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Food Science & Nutrition Dec 2023The consumption of seaweed is on the rise in the Western world. Seaweeds may contain substantial amounts of iodine, and some species could serve as a potential dietary...
The consumption of seaweed is on the rise in the Western world. Seaweeds may contain substantial amounts of iodine, and some species could serve as a potential dietary iodine source. However, limited data on the iodine content and in vivo bioavailability of iodine from seaweeds exist. The objective was to assess whether iodine from a meal consisting of sushi with nori, ( spp) and a wakame seaweed salad () had similar bioavailability as a potassium iodide reference supplement of similar iodine content. A randomized 2 × 2 crossover trial (AB/BA model) was conducted in 20 healthy young women. One intervention arm consisted of a meal with sushi and wakame salad (231 μg iodine), and the other of potassium iodide (KI) supplement (225 μg iodine). Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured at 11 different time points for 48 h after the interventions. The UIC increased after consumption of both the sushi and wakame meal and the KI supplement, but the median UIC was higher after ingestion of the KI supplement. The estimated bioavailability of iodine during the first 24 h was 75% from sushi with wakame and 97% from the KI supplement. The bioequivalence analyses confirmed that the KI supplement had higher estimated bioavailability than the sushi and wakame meal, however, with small margins. Our findings on iodine bioavailability imply that sushi and wakame could be potential iodine sources in the diet, which may be favorable for population groups at risk for iodine deficiency. However, further research is needed to account for the variability of iodine content in seaweeds by different locations and degree of processing, to assure that the iodine levels are stable and predictable for the consumers.
PubMed: 38107121
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3689 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2023The necessity to modify silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to make it esthetically acceptable without affecting its beneficial properties keeps the research in this field...
BACKGROUND
The necessity to modify silver diamine fluoride (SDF) to make it esthetically acceptable without affecting its beneficial properties keeps the research in this field pertinent.
AIM
This study aims to comparatively evaluate the efficacy of Glutathione (GSH) in reducing tooth discoloration associated with SDF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This split-mouth study was conducted on 20 children aged 3-8 years having a minimum of 3 active carious primary teeth. The three teeth in each patient were randomly divided into Group I - 38% SDF; Group II - 38% SDF followed by application of potassium iodide; and Group III - 38% SDF mixed with 20% GSH. Standardized photographs were taken immediately after application and after 6 months, which were analyzed using Image J software. The carious lesions were clinically classified as active or arrested after 6 months.
RESULTS
When mean gray values of three groups were compared postoperative, the highest value (lighter shade) was observed for group II and least (darker shade) for group I, whereas, during the 6-month follow-up, the highest value was seen for group III and least for group I. The color change from preoperative to 6 months' follow-up was compared, and a statistically significant difference was observed between groups I and II ( = 0.003) and groups I and III ( = 0.001). When caries arresting effectiveness was analyzed, there was no significant difference found between any of the groups ( = 1).
CONCLUSION
Mixing 20% GSH with 38% SDF was an effective measure in reducing the tooth discoloration associated with SDF, without affecting caries arresting the efficiency of the latter.
PubMed: 38075536
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_100_23 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023A water deficit can negatively impact fruit yield and quality, affecting critical physiological processes. Strategies to mitigate water deficits are crucial to global...
KI Increases Tomato Fruit Quality and Water Deficit Tolerance by Improving Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Amino Acid Accumulation: A Priming Effect or Relief during Stress?
A water deficit can negatively impact fruit yield and quality, affecting critical physiological processes. Strategies to mitigate water deficits are crucial to global food security. Iodine (I) may increase the efficiency of the antioxidant system of plants, but its role against water deficits is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of I in attenuating water deficits and improving fruit quality, investigating whether metabolic responses are derived from a "priming effect" or stress relief during water deficits. Tomato plants were exposed to different concentrations of potassium iodide (KI) via a nutrient solution and subjected to a water deficit. A water deficit in tomatoes without KI reduced their yield by 98%. However, a concentration of 100 μM of KI increased the yield under a water deficit by 28%. This condition is correlated with increased antioxidant activity, photosynthetic efficiency improvement, and malondialdehyde reduction. In addition, the concentration of 100 μM of KI promoted better fruit quality through antioxidant capacity and a decline in the maturation index. Therefore, KI can be an alternative for attenuating water deficits in tomatoes, inducing positive responses during the water deficit period while at the same time improving fruit quality.
PubMed: 38068658
DOI: 10.3390/plants12234023 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Dec 2023Despite their hydrophobic surfaces with localized π-holes and rigid well-defined architectures providing a scaffold for preorganizing binding motifs, fullerenes remain...
