissues infections. This case study describes the clinical assessment and management of a nonhealing traumatic wound, sustained in a coastal area during the winter months, in a healthy 70-year-old man. Culture results were positive for V. alginolyticus. Appropriate antibiotic treatment and topical wound care successfully resolved the infection. V. alginolyticus infections are usually benign; respond well to treatment, even with local therapy only; and tend to result from contact with warm ocean water. The clinical characteristics of the wound prompted a suspicion of a Vibrio infection even though the wound was sustained in the winter time and the patient did not have direct contact with ocean water. Although other case studies of Vibrio infections in the absence of direct contact with ocean water have been published, increased ocean temperatures due to global climate changes may explain the out-of-season infection in this patient. Clinicians should monitor the progression of wound healing and be prepared to modify treatment based on individual circumstances, especially in the case of unusual wound presentation, nonhealing, or a progressing wound infection.
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; DNA, Bacterial; Greenhouse Effect; Humans; Leg Injuries; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Risk Factors; Seasons; Seawater; Skin Care; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio alginolyticus; Water Microbiology; Wound Healing; Wound Infection; Wounds, Penetrating
PubMed: 19387097
DOI: No ID Found