-
Dermatologic Clinics Apr 2003V. vulnificus is an uncommon cause of soft tissue infection and primary septicemia, especially in patients with hepatic disease or who patients who are... (Review)
Review
V. vulnificus is an uncommon cause of soft tissue infection and primary septicemia, especially in patients with hepatic disease or who patients who are immunocompromised. The mortality of infection in these patients is extremely high despite timely antibiotic therapy. It is important to consider the possibility of infection with V. vulnificus in patients who present with high fever and rapidly progressive sepsis and have a history of consumption of raw seafood (especially oysters) or exposure of open wounds in a marine environment. Public education regarding the risk of raw seafood consumption is essential to preventing infection with this virulent pathogen.
Topics: Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 12757246
DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(02)00088-8 -
Microbiology and Immunology Oct 2012Vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium known to cause fatal necrotizing soft tissue infection in humans. Here, a remarkable therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on V....
Vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium known to cause fatal necrotizing soft tissue infection in humans. Here, a remarkable therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on V. vulnificus infection provoked by its injection into mouse footpads is described. HBO was shown to be bactericidal to this bacterium in vitro as well as in the infected tissue. The bactericidal activity of HBO was shown to be due to reactive oxygen species (ROS), the efficacy of HBO against V. vulnificus infection being accounted for by the high sensitivity of this bacterium to ROS. Besides being somewhat weak in ROS-inactivating enzyme activities, this bacterium is also unusually sensitive to ultraviolet light and other DNA-damaging agents. It seems likely that the sensitivity of V. vulnificus to HBO is mainly due to its poor ability to repair oxidative damage to DNA. These findings encourage clinical application of HBO against potentially fatal V. vulnificus infection in humans.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Load; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Mice; Microbial Viability; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Reactive Oxygen Species; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 22775062
DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2012.00491.x -
Journal of the American Academy of... May 2002Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacteria that can cause septicemia, wound infection, or a self-limiting diarrhea. This infection typically presents as an extremely... (Review)
Review
Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacteria that can cause septicemia, wound infection, or a self-limiting diarrhea. This infection typically presents as an extremely virulent infection in patients with underlying liver disease 1 to 2 days after exposure. We report a case of V vulnificus septicemia, cellulitis, and leg ulceration in a patient who had symptoms develop after exposure to brackish water (19 days before admission) or after ingestion of raw oysters (10 days before admission). The longest incubation period previously reported is 6 days. The diagnosis was made from identification of the bacteria from blood cultures. No organisms were seen or grown in culture from the skin biopsy specimen, which showed epidermal necrosis and dermal and subcutaneous neutrophilic abscess. We review 13 cases of V vulnificus septicemia and leg ulcers and their approximate incubation time.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Bacteremia; Ceftazidime; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Leg Ulcer; Male; Ostreidae; Tobramycin; Treatment Outcome; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 12004295
DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2002.107778 -
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms Oct 2021Quorum sensing (QS) is a type of cell to cell communication in bacteria that can also regulate the virulence potential in pathogenic strains. Hence, QS disruption, i.e....
Quorum sensing (QS) is a type of cell to cell communication in bacteria that can also regulate the virulence potential in pathogenic strains. Hence, QS disruption, i.e. the quorum quenching (QQ) mechanism, is presently being explored as a novel bio-control strategy to counter bacterial infections. In the present study, we characterized the QQ ability of Bacillus spp. strains to reduce the expression of some virulence factors of a shrimp pathogen, Vibrio harveyi. We screened a total of 118 spore-forming bacterial isolates from aquaculture ponds and mangrove soil for their ability to degrade the synthetic N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) C4-HSL, C6-HSL, C8-HSL, and C10-HSL. We then selected the top 17 isolates with high AHL-degradation ability for further study. Among them, B. subtilis MFB10, B. lentus MFB2, and B. firmus MFB7 had the highest ability for degradation. These 3 isolates suppressed the expression of virulence genes encoding protease, lipase, phospholipase, caseinase, chitinase, and gelatinase, and potentially inhibited the biofilm formation of V. harveyi MFB32. The reduction in expression of virulence genes like those coding for metalloprotease, serine protease, and haemolysin were confirmed by real-time PCR analysis. Moreover, in an in vivo challenge experiment, these Bacillus spp. protected Penaeus monodon post-larvae against V. harveyi MFB3 infection. Our results demonstrate the potential application of AHL-degrading Bacillus spp. as an alternative to antibiotics in shrimp hatcheries to control luminescent vibriosis. This novel bio-therapeutic method is a promising approach towards disease control in shrimp aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Bacillus; Quorum Sensing; Vibrio; Vibrio Infections
PubMed: 34617517
DOI: 10.3354/dao03619 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Aug 2022The growth performance, immunological status, and intestinal microbiology of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, were evaluated after dietary administration of the...
