-
Revista de Neurologia May 2015Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is mainly found in middle aged or elderly women and is characterized by intense burning or itching sensation of the tongue or other regions... (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is mainly found in middle aged or elderly women and is characterized by intense burning or itching sensation of the tongue or other regions of the oral mucosa. It can be accompanied by xerostomia and dysgeusia. The syndrome generally manifests spontaneously, and the discomfort is typically of a continuous nature but increases in intensity during the evening and at night. Although BMS classically has been attributed to a range of factors, in recent years evidence has been obtained relating it peripheral (sensory C and/or trigeminal nerve fibers) or central neuropathic disturbances (involving the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system). The differential diagnosis requires the exclusion of oral mucosal lesions or blood test alterations that can produce burning mouth sensation. Patient management is based on the avoidance of causes of oral irritation and the provision of psychological support. Drug treatment for burning sensation in primary BMS of peripheral origin can consist of topical clonazepam, while central type BMS appears to improve with the use of antidepressants such as duloxetine, antiseizure drugs such as gabapentin, or amisulpride.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Algorithms; Amisulpride; Antidepressive Agents; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Clonazepam; Deficiency Diseases; Dentures; Duloxetine Hydrochloride; Female; Humans; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Orthodontic Appliances; Sex Distribution; Sulpiride; Tongue Habits
PubMed: 25952601
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a complex chronic neuropathic orofacial pain disorder characterized by a generalized or localized intraoral burning, dysesthetic... (Review)
Review
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a complex chronic neuropathic orofacial pain disorder characterized by a generalized or localized intraoral burning, dysesthetic sensation or pain of the oral mucosa, recurring daily for more than 2 h per day for more than 3 months, without any evidence of specific mucosal lesions and/or laboratory findings [...].
Topics: Humans; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Causality; Mouth Mucosa; Neuralgia
PubMed: 36613002
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010682 -
Cephalalgia : An International Journal... Feb 2022Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic idiopathic intractable intraoral dysaesthesia that remains a challenge to clinicians due to its poorly understood pathogenesis and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic idiopathic intractable intraoral dysaesthesia that remains a challenge to clinicians due to its poorly understood pathogenesis and inconsistent response to various treatments.
AIM
This review aimed to study the short- (≤3 months) and long-term (>3 months) effectiveness and sustainable benefit of different burning mouth syndrome treatment strategies and the associated side effects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Randomised controlled trials of burning mouth syndrome treatment compared with placebo or other interventions with a minimum follow up of 2 months were searched from the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane database (published to July 2020).
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and analysed. Nine categories of burning mouth syndrome treatment were identified: Anticonvulsant and antidepressant agents, phytomedicine and alpha lipoic acid supplements, low-level laser therapy, saliva substitute, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and cognitive behaviour therapy. Cognitive behaviour therapy, topical capsaicin and clonazepam, and laser therapy demonstrated favourable outcome in both short- and long-term assessment. Phytomedicines reported a short-term benefit in pain score reduction. The pooled effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) pain score improvement was low, but its positive effects increased in long term assessment.
CONCLUSION
A more significant volume in terms of sample size, multi-centres, and multi-arm comparison of therapeutic agents with placebo and longitudinal follow-up studies is recommended to establish a standardised burning mouth syndrome treatment protocol. Further studies are required to assess the analgesic benefits of topical clonazepam and capsaicin, alternative medicines with neurodegenerative prevention capability and psychology support in treating burning mouth syndrome and reducing systemic adverse drug reactions. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO):Protocol ID - CRD42020160892.
Topics: Burning Mouth Syndrome; Capsaicin; Clonazepam; Humans; Pain; Thioctic Acid
PubMed: 34404247
DOI: 10.1177/03331024211036152 -
Dental and Medical Problems 2020Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is idiopathic chronic oral pain, associated with depression, anxiety and pain symptoms. The BMS symptoms include a burning sensation in the...
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is idiopathic chronic oral pain, associated with depression, anxiety and pain symptoms. The BMS symptoms include a burning sensation in the tongue and/or other oral mucosa with no underlying medical or dental reasons. As many BMS patients suffer from psychiatric comorbidities, several psychotropic drugs are included in the management of BMS, reducing the complaint, while managing anxiety, depression and pain disorders. In this review, a search of the published literature regarding the management of BMS was conducted. We discuss the BMS etiology, clinically associated symptoms and available treatment options. The current evidence supports some BMS interventions, including alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), clonazepam, capsaicin, and low-level laser therapy (LLLT); however, there is a lack of robust scientific evidence, and large-scale clinical trials with long follow-up periods are needed to establish the role of these BMS management options. This knowledge could raise the awareness of dentists, psychiatrists and general practitioners about these challenges and the available kinds of treatment to improve multidisciplinary management for better health outcomes.
