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Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2022Generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch) is a rare and acute eruption characterized by multiple sterile pustules over an erythematous and edematous background,... (Review)
Review
Generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch) is a rare and acute eruption characterized by multiple sterile pustules over an erythematous and edematous background, eventually associated with psoriasis vulgaris. Classically, it manifests as a potentially severe systemic picture and demands prompt diagnosis and intervention. The duration of each flare-up and intervals between the pustular episodes is extremely variable. Recently, genetic abnormalities have been identified mainly in the familial and early variants of this disease. The therapeutic arsenal is limited; however, new drugs being evaluated aim to control both pustular flare-ups and disease recurrences.
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Exanthema; Humans; Psoriasis; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous
PubMed: 34838431
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.05.011 -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Jun 2022Viral and paraviral exanthems are the most common exanthems in children and are often the reason for a medical evaluation, especially in pediatric primary care and... (Review)
Review
Viral and paraviral exanthems are the most common exanthems in children and are often the reason for a medical evaluation, especially in pediatric primary care and emergency rooms. Familiarity with the various eruptions is important for early diagnosis and patient management as well as minimizing the risk of infection. In this review, we present the newly described entities reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruptions (RIME) and the pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS). In addition, atypical manifestations of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome and hand, foot, and mouth disease are discussed.
Topics: Acrodermatitis; COVID-19; Child; Exanthema; Humans
PubMed: 35612655
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05000-w -
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2020Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is now considered as a distinct clinical entity. It clinically presents as well demarcated hyperpigmented papules and plaques with thick... (Review)
Review
Necrolytic acral erythema (NAE) is now considered as a distinct clinical entity. It clinically presents as well demarcated hyperpigmented papules and plaques with thick adherent scales distributed symmetrically over dorsum of feet. It usually develops in patients with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Cases of NAE have been reported in patients without HCV infection. Hepatic dysfunction resulting in metabolic alterations like hypoalbuminemia, hypoaminoacidemia, hyperglucagonemia and transient zinc deficiency has been proposed as underlying pathogenic mechanism of NAE. Clinically, NAE resembles other necrolytic erythemas like necrolytic migratory erythema (NME), acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) and pellagra. Better understanding of etiopathogenesis and histopathological features is important to distinguish NAE from other necrolytic erythemas. The disease runs a natural course of exacerbations and remissions. Non-invasive diagnostic tools like dermoscopy can be used in differential diagnosis of NAE. Oral zinc therapy is the most effective treatment of NAE reported in most of the cases irrespective of HCV status or serum zinc levels.
PubMed: 32308461
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S189175 -
Boletin Medico Del Hospital Infantil de... 2017Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a low-incidence disease due to inherited or acquired zinc deficiency. It is characterized by acral dermatitis, alopecia, diarrhea and...
INTRODUCTION
Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a low-incidence disease due to inherited or acquired zinc deficiency. It is characterized by acral dermatitis, alopecia, diarrhea and growth retardation. The dermatological condition may mimic a cutaneous fungal infection or other pathogen-related skin diseases.
CASE REPORT
We report the case of a female patient of 7 months of age, who was sent to Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre for suspicion of immunodeficiency and cutaneous mycosis. Her condition began with dermatosis disseminated to the head, trunk and genital region; initial treatment with antifungal and broad spectrum antibiotics was given, without improvement. Upon admission, immunodeficiency and fungal infection were discarded. Acrodermatitis enteropathica was suspected, and corroborated later by low serum zinc levels. Immediately after the start of oral treatment with zinc, the patient showed improvement.
