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Injury Prevention : Journal of the... Jun 2006The extent to which various interventions to deal with the young driver crash problem have worked are discussed, and promising interventions that should be tried are... (Review)
Review
The extent to which various interventions to deal with the young driver crash problem have worked are discussed, and promising interventions that should be tried are identified. Traditional forms of driver licensing and driver education have not worked. Graduated licensing reduces the problem and existing laws need to be strengthened. Programs involving parents and police have shown some potential to increase compliance with graduated licensing restrictions. Insurer discount programs also have potential. In other public health areas, comprehensive programs have worked better than those based on single components. There are continuing efforts to develop new driver education and training programs and methods of delivery that can combine with graduated licensing and contribute to reductions in the young driver problem. The most promising intervention strategy is likely to be a coordinated community based program in states with strong graduated licensing laws as a foundation, involving modern education and training techniques, insurance discount programs, and well publicized enforcement and education programs featuring parents and police in combination, with as much input and participation as possible from the target group of young drivers.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Automobile Driving; Forecasting; Health Policy; Humans; Licensure; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Safety; United States
PubMed: 16788111
DOI: 10.1136/ip.2006.011783 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Dec 2014The scope of this study is to contribute to the improvement of Occupational Health Surveillance in the Unified Health System (UHS), through the recognition and inclusion...
The scope of this study is to contribute to the improvement of Occupational Health Surveillance in the Unified Health System (UHS), through the recognition and inclusion of a third type of work-related accident in the current Brazilian legislation classification: the dual causation accident. This classification aims at facilitating the establishment of a causal connection, thus broadening the understanding of the relationship between work process and the production of diseases. It also aims at improving legal rules to protect the health of workers. This approach, besides enabling the identification of sentinel events (starting point of surveillance activities), might contribute not only to a decrease in underreporting of work-related accidents, but also to the uniformity of concepts and the implementation of integrated actions of the National Social Security Institute (NISS), the UHS, the Ministry of Labor (MLE) and the Judiciary for the protection of workers. To propose a third type of occupational accident, a study of occupational accidents and causes of underreporting was conducted, with reference to the Brazilian labor legislation in the context of the National Policy on Occupational Health and the UHS.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Brazil; Humans; Occupational Health; Public Health Surveillance
PubMed: 25388178
DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320141912.07722013 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2020The accidents caused by hazardous material during road transportation may result in catastrophic losses of lives and economics, as well as damages to the environment....
The accidents caused by hazardous material during road transportation may result in catastrophic losses of lives and economics, as well as damages to the environment. Regarding the deficiencies in the information systems of hazmat transportation accidents, this study conducts a survey of 371 accidents with consequence Levels II to V involving road transportation in China from 2004-2018. The study proposes a comprehensive analysis framework for understanding the overall status associated with key factors of hazmat transportation in terms of characteristics, cause, and severity. By incorporating the adaptive data analysis techniques and tackling uncertainty, the preventative measures can be carried out for supporting safety management in hazmat transportation. Thus, this study firstly analyzed spatial-temporal trends to understand the major characteristics of hazmat transportation accidents. Secondly, it presents a quantitative description of the relation among the hazmat properties, accident characteristics, and the consequences of the accidents using the decision tree approach. Thirdly, an enhanced F-N curve-based analysis method that can describe the relationship between cumulative probability and number of deaths , was proposed under the power-law distribution and applied to several practical data sets for severity analysis. It can evaluate accident severity of hazmat material by road transportation while taking into account uncertainty in terms of data sources. Through the introduction of the as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) principle for determining acceptable and tolerable levels, it is indicated that the F-N curves are above the tolerable line for most hazmat accident scenarios. The findings can provide an empirically supported theoretical basis for the decision-makers to take action to reduce accident frequencies and risks for effective hazmat transportation management.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Chemical Hazard Release; China; Hazardous Substances; Safety Management; Transportation
PubMed: 32316693
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082793 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Sep 1991Eight hospitals reported 781 non-iatrogenic accidents occurring to patients and visitors under 16 years of age during an 18 month period up to October 1989. Accidents...
Eight hospitals reported 781 non-iatrogenic accidents occurring to patients and visitors under 16 years of age during an 18 month period up to October 1989. Accidents more often involved boys and children aged 3 to 5 years old. Falls from a height, slips, and striking accidents were common by day and falls by night. A total of 41% of accidents to inpatients occurred when parents were present. Only three accidents were serious. Altogether 27% involved beds and cots, and only one consequent injury was more than minor. Data collected routinely in case of medicolegal action can be presented in a form that may facilitate preventative work. Potentially remediable causes for concern include falls from beds and cots and the use of makeshift equipment.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidental Falls; Accidents; Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Patients' Rooms; Sex Factors; United Kingdom
PubMed: 1929510
DOI: 10.1136/adc.66.9.1047 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2019Very little is known about the extent to which seemingly vulnerable younger and older adults appraise household risks and relatedly whether safety information focused on...
