-
Dental Clinics of North America Oct 2018Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disorder for which a definitive etiopathology is not known. The BMS patient often experiences a continuous burning pain in the... (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic disorder for which a definitive etiopathology is not known. The BMS patient often experiences a continuous burning pain in the mouth without any clinical signs. This confusing condition can create frustration for both patient and practitioner. Ultimately, it is important for the practitioner who treats head and face pain to become knowledgeable in the recognition of the many complexities and various presentations associated with BMS. In doing so, the practitioner can be better prepared to help patients cope with this confounding disorder and gain a better quality of life.
Topics: Burning Mouth Syndrome; Humans
PubMed: 30189984
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2018.05.006 -
Dermatologic Clinics Oct 2020Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic condition characterized by an intraoral burning sensation in the absence of a local or systemic cause. (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic condition characterized by an intraoral burning sensation in the absence of a local or systemic cause.
Topics: Burning Mouth Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans
PubMed: 32892856
DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2020.05.008 -
Dental Clinics of North America Jan 2023Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a rare chronic neuropathic pain condition characterized by recurring burning pain or dysesthesia in the absence of any local or systemic... (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a rare chronic neuropathic pain condition characterized by recurring burning pain or dysesthesia in the absence of any local or systemic causes of symptoms. The exact pathophysiology of BMS is unknown, but recent research suggests a medley of neuropathic, endocrinological, and psychosocial elements. This article presents a case history and reviews the epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical features, diagnostic investigations, pathophysiology, and management of BMS.
Topics: Humans; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Neuralgia
PubMed: 36404080
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.07.004 -
Revista de Neurologia May 2015Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is mainly found in middle aged or elderly women and is characterized by intense burning or itching sensation of the tongue or other regions... (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is mainly found in middle aged or elderly women and is characterized by intense burning or itching sensation of the tongue or other regions of the oral mucosa. It can be accompanied by xerostomia and dysgeusia. The syndrome generally manifests spontaneously, and the discomfort is typically of a continuous nature but increases in intensity during the evening and at night. Although BMS classically has been attributed to a range of factors, in recent years evidence has been obtained relating it peripheral (sensory C and/or trigeminal nerve fibers) or central neuropathic disturbances (involving the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system). The differential diagnosis requires the exclusion of oral mucosal lesions or blood test alterations that can produce burning mouth sensation. Patient management is based on the avoidance of causes of oral irritation and the provision of psychological support. Drug treatment for burning sensation in primary BMS of peripheral origin can consist of topical clonazepam, while central type BMS appears to improve with the use of antidepressants such as duloxetine, antiseizure drugs such as gabapentin, or amisulpride.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Algorithms; Amisulpride; Antidepressive Agents; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Clonazepam; Deficiency Diseases; Dentures; Duloxetine Hydrochloride; Female; Humans; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Orthodontic Appliances; Sex Distribution; Sulpiride; Tongue Habits
PubMed: 25952601
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a complex chronic neuropathic orofacial pain disorder characterized by a generalized or localized intraoral burning, dysesthetic... (Review)
Review
Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a complex chronic neuropathic orofacial pain disorder characterized by a generalized or localized intraoral burning, dysesthetic sensation or pain of the oral mucosa, recurring daily for more than 2 h per day for more than 3 months, without any evidence of specific mucosal lesions and/or laboratory findings [...].
