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Microbial Biotechnology May 2020Vibrio alginolyticus threatens both humans and marine animals, but hosts respond to V. alginolyticus infection is not fully understood. Here, functional metabolomics was...
Vibrio alginolyticus threatens both humans and marine animals, but hosts respond to V. alginolyticus infection is not fully understood. Here, functional metabolomics was adopted to investigate the metabolic differences between the dying and surviving zebrafish upon V. alginolyticus infection. Tryptophan was identified as the most crucial metabolite, whose abundance was decreased in the dying group but increased in the survival group as compared to control group without infection. Concurrently, the dying zebrafish displayed excessive immune response and produced higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, exogenous tryptophan reverted dying rate through metabolome re-programming, thereby enhancing the survival from V. alginolyticus infection. It is preceded by the following mechanism: tryptophan fluxed into the glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), promoted adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and further increased the generation of NADPH. Meanwhile, tryptophan decreased NADPH oxidation. These together ameliorate ROS, key molecules in excessive immune response. This is further supported by the event that the inhibition of pyruvate metabolism and TCA cycle by inhibitors decreased D. reiro survival. Thus, our data indicate that tryptophan is a key metabolite for the host to fight against V. alginolyticus infection, representing an alternative strategy to treat bacterial infection in an antibiotic-independent way.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fish Diseases; Metabolome; Oxidation-Reduction; Tryptophan; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio alginolyticus; Zebrafish
PubMed: 32212318
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13553 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2016We present a case of a 40-year-old man with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis presenting with atraumatic cellulitis of one extremity and severe sepsis that rapidly...
We present a case of a 40-year-old man with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis presenting with atraumatic cellulitis of one extremity and severe sepsis that rapidly progressed to compartment syndrome despite broad-spectrum antibiotics. Local cultures following debridement revealed Vibrio vulnificus, and subsequent history revealed consumption of raw oysters 48 h before presentation. Our case points out the unique susceptibility of those with cirrhosis and elevated iron saturation to Vibrio septicaemia, as well as the rapidity and severity of the disease progression.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Ciprofloxacin; Debridement; Doxycycline; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Ostreidae; Raw Foods; Sepsis; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 27151052
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-214772 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jun 1960
Topics: Campylobacter fetus; Fetus; Humans; Male; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 14408413
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM196006162622404 -
Microbiome Oct 2023Shrimp cultured in a biofloc system (BFS) have a lower disease incidence than those farmed in a water exchange system (WES). Although a number of studies have reported...
BACKGROUND
Shrimp cultured in a biofloc system (BFS) have a lower disease incidence than those farmed in a water exchange system (WES). Although a number of studies have reported that the gut bacterial community induced by BFS is highly associated with shrimp disease resistance, the causal relationship remains unknown. Here, the promotive roles of gut bacterial community induced by BFS in pathogenic Vibrio infection resistance and its potential micro-ecological and physiological mechanisms were investigated by gut bacterial consortium transplantation and synthetic community (SynCom) construction.
RESULTS
The BFS induced a more stable and resistant gut bacterial community, and significantly enriched some beneficial bacterial taxa, such as Paracoccus, Ruegeria, Microbacterium, Demequina, and Tenacibaculum. Transplantation of a gut bacterial consortium from BFS shrimp (Enrich) greatly enhanced the stability of the bacterial community and resistance against pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus infection in WES shrimp, while transplantation of a gut bacterial consortium from WES shrimp significantly disrupted the bacterial community and increased pathogen susceptibility in both WES and BFS shrimp. The addition of Enrich in shrimp postlarvae also improved the pathogen resistance through increasing the relative abundances of beneficial bacterial taxa and stability of bacterial community. The corresponding strains of five beneficial bacterial taxa enriched in BFS shrimp were isolated to construct a SynCom. The addition of SynCom could not only suppress disease development, but also improve shrimp growth, boost the digestive and immune activities, and restore health in diseased shrimp. Furthermore, the strains of SynCom well colonized shrimp gut to maintain a high stability of bacterial community.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study reveals an important role for native microbiota in protecting shrimp from bacterial pathogens and provides a micro-ecological regulation strategy towards the development of probiotics to ameliorate aquatic animal diseases. Video Abstract.