Topics: Burning Mouth Syndrome; Capsaicin; Clonazepam; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Pain
PubMed: 33113291
DOI: 10.17219/dmp/120991 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver... Jun 2022Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as "idiopathic orofacial pain with intraoral burning or dysesthesia recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day and more than 3... (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as "idiopathic orofacial pain with intraoral burning or dysesthesia recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day and more than 3 months, without any identifiable causative lesions, with or without somatosensory changes" in International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 2020. Worldwide prevalence of BMS was estimated to be 1.73% in population-based studies, while female and elderly are at higher risk of BMS. The aim of this narrative review is to clarify the main etiopathogenetic factors of BMS investigated so far in the scientific literature. There is growing evidence of an important role of peripheral neuropathology in BMS, supported by immunohistochemical studies which have demonstrated a significant loss of epithelial and subepithelial nerve fibers. Other possible etiopathogenetic factors emerging from literature are laryngopharyngeal reflux and hormonal and salivary changes related to aging and menopause. Finally, the role of the oral microbiota in BMS has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Further studies are necessary to investigate the probably multifactorial etiopathogenesis of primary BMS, a pathology which has a serious impact on the quality of life of our patients, a disease we find ourselves treating without the adequate therapy and the necessary knowledge.
Topics: Aged; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Facial Pain; Female; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35574619
DOI: 10.15403/jgld-4245 -
Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin... 2013The head and neck regions are the most common sites of the human body to be involved in chronic pain conditions. Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition, and refers... (Review)
Review
The head and neck regions are the most common sites of the human body to be involved in chronic pain conditions. Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition, and refers to all pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction or transitory perturbation in the peripheral or central nervous system (CNS). Trigeminal neuralgia, atypical odontalgia (phantom tooth pain), burning mouth syndrome, traumatic neuropathies, postherpetic neuralgias and complex regional pain syndrome are neuropathic pain conditions in the orofacial region that can be encountered in pain and dental clinics. The majority of the time this problem is misdiagnosed by the dentist, which can lead to unnecessary treatments. These treatments may include endodontic treatment and extraction of the tooth or teeth in the region. In this review, only post-traumatic peripheral pain neuropathies seen after dental treatments will be discussed.
Topics: Dental Care; Facial Pain; Humans; Neuralgia; Pain, Intractable; Postoperative Period; Trigeminal Neuralgia
PubMed: 23588863
DOI: 10.5505/agri.2013.55477 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2020can be present as a cutaneous, mucosal or deep-seated organ infection, which is caused by more than 20 types of sp., with being the most common. These are pathogenic... (Review)
Review
can be present as a cutaneous, mucosal or deep-seated organ infection, which is caused by more than 20 types of sp., with being the most common. These are pathogenic yeast and are usually present in the normal microbiome. High-risk individuals are patients of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), organ transplant, and diabetes. During infection, pathogens can adhere to complement receptors and various extracellular matrix proteins in the oral and vaginal cavity. Oral and vaginal results from the overgrowth of sp. in the hosts, causing penetration of the oral and vaginal tissues. Symptoms include white patches in the mouth, tongue, throat, and itchiness or burning of genitalia. Diagnosis involves visual examination, microscopic analysis, or culturing. These infections are treated with a variety of antifungals that target different biosynthetic pathways of the pathogen. For example, echinochandins target cell wall biosynthesis, while allylamines, azoles, and morpholines target ergosterol biosynthesis, and 5-Flucytosine (5FC) targets nucleic acid biosynthesis. Azoles are commonly used in therapeutics, however, because of its fungistatic nature, sp. evolve azole resistance. Besides azoles, sp. also acquire resistance to polyenes, echinochandins, and 5FC. This review discusses, in detail, the drug resistance mechanisms adapted by sp.
PubMed: 32526921
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060312 -
Medicine Jan 2023Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and pelvodynia are chronic pain still poorly understood and the links between them are all the more so. Health professionals therefore have... (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and pelvodynia are chronic pain still poorly understood and the links between them are all the more so. Health professionals therefore have few resources to understand, diagnose and treat these pains. They may consider and treat these ailments individually, which does not represent optimal care management for the patient and leads to overmedication. This article aims to highlight their contiguity from epidemiological, etiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic perspectives. This study was based on articles which were found using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. No exclusion criteria were used. Fourteen studies were reviewed. This present work shows that the clinical presentations of these syndromes are similar, as exemplified by their strong association with anxiety and depression. The neurophysiological mechanisms involved in these conditions are similar to those in patients. The diagnosis is essentially based on visual examination and an elimination of all other possible causes. In addition, this work promotes the fact that a common therapy can be implemented when BMS and pelvodynia co-occur. However, the literature on the subject is still very limited. This can be deepened by exploring all the effective treatments in BMS and vulvodynia for penoscrotodynia. Finally, for all these pains, there is a therapeutic order to respect starting with a psychological approach, then topical treatments, systemic therapy and surgical. This therapeutic gradient assists practitioner in their patient's pain management. This article also allows health care providers to quickly find an effective systemic treatment for a patient with both BMS and pelvodynia.
Topics: Female; Humans; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Chronic Pain; Pain Management
PubMed: 36701734
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032648 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Jan 2016Burning mouth syndrome mainly affects women, particularly after the menopause, when its prevalence may be 18% to 33%. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Burning mouth syndrome mainly affects women, particularly after the menopause, when its prevalence may be 18% to 33%.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of selected treatments for burning mouth syndrome? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2015 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).
RESULTS
At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 70 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 45 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 25 studies and the further review of 20 full publications. Of the 20 full articles evaluated, one systematic review and nine RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for five PICO combinations.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for six interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of alphalipoic acid, benzodiazepines, benzydamine hydrochloride, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Benzodiazepines; Benzydamine; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26745781
DOI: No ID Found