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Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2023Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a persistent intraoral burning sensation, often experienced by postmenopausal women. The etiology of BMS remains... (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by a persistent intraoral burning sensation, often experienced by postmenopausal women. The etiology of BMS remains partially understood, and consequently, treatments remain suboptimal. Extraoral manifestations of BMS, such as extraoral dryness, are less studied. However, it has been suggested that the identification of the frequency and patterns of extraoral dryness and potential underlying mechanisms are essential to optimize treatment strategies and reduce the burden of disease. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review to provide existing evidence about extraoral dryness in BMS. The guidelines for the conduction and reporting of systematic reviews were followed. An electronic search was conducted in four major databases-PubMed, Web of Science, COCHRANE Library, and EBSCOhost-and the grey literature was assessed through Google Scholar. From each included article, information on extraoral dryness in BMS was extracted, and odds ratios were calculated for extraoral dryness among BMS patients compared with non-BMS controls. The findings demonstrated higher odds of the prevalence of extraoral dryness in BMS, which was found to a high degree in the lips, eyes, skin, and genitalia. The pattern of spread and locations of extraoral dryness propose a potential central mechanism. Based on our findings, we encourage the standardization of the assessment, recording, and reporting of the extraoral characteristics of BMS, including extraoral dryness, which can lead to better management strategies and enhance the quality of life of the affected patients.
PubMed: 37892662
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206525 -
Pain and Therapy Jun 2023Previous research highlights burning eye syndrome (BES) and burning mouth syndrome (BMS) as chronic complications of COVID-19 infection. The aim of this systematic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Previous research highlights burning eye syndrome (BES) and burning mouth syndrome (BMS) as chronic complications of COVID-19 infection. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to establish the prevalence of COVID-19-related BES and COVID-19-related BMS and describe their phenomenology.
METHODOLOGY
A literature search in the PubMed database was performed, and seven papers (five on BES and two on BMS) were eligible to be included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of COVID-19-related BES was 9.9% (95% CI 3.4-25.4%). The frequency of COVID-19-related BMS is only reported in isolated cases and ranges from 4% in mild-to-moderate cases to 15% in severe, hospitalized cases, with female patients being mostly affected. COVID-19 severity is a potential risk factor for both BES and BMS. Neither syndrome occurs in isolation. COVID-19-related BES usually appears within the first week post-infection, persisting up to 9 weeks later. COVID-19-related BMS occurs during and after initial infection, and may also persist as a chronic disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Both BES and BMS are neuropathic COVID-19 infection complications, still under-studied and under-investigated, despite the fact that both are prevalent. Both COVID-19-related BES and COVID-19-related BMS could potentially be initial long COVID syndrome manifestations, and further research should be carried out in this field.
PubMed: 36917411
DOI: 10.1007/s40122-023-00492-3 -
Journal of the Korean Association of... Apr 2024This current systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the effect of topical capsaicin application to alleviate symptoms related to burning mouth...
This current systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the effect of topical capsaicin application to alleviate symptoms related to burning mouth syndrome (BMS). PubMed, Ovid SP, and Cochrane were searched from 1980 to 2022 to identify relevant literature. A total of 942 titles (PubMed, 84; Ovid SP, 839; Cochrane, 19) was retrieved, of which 936 were excluded based on the title and abstract. A total of 11 studies were further evaluated for full text analysis, of which 7 were excluded. As a result, 4 articles were included for qualitative synthesis of data. Capsaicin as a mouthwash can have potential application in the treatment of symptoms related to burning mouth. The quality of available studies is moderate to low, and a well-designed randomized multicentric study comparing capsaicin with other active agents is planned to obtain more definitive conclusions.
PubMed: 38693128
DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2024.50.2.63 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Nov 2023: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a group of non-transmissible conditions that tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic,...
