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BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The black staining effect of silver-containing solutions for use to arrest caries can have a negative aesthetic impact on children and parents. This study aims to assess...
BACKGROUND
The black staining effect of silver-containing solutions for use to arrest caries can have a negative aesthetic impact on children and parents. This study aims to assess the staining effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride/Potassium Iodide (SDF/KI), SDF and Nanosilver Fluoride (NSF).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-four extracted carious primary molars were collected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 11). The carious tissue in all teeth was removed using a chemo-mechanical caries removal agent with an excavator. After caries removal in all groups, SDF, SDF/KI, and NSF were applied to the different groups, while no solution was applied to the control group. Subsequently, the teeth in all groups were restored with compomer. Color values L*, a* and b* were measured using a spectrophotometer at three time points: immediately after compomer restoration (T), one week later (T), and four week later (T). Changes in brightness (ΔL) and color (ΔE) over time were calculated and comparisons among groups were made.
RESULTS
The SDF solution induced statistically significant black staining (p = 0.013) and a decrease in L* value (p < 0.001) on the compomer material compared to the other groups over time.
CONCLUSIONS
It was observed that SDF/KI has the potential to reduce the black staining effect of SDF, though not entirely. Novel experimental solutions like NSF may offer an alternative to counteract the staining effect of SDF.
Topics: Silver Compounds; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Potassium Iodide; Humans; Fluorides, Topical; In Vitro Techniques; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Tooth Discoloration; Tooth, Deciduous; Spectrophotometry; Molar
PubMed: 38880907
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04370-y -
Exploration (Beijing, China) Feb 2024Halide perovskite solar cells are characterized by a hysteresis between current-voltage (- curves recorded on the reverse and on the forward scan directions, and the...
Halide perovskite solar cells are characterized by a hysteresis between current-voltage (- curves recorded on the reverse and on the forward scan directions, and the suppression of this phenomenon has focused great attention. In the present work, it is shown that a special family of 3D perovskites, that are rendered lead -and iodide- deficient (d-HPs) by incorporating large organic cations, are characterized by a large hysteresis. The strategy of passivating defects by K, which has been successful in reducing the hysteresis of 3D perovskite perovskite solar cells, is inefficient with the d-HPs. By glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES), the existence of the classic iodide migration in these layers is unveiled, which is efficiently blocked by potassium cation insertion. However, it is also shown that it co-exists with the migration of the large organic cations characteristics of d-HPs which are not blocked by the alkali metal ion. The migration of those large cations is intrinsically linked to the special structure of the d-HP. It is suggested that it takes place through channels, present throughout the whole perovskite layer after the substitution of PbI units by the large cations, making this phenomenon intrinsic to the original structure of d-HPs.
PubMed: 38854492
DOI: 10.1002/EXP.20220156 -
Nature Communications Jun 2024Artificial photosynthesis using carbon nitride (g-CN) holds a great promise for sustainable and cost-effective HO production, but the high carrier recombination rate...
Artificial photosynthesis using carbon nitride (g-CN) holds a great promise for sustainable and cost-effective HO production, but the high carrier recombination rate impedes its efficiency. To tackle this challenge, we propose an innovative method involving multispecies iodine mediators (I/I) intercalation through a pre-photo-oxidation process using potassium iodide (suspected deteriorated "KI") within the g-CN framework. Moreover, we introduce an external electric field by incorporating cationic methyl viologen ions to establish an auxiliary electron transfer channel. Such a unique design drastically improves the separation of photo-generated carriers, achieving an impressive HO production rate of 46.40 mmol g h under visible light irradiation, surpassing the most visible-light HO-producing systems. Combining various advanced characterization techniques elucidates the inner photocatalytic mechanism, and the application potential of this photocatalytic system is validated with various simulation scenarios. This work presents a significative strategy for preparing and applying highly efficient g-CN-based catalysts in photochemical HO production.
PubMed: 38830881
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49046-x -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research May 2024Discoloration of carious lesions after application of silver diamine fluoride lowers patient acceptance and limits its wider use for caries arrest.
BACKGROUND
Discoloration of carious lesions after application of silver diamine fluoride lowers patient acceptance and limits its wider use for caries arrest.
OBJECTIVE
To assess lesion and tooth color changes from 2 novel silver fluoride (AgF) products and its relationship to caries activity (clinical visuo-tactile scores) and bacterial load (using laser fluorescence with the DIAGNOdent).