Very little is known about the extent to which seemingly vulnerable younger and older adults appraise household risks and relatedly whether safety information focused on raising risk awareness influences intentions to reduce hazards in the home. The present study assessed age differences in accident experience, risk attitudes, household accident risk perceptions, comparative optimism, personal control, efficacy judgements, and intentions to remove household hazards. It also examined the predictors of these intentions. Thirty-eight younger adults (aged 18 to 25) and forty older adults (aged 65 to 87) completed study booklets containing all measures. There were significant age group differences for all accident experience and risk-related variables. Younger adults experienced more accidents, had riskier attitudes, and had significantly lower cognitive risk perceptions (i.e., they were less likely to be injured due to a household accident). They also had lower affective risk perceptions (i.e., they were less worried) about their accident risk and perceived more personal control over the risk compared with older adults. Young adults were comparatively optimistic about their risk while older adults were pessimistic. Older adults had higher response efficacy and intentions to reduce hazards in the home. Only worry, response efficacy, and risk attitudes predicted intention, however, these relationships were not moderated by age or efficacy appraisal. Although tentative theoretical and practical implications are presented, further research is required in order to better understand the objective and subjective risk associated with household accidents, and to determine the factors that may improve safety, particularly for those most vulnerable.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude to Health; Awareness; Female; Housing; Humans; Intention; Judgment; Male; Optimism; Perception; Risk; Young Adult
PubMed: 31242609
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122237 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2019An improved accident causation model which demonstrates the relationships among different causal factors was proposed in this study. It provides a pathway for accident...
An improved accident causation model which demonstrates the relationships among different causal factors was proposed in this study. It provides a pathway for accident analysis from the individual level to the organizational level. Unsafe acts and conditions determined by individuals' poor safety knowledge, low safety awareness, bad safety habits, etc. are the immediate causes of an accident. Deficiencies in safety management systems and safety culture remain the root causes, which can cause consequences at the individual level. Moreover, the weaknesses of an organization's safety culture can have a great impact on the formation of a good safety climate and can further lead to poor decision-making and implementation of procedures in the safety management system. In order to contribute to a better perception and understanding of the accident causation model, one typical case in the process industry, the oil leak and explosion of the Sinopec Donghuang pipelines, was selected for this study. The causality from immediate causes to root causes is demonstrated in sequence and can be shown in this model explicitly and logically. Several important lessons are summarized from the results and targeted measures can be taken to avoid similar mistakes in the future. This model provides a clear and resourceful method for the safety and risk practitioner's toolkit in accident investigation and analysis, and the organization can use it as a tool to conduct staff trainings and thus to keep accidents under control.
Topics: Accidents; Humans; Industry; Models, Organizational; Safety Management
PubMed: 31382352
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152756 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Feb 2020Objective To discuss the application of 3D laser scanner and computer technology in restoration of the accident scene and reconstruction of the accident process, as well...
Objective To discuss the application of 3D laser scanner and computer technology in restoration of the accident scene and reconstruction of the accident process, as well as identification of the driver-passenger relationship. Methods The scene of a traffic accident, the accident vehicle and the vehicle of the same type as accident vehicle were scanned using 3D laser scanner. The accident scene, traces and accident vehicle were integrated using computer technology to restore the accident scene, and the accident process was reconstructed and analyzed by combining the characteristics of the body injuries. Results By restoring the accident scene and reconstructing the accident process with 3D laser scanner, it was determined that Wu was in the driving seat at the time of the accident. Conclusion It is more objective and scientific to use 3D laser scanning technology to restore the accident scene, reconstruct the accident process and analyze the moving track of the driver and passengers in the vehicle. It will help to improve the accuracy of forensic identification of road traffic accidents.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Computer Simulation
PubMed: 32250082
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.01.014 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2013Singled out by statistics as the third leading cause of mortality in our country, external causes (accidents and violence) entail a great impact with economic, social... (Review)
Review
Singled out by statistics as the third leading cause of mortality in our country, external causes (accidents and violence) entail a great impact with economic, social and emotional rebound. Knowing the factors related to the event is essential, because it allows identifying and breaking the web that determines morbidity and mortality from external causes. The study aims to analyze the existing publications on the factors associated with accidents and violence, in order to provide theoretical support for professionals in their practices. This is a bibliographical study of the Liliacs, Medline and Scielo databanks. The knowledge of the risk and protection factors discussed in the present study enables subsidize the practice of social actors engaged in transforming the conditions that lead to accidents and violence.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents; Adolescent; Child; Humans; Risk Factors; Violence
PubMed: 24008713
DOI: 10.1590/s0034-71672013000400017 -
British Medical Journal Aug 1971
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Aviation; Aircraft; Fires
PubMed: 5566613
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Nov 1965
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; United Kingdom
PubMed: 5849141
DOI: No ID Found