: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a group of non-transmissible conditions that tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Although an association between oral disorders and NCDs has been suggested, the relationship between Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) and NCDs and their associated risk factors has not been deeply investigated. In this study, we aim to identify associations between BMS and NCDs in the Romanian population. : Ninety-nine BMS patients and 88 age-matched controls (aged 50 and over) were clinically evaluated for the presence of eight noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their most common risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and obesity. : The results of our study showed that the BMS in the Romanian population seems to be significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) ( < 0.001) and two of their risk factors, hypertension ( < 0.001) and dyslipidemia ( < 0.001). Moreover, evaluating the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in the individuals not affected by CVDs (73 CTRL and 38 BMS), we found that 13.2% of BMS patients reported a moderate risk of developing CVDs in ten years, compared to the controls, all of whom presented a low risk ( = 0.002). : Our findings suggest that a multidisciplinary clinical approach, which also includes a cardiovascular evaluation, is essential for the successful management of BMS. Moreover, these data highlighted the importance of introducing an integrated strategy for the prevention and care of NCDs in BMS patients.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Noncommunicable Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Risk Factors; Hypertension; Dyslipidemias
PubMed: 38138188
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122085 -
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2023Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic condition characterized by oral pain in the absence of intraoral clinical signs. The pathogenesis and etiology of burning mouth...
Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic condition characterized by oral pain in the absence of intraoral clinical signs. The pathogenesis and etiology of burning mouth syndrome are not fully understood. Both men and women of all ages are at risk of developing this syndrome, but women are at an even higher risk. The management of burning mouth syndrome usually consists of the use of antidepressants. In this case report, we present a case of a 75-year-old lady who presented to the psychiatric clinic for management of her depressive symptoms. She was prescribed escitalopram and her dose was later increased. She then started experiencing a burning sensation in her mouth. She was seen by dental, medical, and psychological specialties regarding her symptoms. After careful historical and clinical evaluation, she was finally diagnosed with antidepressant-induced burning mouth syndrome. Antidepressant-induced burning mouth syndrome is a rare but very important condition to recognize. It has a huge effect on patients' quality of life. The management of patients with antidepressant-induced burning mouth syndrome needs the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. Further high-quality studies are needed to help healthcare professionals better approach such patients.
PubMed: 37771652
DOI: 10.1177/2050313X231200999 -
PloS One 2023The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical gabapentin solution (250 mg/mL) for the management of burning mouth syndrome...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical gabapentin solution (250 mg/mL) for the management of burning mouth syndrome (BMS).
STUDY DESIGN
A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients diagnosed with BMS and managed with gabapentin 250 mg/mL solution (swish and spit) between January 2021 and October 2022. Patient-reported outcomes included changes in burning score ranked on a 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS) and reported adverse drug reactions (ADR). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess differences in the oral burning score ranked on a NRS (0-10) between the baseline visit and the second visit.
RESULTS
A total of 19 patients (68.4% females) with BMS were included and evaluated for follow-up at a median of 86 days (range: 29-195). Overall, patients reported a median 2-point burning decrease on a 0-10 NRS between the baseline visit and the second visit (p < 0.01). ADRs were reported by 3 patients (15.8%).
CONCLUSION
Although this was a small retrospective study, BMS management with topical gabapentin (250 mg/mL) appears to be effective and well-tolerated. Future randomized prospective studies are needed to verify these preliminary findings.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Gabapentin; Retrospective Studies; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 38096135
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295559 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Aug 2023Xerostomia and sialorrhea often accompany Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) despite no change in saliva quantity. This study analyzed BMS patients with different symptom...
BACKGROUND
Xerostomia and sialorrhea often accompany Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) despite no change in saliva quantity. This study analyzed BMS patients with different symptom combinations: burning only (B), burning and xerostomia (BX), burning and sialorrhea (BS), and burning with xerostomia and sialorrhea (BXS), using a large sample of 500 patients from the University of Naples Federico II.
METHODS
After a medical evaluation, patients were divided into four groups based on their reported symptoms: B (140), BX (253), BS (49), and BXS (58). Patient data on education, BMI, smoking/alcohol habits, comorbidities, medication use, pain intensity, quality, and psychological profile were collected.
RESULTS
The BX group showed a higher prevalence of patients taking blood thinners. Additional symptoms varied among groups, with the BX group experiencing more dysgeusia and globus, and the BS group reporting more tingling. Multivariate analysis identified BMI, dysgeusia, globus, and blood thinner use as significant factors in the B and BX groups, while male gender, tingling, alcohol use, and pain quality were significant in the BS and BXS groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, BMS patients display a complex range of symptoms, with xerostomia being the most frequent additional symptom. Sociodemographic, psychological, and medical factors cannot fully explain the variations in symptomatology among different patient subgroups. Further research is needed to understand the underlying causes and develop tailored treatment approaches.
PubMed: 37685630
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175561