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Heliyon Jul 2023Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is emerging as a promising way to treat infections with minimal side effects. Typically, a single photosensitizer used in photodynamic...
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is emerging as a promising way to treat infections with minimal side effects. Typically, a single photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy is capable of generating only one type of reactive oxygen species, which may have inadequate capability to eradicate certain types of microbes, especially species. Thus, the use of combined photosensitizers is examined as a means of achieving superior antimicrobial results. We postulate that bisdemethoxycurcumin, a type I reactive oxygen species generator, combined with potassium iodide, an antimicrobial iodide molecule, might exhibit superior antimicrobial effects compared to a single photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy. The effects of bisdemethoxycurcumin + potassium iodide + dental blue light on reduction were examined. biofilms were treated with 20, 40 or 80 μM bisdemethoxycurcumin, 100 mM potassium iodide or a combination of these species for 20 min before irradiation with a dental blue light (90 J/cm). The negative and positive controls were phosphate buffer saline and nystatin at 1 : 100,000 units/ml, respectively. Candidal numbers were quantified at 0, 1, 6 and 24 h. Hydroxyl radicals were spectrophotometrically measured using 2-[6-(4'amino phynoxyl-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl)] benzoic acid or APF probe-mediated fluorescence intensity (Varioskan) at 490/515 nm (excitation/emission). Candidal counts and hydroxyl radical comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Correlations between candidal numbers and hydroxyl radical levels were done with a Pearson correlation test. Forty μM bisdemethoxycurcumin+100 mM KI could provide a 3.5 log CFU/ml reduction after 6 h. Bisdemethoxycurcumin alone generated OH levels that were strongly correlated with candidal reduction. In conclusion, 40 μM bisdemethoxycurcumin+100 mM KI could reduce biofilm.
PubMed: 37455953
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17490 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Water deficit inhibits plant growth by affecting several physiological processes, which leads to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may cause...
Soybean Plants Exposed to Low Concentrations of Potassium Iodide Have Better Tolerance to Water Deficit through the Antioxidant Enzymatic System and Photosynthesis Modulation.
Water deficit inhibits plant growth by affecting several physiological processes, which leads to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may cause oxidative stress. In this regard, iodine (I) is already known to possibly enhance the antioxidant defense system of plants and promote photosynthetic improvements under adverse conditions. However, its direct effect on water deficit responses has not yet been demonstrated. To verify the efficiency of I concerning plant tolerance to water deficit, we exposed soybean plants to different concentrations of potassium iodide (KI) fed to pots with a nutrient solution and subsequently submitted them to water deficit. A decline in biomass accumulation was observed in plants under water deficit, while exposure to KI (10 and 20 μmol L) increased plant biomass by an average of 40%. Furthermore, exposure to KI concentrations of up to 20 μM improved gas exchange (~71%) and reduced lipid peroxidation. This is related to the higher enzymatic antioxidant activities found at 10 and 20 μM KI concentrations. However, when soybean plants were properly irrigated, KI concentrations greater than 10 μM promoted negative changes in photosynthetic efficiency, as well as in biomass accumulation and partition. In sum, exposure of soybean plants to 10 μM KI improved tolerance to water deficit, and up to this concentration, there is no evidence of phytotoxicity in plants grown under adequate irrigation.
PubMed: 37447116
DOI: 10.3390/plants12132555 -
BDJ Open Jul 2023Dental erosion has a great effect on oral health, when diagnosed it is irreversible, this sets the importance of different preventive measures being investigated against...
INTRODUCTION
Dental erosion has a great effect on oral health, when diagnosed it is irreversible, this sets the importance of different preventive measures being investigated against dental erosion.
AIM
This in vitro study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and Potassium iodide (SDF-KI) in comparison to casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) varnish, sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) alone and deionized water as a control group in the prevention of dental erosion in primary teeth and assessing its staining effect.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty deciduous teeth enamel specimens were randomly allocated into the five study groups. Tested materials were applied. An erosive challenge was done by immersing the specimens in a citric acid-containing soft drink with pH 2.85, for 5 min, 4 times/day, for 5 days. Changes in surface microhardness, mineral loss, and color change were evaluated besides recording of the surface topography and surface roughness for selected specimens.
RESULTS
The highest decrease in surface microhardness was recorded in the control group (-85.21 ± 10.60%), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002). SDF-KI group (-61.49 ± 21.08%) showed no statistically significant difference when compared to CPP-ACPF, NaF, and SDF groups. For calcium and phosphorous loss, control group was statistically significantly higher compared to the treatment groups (p = 0.003) and (p < 0.001) respectively, while there was no statistically significant difference between the tested treatment groups. The highest mean value for color change was recorded in SDF group (26.26 ± 10.31), followed by SDF-KI group (21.22 ± 12.87) with no statistically significant difference between groups.
