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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2024() is recognized as a zoonotic pathogen with an increasing threat to livestock and poultry. However, research on of animal origin remains limited. To address the gap,...
() is recognized as a zoonotic pathogen with an increasing threat to livestock and poultry. However, research on of animal origin remains limited. To address the gap, a comprehensive investigation was carried out by collecting a total of 311 samples from the farms of four animal species (dairy cow, chicken, sheep, and pig) in selected areas of Xinjiang, China. Isolates were identified by gene amplification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Genotyping of isolates was performed using typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PCR was employed to identify virulence and resistance genes. An antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer method. The findings revealed an isolation of 62 strains, with an average isolation rate of 19.94%, with the highest proportion originating from cattle sources (33.33%). Over 85.00% of these isolates harbored six virulence genes ( and ); while more than 75.00% of isolates possessed four resistance genes (, and ). All isolates exhibited complete resistance to ampicillin and demonstrated substantial resistance to sulfisoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and enrofloxacin, with an antibiotic resistance rate of more than 50%. Furthermore, 48.39% (30/62) of isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, with a significantly higher isolation rate observed in the swine farms (66.67%) compared to other farms. Genetic characterization revealed the classification of the 62 isolates into 30 distinct allele types or 35 different sequence types (STs). Notably, we identified strains of dairy and swine origin belonging to the same ST42 and wzi33-KL64 types, as well as strains of dairy and chicken origin belonging to the same wzi31-KL31-K31 type. These findings emphasize the widespread occurrence of drug-resistant across diverse animal sources in Xinjiang, underscoring the high prevalence of multidrug resistance. Additionally, our results suggest the potential for animal-to-animal transmission of and there was a correlation between virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, the current study provides valuable data on the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity of originating from diverse animal sources in Xinjiang, China.
PubMed: 38791650
DOI: 10.3390/ani14101433 -
Microbiology Spectrum May 2024A total of 334 isolates were recovered from 6,223 pet rectal samples collected at 50 pet clinics, 42 pet shops, 7 residential areas, and 4 plazas. Forty serovars were...
A total of 334 isolates were recovered from 6,223 pet rectal samples collected at 50 pet clinics, 42 pet shops, 7 residential areas, and 4 plazas. Forty serovars were identified that included all strains except for one isolate that did not cluster via self-agglutination, with Typhimurium monophasic variant, Kentucky, Enteritidis, Pomona, and Give being the predominant serovars. Fifty-one sequence types were identified among the isolates, and ST198, ST11, ST19, ST451, ST34, and ST155 were the most common. The top four dominant antimicrobials to which isolates were resistant were sulfisoxazole, ampicillin, doxycycline, and tetracycline, and 217 isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The prevalence of β-lactamase genes in isolates was 59.6%, and among these isolates, 185 harbored , followed by (66) and (10). Moreover, six PMQR genes, namely, including (4.8%), (4.2%), (0.9%), (18.9%), (16.5%), and (1.5%), were detected. QRDR mutations (76.6%) were very common in isolates, with the most frequent mutation in (T57S) (47.3%). Furthermore, we detected six tetracycline resistance genes in 176 isolates, namely, (A) (39.5%), (B) (8.1%), (M) (7.7%), (D) (5.4%), (J) (3.3%), and (C) (1.8%), and three sulfonamide resistance genes in 303 isolates, namely, (84.4%), (31.1%), and (4.2%). Finally, we found 86 isolates simultaneously harboring four types of resistance genes that cotransferred 2-7 resistance genes to recipient bacteria. The frequent occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, particularly in dogs and cats, suggests that antibiotic misuse may be driving multidrug-resistant among pets.IMPORTANCEPet-associated human salmonellosis has been reported for many years, and antimicrobial resistance in pet-associated has become a serious public health problem and has attracted increasing attention. There are no reports of from pets and their antimicrobial resistance in Chongqing, China. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, serovar diversity, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance of strains isolated from pet fecal samples in Chongqing. In addition, β-lactamase, QRDR, PMQR, tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes, and mutations in QRDRs in isolates were examined. Our findings demonstrated the diversity of serovars and sequence types of isolates. The isolates were widely resistant to antimicrobials, notably with a high proportion of multidrug-resistant strains, which highlights the potential direct or indirect transmission of multidrug-resistant from pets to humans. Furthermore, resistance genes were widely prevalent in the isolates, and most of the resistance genes were spread horizontally between strains.