Topics: Animals; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Penaeidae; Bacteria; Vibrio Infections; Aquaculture
PubMed: 37858205
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01663-2 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Sep 2023Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is known to cause severe bacterial diseases with high mortality rates in fish, resulting in significant economic losses in the global...
Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is known to cause severe bacterial diseases with high mortality rates in fish, resulting in significant economic losses in the global aquaculture industry. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a safe and effective vaccine for protecting Carassius auratus (C. auratus) against V. mimicus infection. Recombinant Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) strains, Lc-pPG-612-OmpU and Lc-pPG-612-OmpU-CTB (surface-displayed), were constructed using a L. casei strain (ATCC 393) as an antigen delivery carrier and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as an adjuvant. The two recombinant strains of L. casei were administered to C. auratus via oral immunization, and the protective efficacy of the oral vaccines was assessed. The results demonstrated that oral immunization with the two strains significantly increased the levels of nonspecific immune indicators in C. auratus, including alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LYS), acid phosphatase (ACP), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), lectin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, the experiment groups exhibited significant increases in specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against OmpU, as well as the transcription of immune-related genes (ie., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β), when compared to the control groups. Following infection of C. auratus with V. mimicus, the mortality rate of the recombinant L. casei-treated fish was observed to be lower compared to the control group. This finding suggests that recombinant L. casei demonstrates effective protection against V. mimicus infection in C. auratus. Furthermore, the addition of the immune adjuvant CTB was found to induce a more robust adaptive and innate immune response in C. auratus, resulting in reduced mortality after infection with V. mimicus.
Topics: Animals; Goldfish; Vibrio mimicus; Carps; Bacterial Vaccines; Vibrio Infections; Lacticaseibacillus casei
PubMed: 37481101
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108973 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024The interaction between environmental factors and Vibrio in bivalves is not well understood, despite the widely held belief that pathogen infection and seawater...
The interaction between environmental factors and Vibrio in bivalves is not well understood, despite the widely held belief that pathogen infection and seawater temperature significantly impact summer mortality. In the present study, we conducted simulated experiments to explore the effects of high temperature and Vibrio infection on the clam Meretrix petechialis. The survival curve analysis revealed that the combined challenge of high temperature and Vibrio infection (31°C-vibrio) led to significantly higher clam mortality compared to the groups exposed solely to Vibrio (27°C-vibrio), high temperature (31°C-control), and the control condition (27°C-control). Furthermore, PCoA analysis of 11 immune genes indicated that Vibrio infection predominated during the incubation period, with a gradual equilibrium between these factors emerging during the course of the infection. Additionally, our investigations into apoptosis and autophagy processes exhibited significant induction of mTOR and Bcl2 of the 31°C-vibrio group in the early challenge stage, followed by inhibition in the later stage. Oxidative stress analysis demonstrated a substantial additive effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) content in the combined challenge group compared to the control group. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a significant increase in differentially expressed genes related to immunity, such as complement C1q-like protein, C-type lectin, big defensin, and lysozyme, in the 31°C-vibrio group, suggesting that the synergistic effect of high temperature and Vibrio infection triggers more robust antibacterial immune responses. These findings provide critical insights for understanding the infection process and uncovering the causes of summer mortality.
Topics: Animals; Bivalvia; Oxidative Stress; Vibrio; Apoptosis; Hot Temperature; Seasons; Immunity, Innate; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 38579976
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109542 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Aug 2002
Topics: Animals; Food Handling; Humans; Sepsis; Shellfish; Tilapia; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections; Virulence; Wound Infection
PubMed: 12183871
DOI: No ID Found -
The Medical Journal of Australia Jan 1984A patient, who had been receiving treatment for refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts for three years, developed septic shock due to Vibrio vulnificus...