CONCLUSIONS
SDF-KI is as effective as CPP-ACPF, NaF varnishes and SDF in the prevention of dental erosion in primary teeth, there was no statistically significant difference regarding its staining potential.
PubMed: 37414762
DOI: 10.1038/s41405-023-00153-9 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023Thyroid storm, though extremely rare in toddlers, requires prompt diagnosis and treatment because it can be fatal if left untreated. However, thyroid storm is not often...
Thyroid storm, though extremely rare in toddlers, requires prompt diagnosis and treatment because it can be fatal if left untreated. However, thyroid storm is not often considered in the differential diagnosis of a febrile convulsion due to its rarity in children. Herein, we report the case of a 3-year-old girl with thyroid storm who presented with febrile status epilepticus. Although the seizure was stopped by diazepam administration, her tachycardia and widened pulse pressure persisted, and severe hypoglycemia was observed. Based on the findings of thyromegaly, a history of excessive sweating and hyperactivity, and a family history of Graves' disease, she was eventually diagnosed with a thyroid storm. The patient was successfully treated with thiamazole, landiolol, hydrocortisone, and potassium iodide. Propranolol, a non-selective -blocker, has been used to manage tachycardia during thyroid storm. However, a cardio-selective 1-blockers, landiolol hydrochloride, was used in our case to avoid worsening hypoglycemia. Febrile status epilepticus is one of the most common medical emergencies in childhood; it is necessary to rule out treatable underlying critical diseases such as septic meningitis and encephalitis. Thyroid storm should be considered in children presenting with prolonged febrile convulsion accompanied by findings that are not usually observed with febrile convulsions.
PubMed: 37397147
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1213040 -
Chemical Research in Toxicology Jul 2023Unraveling the causes underlying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phototoxicity is an essential step in understanding the harmful effects of these compounds in nature....
Unraveling the causes underlying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phototoxicity is an essential step in understanding the harmful effects of these compounds in nature. Toward this end, we have studied the DNA interactions and photochemistry of -(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diaminium dichloride in the presence and absence of NaF, KF, NaCl, KCl, NaBr, KBr, NaI, and KI (350 nm hν, pH 7.0). Exposing pUC19 plasmid to UV light in solutions containing 400 mM KCl formed significantly more direct strand breaks in DNA compared to no-salt control reactions. In contrast, NaCl increased DNA damage moderately, while the sodium(I) and potassium(I) fluoride, bromide, and iodide salts generally inhibited cleavage (I > Br > F). A halide anion-induced heavy-atom effect was indicated by monitoring anthracene photodegradation and by employing the hydroxyl radical (OH) probe hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF). These studies revealed that among no-salt controls and the eight halide salts, only NaCl and KCl enabled the anthracene to photosensitize the production of high levels of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-irradiation of -(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diaminium dichloride at 350 nm increased the amounts of chloride salt-induced OH detected by HPF in subsequent anthracene photoactivation experiments. Taking into consideration that OH and other highly reactive ROS are extremely short-lived, this result suggests that the pre-irradiation step might lead to the formation of oxidized anthracene photoproducts that are exceedingly redox-active. The fluorometric probes HPF and Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green revealed that KCl concentrations ranging from 150 to 400 mM and from 100 to 400 mM, respectively, enhanced -(anthracen-9-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diaminium dichloride photosensitized OH and singlet oxygen (O) production over no-salt controls. Considering the relatively high levels of Na, K, and Cl ions that exist in the environment and in living organisms, our findings may be relevant to the phototoxic effects exhibited by anthracenes and other polycyclic hydrocarbons .
Topics: Humans; Chlorides; Sodium Chloride; Singlet Oxygen; Reactive Oxygen Species; Salts; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Anthracenes; DNA
PubMed: 37347986
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00235 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jul 2023Dogs with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) are commonly treated with immunosuppressive therapy, but information on predictors of treatment response and...
Dogs with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) are commonly treated with immunosuppressive therapy, but information on predictors of treatment response and response time is limited. Therefore, we retrospectively investigated predictive factors that influenced the treatment response and duration required to observe a response in dogs with PIMA receiving continuous immunosuppressive therapies for more than 105 days. Of 50 client-owned dogs that developed PIMA, 27 were included in this study, of which 18 were responders and 9 were non-responders to immunosuppressive therapies. Sixteen of the 18 responders responded to treatment within 60 days and the remaining 2 responded at 93 and 126 days, respectively. We found that an erythroid-maturation ratio of <0.17 may be a useful predictor for treatment response. In addition, complications of immunosuppressive therapies were investigated further in 50 dogs. Pancreatitis (n=4) and pneumonia (3) occurred over the entire treatment period, and infections such as abscesses (3) tended to be more common in dogs on an extended period of immunosuppressive therapy. These findings may be helpful when planning for the initial treatment and may provide evidence for informed consent about potential comorbidities throughout the treatment course.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Retrospective Studies; Potassium Iodide; Anemia; Immunosuppression Therapy; Dog Diseases; Immunosuppressive Agents
PubMed: 37245993
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0010 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2023In the Spring of 2021, the COVID-19 vaccination was authorized for emergency use by the Food and Drug Administration. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are one of the most...