Dietary SYNSEA probiotic improves the growth of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei and reduces the risk of Vibrio infection via improving immunity and intestinal microbiota of shrimp.
The growth performance, immunological status, and intestinal microbiology of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, were evaluated after dietary administration of the commercial probiotic SYNSEA. Shrimp were fed a control diet (without probiotic supplement) and two levels of SYNSEA probiotic, a low concentration of SYNSEA (LSL) containing 10 CFU (g diet)Bacillus subtilis and 10 CFU (g diet) lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and a high concentration of SYNSEA (LSH) containing 10 CFU (g diet)B. subtilis and 10 CFU (g diet) LAB, for 12 weeks. Shrimp fed with the LSL diet significantly increased growth performance as well as final weight and feed efficiency compared to the control, but not the LSH diet. After being orally challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, shrimp fed with LSL diet prior to the challenge or fed with LSL and pathogen simultaneously showed significantly lower mortality compared to the control. SYNSEA probiotic significantly improved shrimp immune response, including lysozyme activity in LSL and LSH groups, and phagocytic activity in the LSL group in comparison to the control. In addition, the gene expressions of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 2 in LSL and LSH groups, and penaeidin 4 in LSL were also up-regulated. Although there was no significant difference among groups for hepatopancreas and intestinal morphology, the muscular layer thickness and villi height were slightly improved in the intestines of shrimp fed SYNSEA. The 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequence analysis using next-generation sequencing revealed a significant decrease in α-diversity (Margalef's species richness) after oral administration of SYNSEA due to an increase in the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut flora of shrimp, such as Lactobacillus, Shewanella, and Bradymonadales and a decrease in harmful bacteria, such as Vibrio, Candidatus_Berkiella, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Together the data suggest that the provision of SYNSEA probiotic at 10 CFU (g diet)B. subtilis and 10 CFU (g diet) LAB can improve shrimp growth, enhance immunity, and disease resistance status of the host. In addition, these findings conclude that SYNSEA probiotic has great preventive and therapeutic potential for Vibrio infection in shrimp aquaculture.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Diet; Disease Resistance; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity, Innate; Lactobacillales; Penaeidae; Probiotics; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio parahaemolyticus
PubMed: 35793747
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.071 -
JAMA Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; United States; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 37728946
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.17816 -
Epidemiology and Infection Apr 2011This study characterized the current epidemiology of vibrio infections in Florida and examined cases reported from 1998 to 2007. Logistic regression was used to...