Despite their hydrophobic surfaces with localized π-holes and rigid well-defined architectures providing a scaffold for preorganizing binding motifs, fullerenes remain unexplored as potential supramolecular host platforms for the recognition of anions. Herein, we present the first example of the rational design, synthesis, and unique recognition properties of novel fullerene-functionalized halogen-bonding (XB) heteroditopic ion-pair receptors containing cation and anion binding domains spatially separated by C. Fullerene spatial separation of the XB donors and the crown ether complexed potassium cation resulted in a rare example of an artificial receptor containing two anion binding sites with opposing preferences for hard and soft halides. Importantly, the incorporation of the C motif into the heteroditopic receptor structure has a significant effect on the halide binding selectivity, which is further amplified upon K cation binding. The potassium cation complexed fullerene-based receptors exhibit enhanced selectivity for the soft polarizable iodide ion which is assisted by the C scaffold preorganizing the potent XB-based binding domains, anion-π interactions, and the exceptional polarizability of the fullerene moiety, as evidenced from DFT calculations. These observations serve to highlight the unique properties of fullerene surfaces for proximal charged guest binding with potential applications in construction of selective molecular sensors and modulating the properties of solar cell devices.
PubMed: 38060428
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07774 -
Organic Letters Dec 2023The reduction of nitroarenes using KBH and I is described. BI is generated in situ and was shown to be the active reductant. Conditions were optimized for BI generation...
The reduction of nitroarenes using KBH and I is described. BI is generated in situ and was shown to be the active reductant. Conditions were optimized for BI generation and then applied to a wide range of nitroarenes, including traditionally challenging substrates. The method constitutes a practical reduction option which produces low-toxicity boric acid and potassium iodide upon workup.
PubMed: 38052021
DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03257 -
ChemistryOpen Apr 2024In search of new possible uses of cheap lignite from the Kosova Bassin, the surface of lignite powders is modified with alkyl or mixed alkyl-aryl layers. Modification is...
Surface Modification of Lignite with Alkyl and Mixed Alkyl-Aryl Films Generated from an Aryl Diazonium Salt and Alkyl Halides: Experimental Results and Theoretical Analyses.
In search of new possible uses of cheap lignite from the Kosova Bassin, the surface of lignite powders is modified with alkyl or mixed alkyl-aryl layers. Modification is performed in aqueous acid solution containing an aryl diazonium salt and an alkyl halide compound in millimolar concentration, in the presence of potassium iodide as a reducing agent at equimolar concentration. Attachment of alkyl films substituted with carboxylic groups and aryl films with nitro or bis-trifluoromethyl groups is characterized by IRATR and XPS spectroscopy. The formation of a stable interface during the grafting reactions of alkyl and aryl moieties with lignite surface has been confirmed by theoretical calculations. Aryl diazonium salts once chemically or spontaneously reduced are a source of aryl radicals, able to attach chemically to the material surface or to react with alkyl halides by abstracting the halogen atom. If the aryl diazonium salts are unable to graft to the coal surface due to steric hindrance, they can, nevertheless, abstract an iodine or bromine atom to generate alkyl radicals that react with the material surface.
PubMed: 38051924
DOI: 10.1002/open.202300134 -
Cureus Nov 2023Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by thyroid-stimulating antibodies that can potentially lead to thyrotoxicosis, goiter, skin disease, and eye... (Review)
Review
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by thyroid-stimulating antibodies that can potentially lead to thyrotoxicosis, goiter, skin disease, and eye disease. Available treatment options for Graves' disease include management with antithyroid drugs (ATDs), thyroid ablation with radioactive iodine (RAI), and surgical thyroid gland removal. For individuals unable to reach a normal thyroid hormone level, promptly considering a thyroidectomy is essential. Preoperative strategies to achieve a euthyroid state prevent thyroid storms and minimize postoperative complications and are therefore crucial. While variations in professional guidance exist, this review focuses on standard medical interventions as well as compares respective guidelines set forth by the American Thyroid Association, the European Thyroid Association, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology, and the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons. There is consensus among these organizations underscoring the importance of rendering patients euthyroid prior to surgery and the use of ATDs. Most guidelines recommend screening for vitamin D deficiency as well as endorse thyroidectomy as the preferred treatment option for hyperthyroidism with skilled surgeons. Nevertheless, discrepancies do become apparent in aspects such as potassium iodide (SSKI) course duration and preoperative dexamethasone administration. By understanding these differing approaches, healthcare professionals can more effectively manage Graves' disease prior to surgery, resulting in improved patient outcomes and enhanced surgical success.