In the Spring of 2021, the COVID-19 vaccination was authorized for emergency use by the Food and Drug Administration. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are one of the most trusted sources of information for vaccination choices. However, HCWs at this time appeared to continue to have lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination uptake than expected in Arizona. The objective of this study was to examine factors that play a role in the vaccination decision-making process among Arizona HCWs. Between January and April 2021, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted among physicians, emergency medical technicians and long-term care nurses in Pima County. The informed consent process was completed for each participant. The interview guide was informed by the Increasing Vaccination model to collect information on vaccination decision-making. A codebook was developed using an inductive approach. Coding and analysis was conducted using the software MAXQDA. Participants were primarily male (11/18, 61%) and white (11/18, 61%). Three participants identified as Hispanic. Initial themes that emerged included: mixed opinions concerning the innovations in COVID-19 vaccine development, access-related barriers, issues related to distribution inequities, concerns about misinformation and conspiracy theories, and dialogue concerning the benefits of requiring mandatory vaccination. The results gathered from this study indicate that there continues to be hesitancy among some healthcare professionals in Pima County. These results will be used to help Arizonan Health Departments promote rollout of novel vaccines more effectively through targeting relevant vaccination decision-making factors among HCWs.
Topics: Humans; Male; COVID-19 Vaccines; Arizona; Potassium Iodide; COVID-19; Health Personnel; Vaccination
PubMed: 37190772
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2211464 -
PloS One 2023Precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) in dogs is characterized by persistent non-regenerative anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis, and it is suspected to be...
Precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) in dogs is characterized by persistent non-regenerative anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis, and it is suspected to be an immune-mediated disease. Most affected dogs respond to immunosuppressive therapies; however, some are resistant. In this study, we carried out splenectomy as an alternative therapy for refractory PIMA in dogs, and analyzed gene expression levels in the spleen of dogs with or without PIMA and in serum before and after splenectomy. A total of 1,385 genes were found to express differentially in the spleens from dogs with PIMA compared with healthy dogs by transcriptome analysis, of which 707 genes were up-regulated, including S100A12, S100A8, and S100A9 that are linked directly to the innate immune system and have been characterized as endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry confirmed that S100A8/A9 protein expression levels were significantly higher in dogs with PIMA compared with those in healthy dogs. A total of 22 proteins were found to express differentially between the serum samples collected before and after splenectomy by proteome analysis, of which 12 proteins were up-regulated in the samples before. The lectin pathway of complement activation was identified by pathway analysis in pre-splenectomy samples. We speculated that S100A8/9 expression may be increased in the spleen of dogs with PIMA, resulting in activation of the lectin pathway before splenectomy. These findings further our understanding of the pathology and mechanisms of splenectomy for PIMA.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Proteome; Splenectomy; Transcriptome; Potassium Iodide; Calgranulin A; Calgranulin B; Anemia
PubMed: 37146011
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285415 -
Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry 2023For individuals with very high to extremely high caries activity and poor control of daily oral hygiene, a simple treatment for arresting their caries activity is...
For individuals with very high to extremely high caries activity and poor control of daily oral hygiene, a simple treatment for arresting their caries activity is necessary. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has become increasingly common for this purpose due to its efficacy and ease of application. To avoid or reduce tooth discoloration after SDF treatment potassium iodide (KI) may be applied. However, the release of silver from SDF-treated tooth surfaces may be of concern. Thus, the aim of the present study was to quantify the amount of silver leached in both a short- and long-term perspective. In this experiment we measured the cumulative release of silver from SDF-treated dentin surfaces with and without imminent application of KI, and with and without phosphoric acid etching as pre-treatment, after 24 h and weekly for four weeks. The release of silver was highest after 24 h for all treatment groups, with a significant drop after this point. When etching was not used, the use of KI did not affect the release of silver. However, when etching was used, there was a significantly lower silver release when KI was also used compared to when KI was not used. This effect was largest for the first two weeks, after which the difference was smaller as all groups released low amounts of silver.
PubMed: 37090483
DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2191634