METHODS
A split-mouth design was followed, with matched smooth surface carious lesions in the same arch in adults with special needs randomized for 1-min treatments with AgF/potassium iodide (KI) (Riva Star Aqua, SDI) and AgF/stannous fluoride (SnF) (Caries Status Disclosing Solution; Whiteley). Standardized images taken at baseline, immediately postoperatively, and at 3-mo review were subjected to digital image analysis to calculate delta-E and to track changes in luminosity of carious lesions.
RESULTS
Twelve participants were recruited in the study. A total of 56 teeth (28 pairs) were included. Significantly greater changes were seen in treated lesions than in the adjacent noncarious natural tooth structure, both immediately after treatment and at the 3-mo review ( < 0.0001). Color change and caries activity were not affected by tooth type, tooth location, plaque status, salivary status, or special needs condition. AgF/SnF caused transitory darkening immediately on application, while AgF/KI caused the immediate formation of yellow deposits (silver iodide). Both products caused significant darkening of treated lesions at 3 mo ( = 0.0009; = 0.0361), with no differences between them ( = 0.506). Responding lesions showed larger and more perceptible color changes immediately after either AgF application ( = 0.002; = 0.024).
CONCLUSIONS
Both AgF products were highly effective for caries arrest in this patient population. Despite minor differences in the appearance of treated lesions at the time of application, both products lead to similar darkening of treated sites at 3 mo.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
This study shows the usefulness of silver fluoride used in conjunction with potassium iodide or stannous fluoride for achieving caries arrest in smooth surface lesions in adults with special needs. Patients need to be informed that long-term staining of the lesion occurs with both, similar to silver diamine fluoride.
PubMed: 38760973
DOI: 10.1177/23800844241246199 -
Maedica Mar 2024This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in combination with or without glutathione (Glu) and potassium iodide (KI) on the fluoride...
Evaluating the Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride, with or without Glutathione and Potassium Iodide, on Fluoride Release, Dentin Microhardness and Surface Properties of Dentin.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in combination with or without glutathione (Glu) and potassium iodide (KI) on the fluoride release and the enhancement of dentin microhardness. In this study, 90 intact premolar teeth from human subjects were allocated into nine groups, each consisting of ten samples: A) control; B) SDF; C) SDF combined with 5% Glu; D) SDF combined with 10% Glu; E) SDF combined with 20% Glu; F) KI after SDF; G) 5% Glu after SDF; H) 10% Glu after SDF; and I) 20% Glu after SDF. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software and ANOVA and post-hoc and repeated measure test (P value <0.05). Dentin microhardness exhibited variations across different treatments, with the highest value being observed in the SDF-5% Glu group and the lowest in the control group. However, there was a significant difference between the mean values of SDF-5% Glu group and the SDF group. Significant increases in microhardness were observed when comparing SDF-5% Glu to SDF+5% Glu and SDF-10% Glu to SDF+10% Glu in peer groups (P value <0.05). Over time, there was a significant increase in the amount of fluoride released as compared to the initial day. The utilization of SDF-5% Glu group exhibited the most favorable effect on improving dentin hardness. Additionally, utilizing Glu in concentrations of 5% and 10% after SDF application proved more effective in increasing dentin microhardness than combining it with SDF. Moreover, in all three fluoride measurement periods, adding 5% Glu to SDF and using 20% Glu following SDF administration led to a significant increase in fluoride release compared to the application of SDF alone.
PubMed: 38736910
DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2024.19.11.48 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024We modified -symmetric benzene-1,3,5--amide (BTA) by introducing flexible linkers in order to generate an N-centered BTA (N-BTA) molecule. The N-BTA compound formed gels...
We modified -symmetric benzene-1,3,5--amide (BTA) by introducing flexible linkers in order to generate an N-centered BTA (N-BTA) molecule. The N-BTA compound formed gels in alcohols and aqueous mixtures of high-polar solvents. Rheological studies showed that the DMSO/water (1:1, /) gels were mechanically stronger compared to other gels, and a similar trend was observed for thermal stability. Powder X-ray analysis of the xerogel obtained from various aqueous gels revealed that the packing modes of the gelators in these systems were similar. The stimuli-responsive properties of the N-BTA towards sodium/potassium salts indicated that the gel network collapsed in the presence of more nucleophilic anions such as cyanide, fluoride, and chloride salts at the MGC, but the gel network was intact when in contact with nitrate, sulphate, acetate, bromide, and iodide salts, indicating the anion-responsive properties of N-BTA gels. Anion-induced gel formation was observed for less nucleophilic anions below the MGC of N-BTA. The ability of N-BTA gels to act as an adsorbent for hazardous anionic and cationic dyes in water was evaluated. The results indicated that the ethanolic gels of N-BTA successfully absorbed methylene blue and methyl orange dyes from water. This work demonstrates the potential of the N-BTA gelator to act as a stimuli-responsive material and a promising candidate for water purification.