CONCLUSIONS
There are multiple differential diagnoses of acrodermatitis enteropathica, which includes cutaneous infections. Therefore, the early recognition of the characteristic lesions favors suspicion, diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Topics: Acrodermatitis; Administration, Oral; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Skin Diseases; Zinc
PubMed: 29382519
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmhimx.2017.05.002 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Apr 1956
Topics: Acrodermatitis; Child; Humans; Infant; Zinc
PubMed: 13322929
DOI: No ID Found -
JAAD Case Reports Jun 2022
PubMed: 35542319
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.01.040 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2021
Topics: Acrodermatitis; Diaper Rash; Diarrhea; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Infant; Male; Zinc
PubMed: 33903138
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.201181-f -
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Dec 2023Recent advances in medical genetics elucidated the background of diseases characterized by superficial dermal and epidermal inflammation with resultant aberrant... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in medical genetics elucidated the background of diseases characterized by superficial dermal and epidermal inflammation with resultant aberrant keratosis. This led to introducing the term autoinflammatory keratinization diseases encompassing entities in which monogenic mutations cause spontaneous activation of the innate immunity and subsequent disruption of the keratinization process. Originally, autoinflammatory keratinization diseases were attributed to pathogenic variants of CARD14 (generalized pustular psoriasis with concomitant psoriasis vulgaris, palmoplantar pustulosis, type V pityriasis rubra pilaris), IL36RN (generalized pustular psoriasis without concomitant psoriasis vulgaris, impetigo herpetiformis, acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau), NLRP1 (familial forms of keratosis lichenoides chronica), and genes of the mevalonate pathway, i.e., MVK, PMVK, MVD, and FDPS (porokeratosis). Since then, endotypes underlying novel entities matching the concept of autoinflammatory keratinization diseases have been discovered (mutations of JAK1, POMP, and EGFR). This review describes the concept and pathophysiology of autoinflammatory keratinization diseases and outlines the characteristic clinical features of the associated entities. Furthermore, a novel term for NLRP1-associated autoinflammatory disease with epithelial dyskeratosis (NADED) describing the spectrum of autoinflammatory keratinization diseases secondary to NLRP1 mutations is proposed.
Topics: Humans; Psoriasis; Inflammation; Mutation; Immunity, Innate; Keratosis; Guanylate Cyclase; Membrane Proteins; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Interleukins
PubMed: 38103162
DOI: 10.1007/s12016-023-08971-3 -
Translational Science of Rare Diseases Dec 2017Trace elements are chemical elements needed in minute amounts for normal physiology. Some of the physiologically relevant trace elements include iodine, copper, iron,... (Review)
Review
Trace elements are chemical elements needed in minute amounts for normal physiology. Some of the physiologically relevant trace elements include iodine, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, cobalt and molybdenum. Of these, some are metals, and in particular, transition metals. The different electron shells of an atom carry different energy levels, with those closest to the nucleus being lowest in energy. The number of electrons in the outermost shell determines the reactivity of such an atom. The electron shells are divided in sub-shells, and in particular the third shell has s, p and d sub-shells. Transition metals are strictly defined as elements whose atom has an incomplete d sub-shell. This incomplete d sub-shell makes them prone to chemical reactions, particularly redox reactions. Transition metals of biologic importance include copper, iron, manganese, cobalt and molybdenum. Zinc is not a transition metal, since it has a complete d sub-shell. Selenium, on the other hand, is strictly speaking a nonmetal, although given its chemical properties between those of metals and nonmetals, it is sometimes considered a metalloid. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the inborn errors of metal and metalloid metabolism.
PubMed: 29354481
DOI: 10.3233/TRD-170015 -
Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii Apr 2023Recent years have seen a growing interest in a healthy lifestyle, particularly nutrition. An important component of a balanced diet is the microelement content. Zinc is... (Review)
Review
Recent years have seen a growing interest in a healthy lifestyle, particularly nutrition. An important component of a balanced diet is the microelement content. Zinc is the second most abundant trace element, after iron. It has antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions, and plays important roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including dermatoses. Individuals with a zinc deficiency may present with nonspecific erythematous, pustular, erosive, and bullous lesions as well as alopecia, nail dystrophy, and a variety of systemic symptoms. Any individual assessment of zinc levels should consider risk factors for deficiency, clinical symptoms, type of diet, and results of laboratory analyses. Recent research has shed light on the systemic and topical effects of zinc, indicating the value of its supplementation for many conditions.
PubMed: 37312919
DOI: 10.5114/ada.2023.127639