Topics: Humans; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Causality; Mouth Mucosa; Neuralgia
PubMed: 36613002
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010682 -
Journal of Complementary & Integrative... Dec 2021Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is described by an intense burning sensation of the tongue or other oral areas without a clear etiopathology. The diagnosis of BMS is... (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is described by an intense burning sensation of the tongue or other oral areas without a clear etiopathology. The diagnosis of BMS is challenging due to variations of manifestations. The management of BMS is complicated due to the complex etiology of the disease. Many medications and treatment methods have been recommended for BMS management, but no one confirmed as the standard method. In this study, the therapeutic approaches of BMS were evaluated. The data of the article was obtained from PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The following terms including "burning mouth syndrome", "therapy", and "treatment" were used for search in the databases. A wide range of articles about the therapeutic approach of BMS was searched and reviewed. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have been used for BMS management. Pharmacological treatments are including Capsaicin, Clonazepam, Low-dose aripiprazole, Alpha-lipoic acid, Duloxetine, Amitriptyline, Gabapentin, and Pregabalin, and ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide. Non-pharmacological therapies for BMS are cognitive therapy, Electroconvulsive therapy, Laser therapy, Acupuncture and auriculotherapy, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Salivary Mechanical Stimulation, and Botulinum Toxin. A detailed assessment of the etiology and pathophysiology of BMS, and having information about novel therapeutic interventions are essential for the management of BMS.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Capsaicin; Humans
PubMed: 34881535
DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0434 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver... Jun 2022Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as "idiopathic orofacial pain with intraoral burning or dysesthesia recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day and more than 3... (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as "idiopathic orofacial pain with intraoral burning or dysesthesia recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day and more than 3 months, without any identifiable causative lesions, with or without somatosensory changes" in International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 2020. Worldwide prevalence of BMS was estimated to be 1.73% in population-based studies, while female and elderly are at higher risk of BMS. The aim of this narrative review is to clarify the main etiopathogenetic factors of BMS investigated so far in the scientific literature. There is growing evidence of an important role of peripheral neuropathology in BMS, supported by immunohistochemical studies which have demonstrated a significant loss of epithelial and subepithelial nerve fibers. Other possible etiopathogenetic factors emerging from literature are laryngopharyngeal reflux and hormonal and salivary changes related to aging and menopause. Finally, the role of the oral microbiota in BMS has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Further studies are necessary to investigate the probably multifactorial etiopathogenesis of primary BMS, a pathology which has a serious impact on the quality of life of our patients, a disease we find ourselves treating without the adequate therapy and the necessary knowledge.
Topics: Aged; Burning Mouth Syndrome; Facial Pain; Female; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35574619
DOI: 10.15403/jgld-4245 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Feb 2022In this chapter, the authors review the benefits of saliva and the destructive consequences of its loss. It is hoped that this will help their colleagues identify and... (Review)
Review
In this chapter, the authors review the benefits of saliva and the destructive consequences of its loss. It is hoped that this will help their colleagues identify and treat patients before development of symptoms. Xerostomia is the subjective complaint of dry mouth or sensation of oral dryness. Hyposalivation is the actual decrease in measured salivary outflow. The authors discuss a compiled list of highly cited medications commonly used today that are linked with xerostomia and hyposalivation. There are numerous treatment modalities that are present, such as saliva substitutes, mouth rinses, sugar-free candy, and pilocarpine among others.
Topics: Burning Mouth Syndrome; Humans; Saliva; Xerostomia
PubMed: 34598858
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2021.08.002 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Aug 2016Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an enigmatic, misunderstood, and under-recognized painful condition. Symptoms associated with BMS can be varied, thereby providing a... (Review)
Review
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an enigmatic, misunderstood, and under-recognized painful condition. Symptoms associated with BMS can be varied, thereby providing a challenge for practitioners and having a negative impact on oral health-related quality of life for patients. Management also remains a challenge for practitioners because it is currently only targeted for symptom relief without a definitive cure. There is an urgent need for further investigations to determine the efficacy of different therapies because this is the only way viable therapeutic options can be established for patients with this chronic and painful syndrome.
Topics: Burning Mouth Syndrome; Chronic Pain; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Quality of Life
PubMed: 27475513
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2016.03.005 -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... Feb 2013Pain in the tongue or oral tissues described as "burning" has been referred to by many terms including burning mouth syndrome. When a burning sensation in the mouth is... (Review)
Review
Pain in the tongue or oral tissues described as "burning" has been referred to by many terms including burning mouth syndrome. When a burning sensation in the mouth is caused by local or systemic factors, it is called secondary burning mouth syndrome and when these factors are treated the pain will resolve. When burning mouth syndrome occurs in the absence of identified risk indicators, the term primary burning mouth syndrome is utilized. This article focuses on descriptions, etiologic theories, and management of primary burning mouth syndrome, a condition for which underlying causative agents have been ruled out.
Topics: Burning Mouth Syndrome; Humans
PubMed: 23201368
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2012.11.001