This study characterized the current epidemiology of vibrio infections in Florida and examined cases reported from 1998 to 2007. Logistic regression was used to determine risk of death. There were 834 vibrio infections in 825 individuals (average annual incidence rate 4·8/1,000,000). Common Vibrio species reported were Vibrio vulnificus (33%), V. parahaemolyticus (29%), and V. alginolyticus (16%). Most exposures were attributed to wounds (42%), and the most common clinical syndromes were wound infections (45%) and gastroenteritis (42%). Almost half of individuals reported an underlying health condition. Risk of death was associated with any underlying condition and increased with the number of conditions (P<0·0001). In Florida, incidence of vibriosis associated with raw oyster consumption has decreased while incidence associated with wound infections has increased. Most prevention efforts to date have focused on oyster consumption. New educational messages focusing on the risk of vibriosis from wound infections should target high-risk populations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Feeding Behavior; Female; Florida; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Survival Analysis; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio alginolyticus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vibrio vulnificus; Wound Infection; Young Adult
PubMed: 20546636
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268810001354 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2013The genus Vibrio is a member of the family Vibrionaceae, and among their disease-causing species, Vibrio vulnificus, a lactose-positive gram-negative bacillus, is one of...
The genus Vibrio is a member of the family Vibrionaceae, and among their disease-causing species, Vibrio vulnificus, a lactose-positive gram-negative bacillus, is one of the most virulent pathogen of the noncholerae vibrios. We describe the case of a 39-year-old male patient, who was using immunosuppressive therapy, admitted to the hospital for liver transplantation. Twelve hours later, the patient presented high fever, myalgia, anuria and erythematous plaques on lower limbs, of rapid growth and proximal progression. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone, meropenem and oxacillin, however he expired within 30 hours. Blood cultures showed growth of a gram-negative bacillus, which was later identified as Vibrio vulnificus.
Topics: Adult; Brazil; Fatal Outcome; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Seafood; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 23793212
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131780 -
International Journal of Infectious... Jun 2017Infections with Vibrio vulnificus are commonly fatal, and the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment is directly linked to mortality. The main aims of this study...
OBJECTIVES
Infections with Vibrio vulnificus are commonly fatal, and the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment is directly linked to mortality. The main aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of six patients with V. vulnificus infections retrospectively and to determine the effect of treatment with tigecycline (TGC) alone compared with doxycycline plus ceftazidime (DOX/CAZ).
METHODS
The medical records of patients were reviewed. The species-specific and pathogenic gene markers were detected by PCR, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed. Furthermore, the effects of TGC and of DOX/CAZ were determined using time-kill assays.
RESULTS
MLST revealed six different sequence types and five of them were novel. The complete clinical pattern (vcg type C, CPS operon allele 1, 16S-rRNA type B) was found in one strain and the others had a mixed pattern. The lesion was mainly located at the distal end of the extremities and the most common clinical symptoms were fever, pain, erythema, and local swelling. The in vitro time-kill assay indicated that TGC monotherapy at a concentration of 0.1mg/l had a rapid bactericidal effect against the six tested V. vulnificus strains at 24h.
CONCLUSIONS
TGC alone might be a better potential therapeutic option than the traditional combination of DOX/CAZ against V. vulnificus.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 28347850
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.03.017 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2021Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) infection is rare but potentially fatal. This study explored new atypical manifestations and prognostic factors of V....
Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) infection is rare but potentially fatal. This study explored new atypical manifestations and prognostic factors of V. vulnificus-infected patients during hospitalization. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 33 patients diagnosed with V. vulnificus infection in Guangdong Province, China between 2010 and 2020. Multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. The new atypical manifestations included cholangitis, urinary tract infection, and suppurative otitis media. Eleven of the 33 (33.3%) V. vulnificus-infected patients eventually died. Univariate analysis showed that patients with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, lower platelet counts, and higher levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (PCT) had statistically higher mortality. However, multivariate analysis showed that only the PCT level (P = 0.036) was statistically significant. In addition, the area under the ROC value estimate for PCT was 0.8816 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.759-1.000; P = 0.0009). More than half of the patients with V. vulnificus infection died when PCT was > 20 ng/mL, while no patient died when PCT was ≤ 20 ng/mL. This study found new atypical manifestations of V. vulnificus infection. In addition, PCT was an effective and independent predictor of mortality in patients with V. vulnificus infection, allowing clinicians to conduct early risk stratification and determine the best therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; ROC Curve; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers; Vibrio Infections; Vibrio vulnificus
PubMed: 33952769
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.843