PubMed: 38046703
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48156 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Dec 2023The removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) pollution from the environment is a globally pressing issue, due to some PFAS' recalcitrant, bioaccumulative,...
The removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) pollution from the environment is a globally pressing issue, due to some PFAS' recalcitrant, bioaccumulative, and carcinogenic nature. Destruction via ultrasonic waves (sonolysis) is a promising contender for industrialisation due to; moderate power consumption, applicability to several PFAS and sample types, and limited by-products. Liquid flow rate through an ultrasonic reactor can affect the size, shape, and spatial distribution of ultrasonic cavities and hence their chemical activity. Such effects have not been studied during PFAS sonolysis, and temporal effects have not been studied much beyond the reactant concentration. Here, the effects of varying recirculating flow rate on the ultrasonic defluorination of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and implications for industrial scale up are presented. Under the ultrasonic power (200 W L, 2.27 W cm) and frequency (410 kHz) used, flow rates of 79 and 214 ml min enhanced defluorination up to 14 % during 30 min of treatment. However, these effects were temporal and most significant in the initial minutes of treatment. This indicated a dynamic bubble size distribution which stabilised after around 15 min. Defluorination rates of PFOS were compared with measured potassium iodide dosimetry, calorimetry, sonoluminescence (SL), and sonochemiluminescence (SCL). Flow rates which enhanced defluorination correlated moderately with enhanced SCL and negatively impacted SL, calorimetry, and dosimetry. Effects were attributed to perturbed cavity surfaces, leading to asymmetric cavity collapse, and the possibility of enhanced solvated electron production/interaction. SL, SCL, dosimetry, and calorimetric measurements were also temporal, and each showed different times to equilibrate. Flow rates of 439 and 889 ml min returned all sonochemical measurements to the levels without flow, likely due to continued collapse temperature quenching by furthered bubble asymmetry. Flow also enhanced reactor cooling, which is significant for industrial temperature control. The pump energy consumed was small (≈1.9 %) compared to that of the amplifier and chiller, hence, PFOS defluorination was more cost-effective using flow. However, the effect may be limited for the longer treatment times needed for environmental remediation.
PubMed: 38039593
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106667 -
Heliyon Nov 2023Assessment of activity levels of radionuclides that exist in soil, granite, and charnockite rock samples is very crucial because it exhibits an enhanced elemental...
Assessment of activity levels of radionuclides that exist in soil, granite, and charnockite rock samples is very crucial because it exhibits an enhanced elemental concentration of uranium (U) and thorium (Th) contributing higher natural background activity than usual in the environment and it may cause health risk to human health through the external and internal exposure. This study determined the radioactivity levels of U, Th, and K radionuclides in soil, granite, and charnockite rock samples collected from selected fields in Ekiti State, Nigeria using Caesium iodide CsI(Tl) scintillation gamma spectrometer. It also evaluated indices of the radiological parameters consisting of radium equivalent activity (Ra), absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE), internal hazard index (H), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). The calculated average activity concentrations of U, Th, and K are 30.40 ± 0.71 Bq kg, 3.31 ± 0.05 Bq kg, and 222.25 ± 14.72 Bq kg, respectively, which were lower than their respective world average values. Comparatively, potassium concentrations in these collected samples have a higher value than concentrations of uranium and thorium (K > U > Th). All the evaluated values of the radiological parameters (except D) of the appraised radionuclides were below the global permissible limits. The granite rocks, charnockite rocks, and soils from Ekiti State in Nigeria do not pose any hazardous risk to humans, but continued monitoring is necessary when these materials are used as building materials, which cause long-term radiation exposure.
PubMed: 38034673
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22451 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023In this the antibacterial of quercetin against was evaluated by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)....
In this the antibacterial of quercetin against was evaluated by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Subsequently, the effect of quercetin on cell membrane was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface hydrophobicity determination, diacetate fluorescein staining and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Additionally, the effects of quercetin on intracellular macromolecules and cell metabolism were explored by measuring the culture medium protein, bacterial protein and intracellular sodium and potassium adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enzyme activity. The results revealed that quercetin exhibited the MIC and MBC values of 100 ug/mL and 400 ug/mL, respectively, against . The SEM results revealed that quercetin could induce irreversible damage to the cell membrane effectively. Moreover, quercetin could enhance the surface hydrophobicity of . The results of flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analyses revealed that quercetin could promote cell damage by altering the cell membrane permeability of , inducing the release of nucleic acid substances from the cells. Furthermore, the determination of protein content in the culture medium, bacterial protein content, and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity demonstrated that quercetin could reduce the intracellular protein content and impedes protein expression and ATPase synthesis effectively, leading to apoptosis.
PubMed: 38033555
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286187