PubMed: 38757951
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03542-23 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2024The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine associations between calf management practices, the number of antimicrobial treatments, and antimicrobial...
Associations among antimicrobial use, calf management practices, and antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli from a pooled fecal sample in calves on Canadian dairy farms: a cross-sectional study.
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine associations between calf management practices, the number of antimicrobial treatments, and antimicrobial resistance in pre-weaned heifers on Canadian dairy farms. A composite of 5 fecal samples from pre-weaned calves was collected from 142 dairy farms in 5 provinces and analyzed for phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility with the microbroth dilution method. Questionnaires were used to capture herd characteristics and calf management practices used on the farm. Calf treatment records were collected during the farm visits. Escherichia coli was isolated from all 142 fecal samples with the highest resistance to tetracycline (41%), followed by sulfisoxazole (36%), streptomycin (32%), chloramphenicol (28%), ampicillin (16%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (15%), ceftriaxone (4.2%), cefoxitin (2.8%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (2.1%), ciprofloxacin (2.1%), nalidixic acid (2.1%), azithromycin (1.4%), and gentamicin (1.4%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 37% of E. coli isolates. Three-quarters of farms used fresh colostrum as the most common type of colostrum fed to calves. Colostrum quality was checked on 49% of farms, but the transfer of passive immunity was only checked on 32% of farms in the last 12 mo. Almost 70% of farms used straw or hay or a combination as the bedding material for calves. Among the 142 farms, a complete set of calf records were collected from 71 farms. In a multivariable logistic regression model, farms with ≥1.99 - 32.57 antimicrobial treatments/calf-year were 3.2 times more likely to have multidrug resistant E. coli in calf feces compared farms with <1.99 antimicrobial treatments/calf-year. Farms using hay or straw beddings were 5.1 times less likely to have multidrug resistant E. coli compared with those with other bedding materials including shavings or sawdust. Bedding management practices on farms may need to be investigated to reduce the potential impact on disseminating multidrug resistant bacteria.
PubMed: 38331174
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24262 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Feb 2024To examine antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal fecal from extensively managed beef calves and cows in western Canada and describe the differences among cows and...
OBJECTIVE
To examine antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal fecal from extensively managed beef calves and cows in western Canada and describe the differences among cows and calves in the spring and fall.
ANIMAL
Beef cattle, cow-calf.
PROCEDURE
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on generic isolates collected from 388 calves and 387 cows from 39 herds following calving in 2021, 419 calves from 39 herds near weaning, and 357 cows from 36 herds at pregnancy testing. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured with the NARMS CMV5AGNF plate for Gram-negative bacteria and interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standard breakpoints for humans.
RESULTS
Only 16% (242/1551) of all isolates from 97% (38/39) of herds were resistant to ≥ 1 antimicrobial. Generic isolates were most commonly resistant to sulfisoxazole (11%, 175/1551), followed by tetracycline (9.3%, 145/1551) and chloramphenicol (3.5%, 55/1551). Isolates from calves in the spring were more likely to be resistant to sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol than those from cows in the spring or calves in the fall. Multiclass-resistant isolates were identified in 5% (39/807) of calves. Only 2 isolates recovered from cows were resistant to antimicrobials of very high importance for human health.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Most generic isolates were pansusceptible. The observed resistance patterns were consistent with earlier studies of AMR from commensal in this region. Baseline AMR data for cow-calf herds are not currently collected as part of routine surveillance, but are essential to inform antimicrobial use policy and stewardship.
Topics: Female; Humans; Animals; Cattle; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli Infections; Sulfisoxazole; Canada; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Cattle Diseases; Anti-Infective Agents; Chloramphenicol; Tetracycline
PubMed: 38304484
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing such as , are emerging as a serious threat to global health due to their rapid spread and their...
INTRODUCTION
The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing such as , are emerging as a serious threat to global health due to their rapid spread and their multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. However, limited information is available regarding the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of ESBL- in the United States dairy farms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and AMR pattern of ESBL- in East Tennessee dairy cattle farms.