A patient, who had been receiving treatment for refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts for three years, developed septic shock due to Vibrio vulnificus septicaemia. The infection was believed to have been introduced with the ingestion of raw oysters. This organism is comparatively rare, but it can cause serious infection, and is known to be capable of very rapid tissue invasion.
Topics: Female; Food Contamination; Humans; Middle Aged; Sepsis; Shellfish; Shock, Septic; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 6749004
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1984.tb103840.x -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Sep 2017Gut microbiota plays fundamental roles in protection against pathogen invasion. However, the mechanism and extent of responses of gut microbiota to pathogenic infection...
Gut microbiota plays fundamental roles in protection against pathogen invasion. However, the mechanism and extent of responses of gut microbiota to pathogenic infection are poorly understood. This study investigated the gut bacterial communities and immune responses of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) upon exposure to Vibrio anguillarum. The succession of V. anguillarum infection was evidenced by increased expression of immune genes and bacterial loads in ayu tissues, which in turn altered the composition and predicted functions of gut bacterial community. The dynamics of gut bacterial diversity and evenness were temporally stable in control ayu but were reduced in infected subjects, particularly at the late stages of infection. Variations in the gut microbiota were significantly associated with the expression levels of TNF-α (P = 0.019) and IL-1 β (P = 0.013). The profiles of certain gut bacterial taxa were indicative of V. anguillarum infection. Compared with healthy controls, the ayu infected with V. anguillarum possessed less complex, fewer connected, and lower cooperative gut bacterial interspecies interaction, coinciding with significant shifts in keystone species. These findings imply that V. anguillarum infection substantially disrupted the compositions and interspecies interaction of ayu gut bacterial community, thereby altering gut microbial-mediated functions and inducing host immune responses. This study provides an integrated overview on the interaction between the gut microbiota and host immune responses to pathogen infection from an ecological perspective.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity, Innate; Osmeriformes; Random Allocation; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 28756287
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.054 -
Environmental Health : a Global Access... May 2020Vibrio growth in the environment is related to sea surface temperature (SST). The incidence of human Vibrio illness increased sharply in British Columbia (BC) between...
BACKGROUND
Vibrio growth in the environment is related to sea surface temperature (SST). The incidence of human Vibrio illness increased sharply in British Columbia (BC) between 2008 and 2015 for unknown reasons, culminating in the largest outbreak of shellfish-associated Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in Canadian history in 2015. Our objective was to assess the relationship between SST and Vibrio illness in BC, Canada during 1992-2017 and assess the role of SST and other environmental factors in the 2015 Vp outbreak.
METHODS
Cases of Vibrio infection reported to the BC Centre for Disease Control during 1992-2017 were used. SST data were obtained from NOAA and NASA. We assessed changes in incidence trend of annual Vibrio cases during 1992-2017 using a Poisson regression. We assessed the correlation between annual Vibrio cases and the average annual maximum SST using a Spearman rank-order correlation. We modeled the association between weekly Vp case counts, SST and other environmental factors during 2007-2017 using a Poisson regression.
RESULTS
There was a significant increase in Vibrio cases between 2008 and 2015 (annual slope = 0.163, P < 0.001). Increased Vibrio incidence was observed in most El Niño years. There was a significant correlation between annual Vibrio cases and maximum SST from 1992 to 2017 (r = 0.46, P = 0.018). Our model captured observed seasonal variation in shellfish-associated Vp in most years, but underestimated the 2015 Vp outbreak.
CONCLUSIONS
Vibrio incidence has been increasing concurrently with increasing SST in BC during 2008-2015. The 2015 Vp outbreak was not fully explained by climatic factors and may in part have been associated with other factors. Vp subtyping would be useful in the future to understand the combined effects of SST changes and strain emergence.
Topics: British Columbia; Disease Outbreaks; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Incidence; Seafood; Seasons; Seawater; Temperature; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 32460848
DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00605-x