PubMed: 38731640
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092149 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2024Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in...
INTRODUCTION
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in the first molars. Using potassium iodide (KI) after applying SDF has been recommended as a way of reducing the severity of black staining, as well as preserving its antibacterial effect useful in deep caries.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this research was to compare the antibacterial effect of SDF, with and without KI, on (. ) and dental biofilm.
METHODS
The antibacterial effects of SDF, KI, and the combination of both were measured using three different techniques (inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory effect [MIE], and colony-forming unit [CFU], testing).
RESULTS
The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. Analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, the inhibition halos yielded a value of = 0.3309. Using the MIE test, only the SDF treatment produced an antibacterial effect, at 10%, compared to the KI group, with = 0.001. Finally, the CFU test revealed a total absence of colonies for all three reagents. All three substances analyzed achieved total inhibition of . . SDF is effective even in its minimal commercial concentration. Its antibacterial capacity decreases with the addition of KI.
CONCLUSIONS
The three substances analyzed at their maximum concentrations exhibited an antibacterial effect against . , resulting in total inhibition.
PubMed: 38707672
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_393_23 -
Heliyon May 2024Hierarchical porous activated carbon/fly ash/PEDOT:PSS composites (AC:FA) for a counter electrode (CE) were created using a doctor blade technique and applied in dye...
Preparation of a hierarchical porous activated carbon derived from cantaloupe peel/fly ash/PEDOT:PSS composites as Pt-free counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells.
Hierarchical porous activated carbon/fly ash/PEDOT:PSS composites (AC:FA) for a counter electrode (CE) were created using a doctor blade technique and applied in dye sensitized solar cells. Hierarchical porous activated carbon (AC) was produced using a potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation process from cantaloupe peels ( L. var. cantaloupensis). AC was introduced into fly ash at various mass ratios to enhance several physical and electrochemical characteristics. Compared to bare FA, the AC:FA electrode displayed a high electrocatalytic activity for the iodide/triiodide redox () reaction. The test findings show that a higher proportion of AC has an impact on a CE's catalytic activity and charge transfer resistance. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) attained 5.81 % using the AC:FA CE with AC in a mass ratio of FA in 3:1 (wt./wt.), which is very near the performance of manufactured DSSC's with a platinum (Pt)-based CE (5.91 %). The AC:FA CE stands out as a strong candidate to substitute for costly Pt CEs due to its enhanced electrochemical activity and charge transfer capabilities obtained with an inexpensive and simple production procedure.
PubMed: 38707397
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29957 -
Cureus Apr 2024We report a case of a 17-year-old girl who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) secondary to preoperative iodine administration before thyroidectomy for Graves'...
We report a case of a 17-year-old girl who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) secondary to preoperative iodine administration before thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Past medical history was significant for COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Children (MISC-C), with subsequent diagnoses of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), Addison disease, and Graves' disease. Her Graves disease was initially managed with methimazole. While there are reported cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and TEN due to methimazole, the patient had discontinued methimazole over one month prior. Therefore, she likely represents the first case of TEN reported secondary to potassium iodide solution in a pediatric patient. Given the rarity of TEN in pediatric patients, our case highlights the challenges in managing complex autoimmune conditions and underscores the importance of careful medication choices in such cases.
PubMed: 38707124
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57618 -
Heliyon Apr 2024This study was conducted to assess salt production and iodization practices by artisanal salt producers located at six districts across Greater Accra and Central regions.
BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to assess salt production and iodization practices by artisanal salt producers located at six districts across Greater Accra and Central regions.
METHODS
One Hundred and Sixty-Six (166) salt miners in Greater Accra and Central Regions were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and their production sites inspected for salt iodization practices.
RESULTS
The study revealed that salt iodization is not practiced among majority (69.28 %) of artisanal salt producers. They were conversant with salt iodization (93.98 %) and had fair knowledge on the health effects on consumers when iodine is absent in salt. Some of the producers attributed the nonadherence to the mandatory salt iodization to the unavailability of potassium iodate/iodide on the market. All artisanal salt producers interviewed utilise the solar evaporation method for salt production. The evaporation is done on tarpaulin/polyethylene lined pans and concrete pans. The tarpaulin/polyethylene lined pans were predominantly used in Greater Accra, and concrete pans in Central region.
CONCLUSION
For Ghana to increase availability of iodized salt on the market and improve household consumption of iodized salt, regulatory authorities need to enforce the laws and regulations on salt iodization and also create the enabling environment for artisanal salt producer to have access to potassium iodate for production.
PubMed: 38681581
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29621