METHODS
Rectal fecal samples from dairy cattle ( = 508) and manure ( = 30), water ( = 19), and feed samples ( = 15) were collected from 14 farms. The presumptive was isolated on CHROMagar™ ESBL and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the ESBL- isolates.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
From 572 fecal and farm environmental samples, a total of 233 (41%, = 572) ESBL- were identified. The prevalence of fecal ESBL- was 47.5% (95% CI: 46.2-49.2). The within-farm prevalence of ESBL- ranged from 8 to 100%. Recent treatment history with third-generation cephalosporins (3GC), cow parity ≥3, and calves were the independent risk factors associated ( < 0.05) with fecal carriage of ESBL-. Overall, 99.6% ( = 231) ESBL- tested were phenotypically resistant to at least one of the 14 antimicrobial agents tested. The most common AMR phenotypes were against beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin (99.1%; = 231 isolates), and ceftriaxone (98.7%, = 231). Most ESBL- isolates (94.4%) were MDR (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes), of which 42.6% showed co-resistance to at least six classes of antimicrobials. ESBL- isolates with concurrent resistance to ceftriaxone, ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and chloramphenicol are widespread and detected in all the farms. The detection of MDR ESBL- suggests that dairy cattle can be a reservoir for these bacteria, highlighting the associated public health risk.
PubMed: 38239744
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1260433 -
ACS Omega Dec 2023The search for novel drug scaffolds that can improve effectiveness and safety through drug conjugates is a promising approach. Consequently, drug conjugates constitute a...
Exploring the Potential of New Benzamide-Acetamide Pharmacophore Containing Sulfonamide as Urease Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationship, Kinetics Mechanism, and In Silico Studies.
The search for novel drug scaffolds that can improve effectiveness and safety through drug conjugates is a promising approach. Consequently, drug conjugates constitute a dynamic field of study and advancement within medicinal chemistry. This research demonstrates the conjugation of diclofenac and mefenamic acid with sulfa drugs and their screening for urease inhibition. These conjugates' structural confirmation was performed using elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods, including IR, H NMR, and C NMR. Diclofenac conjugated with sulfanilamide (4), sulfacetamide (10), and mefenamic acid conjugated with sulfanilamide (12), and sulfamethoxazole (17) was found potent and demonstrated urease inhibition competitively, with IC (μM) values 3.59 ± 0.07, 5.49 ± 0.34, 7.92 ± 0.27, and 8.35 ± 0.26, respectively. Diclofenac conjugated with sulfathiazole (6), sulfamerazine (8), and sulfaguanidine (11), while mefenamic acid conjugated with sulfisoxazole (13), sulfathiazole (14), and sulfadiazine (15) exhibited a mixed mode of urease inhibition. The IC (μM) values were 16.19 ± 0.21, 9.50 ± 0.28, 4.35 ± 0.23, 15.86 ± 0.25, 14.80 ± 0.27, and 7.92 ± 0.27, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were employed to predict the binding pose of competitive inhibitors at the urease active site. These conjugates generated stable complexes with the urease protein observed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, where no conformational changes occurred throughout the simulations. These results highlight the potential for approved therapeutic molecule conjugates to give rise to new categories of pharmacological agents for urease inhibition. The structural similarity of sulfonamides with urea allows them to compete with urea for binding to the active site of the urease enzyme. Sulfonamides and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can interact hydrophobically with the active site of the urease enzyme, which may disturb its structure and catalytic activity. Therefore, these conjugates may be helpful in the development of novel pharmacological agents for the treatment of a variety of illnesses in which the urease enzyme is involved.
PubMed: 38075833
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07275 -
Journal of Food Protection Jan 2024Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends in 114 generic Escherichia coli isolated from channel catfish and related fish species were investigated in this study. Of these,...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends in 114 generic Escherichia coli isolated from channel catfish and related fish species were investigated in this study. Of these, 45 isolates were from commercial-sized channel catfish harvested from fishponds in Alabama, while 69 isolates were from Siluriformes products, accessed from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service' (FSIS) National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) program. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed using the GenomeTrakr protocol. Upon analysis, the fishpond isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (44%), meropenem (7%) and azithromycin (4%). The FSIS NARMS isolates showed resistance to tetracycline (31.9%), chloramphenicol (20.3%), sulfisoxazole (17.4%), ampicillin (5.8%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, azithromycin and cefoxitin below 5% each. There was no correlation between genotypic and phenotypic resistance in the fishpond isolates, however, there was in NARMS isolates for folate pathway antagonists: Sulfisoxazole vs. sul1 and sul2 (p = 0.0042 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs. dfrA16 and sul1 (p = 0.0290 and p = 0.013, respectively). Furthermore, correlations were found for tetracyclines: Tetracycline vs. tet(A) and tet(B) (p < 0.0001 each), macrolides: Azithromycin vs. mph(E) and msr(E) (p = 0.0145 each), phenicols: Chloramphenicol vs. mdtM (p < 0.0001), quinolones: Nalidixic acid vs. gyrA_S83L=POINT (p = 0.0004), and β-lactams: Ampicillin vs. blaTEM-1 (p < 0.0001). Overall, we recorded differences in antimicrobial susceptibility testing profiles, phenotypic-genotypic concordance, and resistance to critically important antimicrobials, which may be a public health concern.
Topics: Animals; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Ictaluridae; Azithromycin; Tetracycline; Nalidixic Acid; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Sulfisoxazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ampicillin; Chloramphenicol
PubMed: 37949412
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100192 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Nov 2023Sulfonamides circulating in the environment lead to disturbances in food chains and local ecosystems, but most importantly contribute to development of resistance genes,...
Sulfonamides circulating in the environment lead to disturbances in food chains and local ecosystems, but most importantly contribute to development of resistance genes, which generate problems with multidrug-resistant bacterial infections treatment. In urban areas, sources of sulfonamide distribution in soils have received comparatively less attention in contrast to rural regions, where animal-derived manure, used as a natural fertilizer, is considered the main source. The aim of this study was to determine eight sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole, and sulfisoxazole) in environmental soil samples collected from urbanized regions in Silesian Voivodeship with increased animal activity. These soils were grouped according to the organic carbon content. It was necessary to develop versatile and efficient extraction and determination method to analyze selected sulfonamides in various soil types. The developed LC-MS/MS method for sulfonamides analyzing was validated. The obtained recoveries exceeded 45% for soil with medium organic carbon content and 88% for sample with a very low organic carbon content (arenaceous quartz). The obtained results show the high impact of organic matter on analytes adsorption in soil, which influences recovery. All eight sulfa drugs were determined in environmental samples in the concentration range 1.5-10.5 ng g. The transformation products of the analytes were also identified, and 29 transformation products were detected in 24 out of 27 extracts from soil samples.
Topics: Animals; Sulfonamides; Soil; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Poland; Ecosystem; Sulfanilamide; Carbon; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37843710
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30146-y -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Oct 2023This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica profiles from three sampling sources cecal contents, HACCP (during processing), and retail...
Comparing individual antimicrobial resistant and multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica across serotypes, sampling sources, sampling periods, and food animal types in the United States (2014-2018).
This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica profiles from three sampling sources cecal contents, HACCP (during processing), and retail meat using phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility and serotype data gathered from 2014 and 2018. Antimicrobial resistance data for 29 major Salmonella serotypes from three sampling sources and associated food animal types (cattle, swine, chicken, and turkey) were obtained from the database of the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we compared individual and multi-drug resistance (MDR) in Salmonella enterica between the three sampling sources, food animal types, sampling period, and Salmonella serotypes. Across the three sources and throughout the sampling period, the recovery of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica - including MDR, MDR-AmpC, and ACSSuT - among food animal types were dependent on the sampling period and, in some cases, sampling sources and period for the selected antimicrobials. The predicted probability of antimicrobial resistance was greater in Salmonella serotypes from turkey compared to other food animal types, conditional on sampling sources. Ceftriaxone-resistant (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.69-0.99), and Sulfisoxazole-resistant (OR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.98) Salmonella serotypes were less likely to be recovered from the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) sources than with the cecal sources. Except for Salmonella serotypes Dublin and Newport, most of the Salmonella serotypes were less likely to be resistant to the selected antimicrobials, or found as MDR, compared to serotype Typhimurium. This study offers an integrated view on the predicted probability of MDR Salmonella serotypes, as well as insights into which serotypes are persistent, emerging or declining across sampling sources and food animal types in the United States.
PubMed: 37651892
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106008