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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Marine natural products have been recognized as the most promising source of bioactive substances for drug discovery research. This review illustrates the diversity of... (Review)
Review
Marine natural products have been recognized as the most promising source of bioactive substances for drug discovery research. This review illustrates the diversity of culturable actinobacteria associated with marine algae, their bioactivity and metabolites, and approaches to their isolation and determination of their biological properties. Furthermore, actinobacteria associated with marine algae are presented as a new subject for an extensive investigation to find novel and active natural products, which make them a potentially rich and innovative source for new drug development deserving more attention and exploration.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Drug Discovery; Bacteria
PubMed: 37446800
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135138 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2001
Topics: Actinomyces; Humans; Myocarditis; Treponema pallidum
PubMed: 11252315
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM200103153441116 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Apr 2021Hepatic Actinomycosis (HA) is one of the infections that causes disorders in patients when diagnosed untimely and inappropriately. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hepatic Actinomycosis (HA) is one of the infections that causes disorders in patients when diagnosed untimely and inappropriately.
METHODS
Case reports on HA in patients published between 2000 and April 2020 were gathered by carrying out a structured search through PubMed/Medline.
RESULTS
Through a survey of the Medline database, 130 studies were identified and then, 64 cases with HA were included in the final analysis. Asia had the largest share of cases with 37.5% (24 reports), followed by Europe and the Americas. Affected patients were predominantly males (64%) and the overall mortality rate was 1% with only one male patient in his 50 s dying. Nearly all patients (92%) were immunocompetent. However, in four patients, the use of immunosuppressive medication led to depression of the immune system. Most of the patients (80%) experienced complications. In terms of the complications, the most frequent ones were previous history of abdominal surgery (32%) and foreign bodies in the abdominopelvic region (20%). Actinomyces israelii was the most common pathogen isolated from patients. Abdominal pain (66%), fever (62%), weight loss (48%), night sweat, malaise, and anorexia (14%) over about 3.1 months were the most frequently reported clinical symptoms. Extension to one or more surrounding organs was evident in 18 patients (28%). Histopathologic examination confirmed infection in 67% of the patients and samples obtained from liver puncture biopsy (32%) were most frequently used in diagnosis. Surgery or puncture drainage + anti-infection was the most common method to treat patients and penicillin, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, and ampicillin were the most frequently used drugs to control infection.
CONCLUSION
HA should be considered in patients with a subacute or chronic inflammatory process of the liver. With accurate and timely diagnosis of infection, extensive surgery can be prevented.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Asia; Europe; Humans; Male
PubMed: 33931097
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01821-5 -
Natural Product Reports Aug 2016Covering up to end 2015Microbial fermentation provides an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis for the production of structurally complex natural products. In... (Review)
Review
Covering up to end 2015Microbial fermentation provides an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis for the production of structurally complex natural products. In most cases, however, production titers are low and need to be improved for compound characterization and/or commercial production. Owing to advances in functional genomics and genetic engineering technologies, microbial hosts can be engineered to overproduce a desired natural product, greatly accelerating the traditionally time-consuming strain improvement process. This review covers recent developments and challenges in the engineering of native and heterologous microbial hosts for the production of bacterial natural products, focusing on the genetic tools and strategies for strain improvement. Special emphasis is placed on bioactive secondary metabolites from actinomycetes. The considerations for the choice of host systems will also be discussed in this review.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacteria; Biological Products; Genetic Engineering; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 27072804
DOI: 10.1039/c6np00017g -
Infection Apr 2011Actinomyces neuii, a species first described in 1994, has proven to be an exception in this genus on account of its aerobic growth, microscopic morphology (no... (Review)
Review
Actinomyces neuii, a species first described in 1994, has proven to be an exception in this genus on account of its aerobic growth, microscopic morphology (no branching), and the types and location of infections. Abscesses and infected atheromas are the most frequent types of infections, followed by infected skin structures, endophthalmitis, and bacteremias, including endocarditis. They are most likely of endogenous origin. To date, approximately 100 cases have been recorded in the literature. Intra-abdominal and intrathoracic infections, however, have not yet been described, and cases of classical actinomycosis seem to be extremely rare. Prognosis has generally been good with antibiotic and/or surgical treatment. Susceptibility to antibiotics has paralleled that of other Actinomyces spp.
Topics: Abscess; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Aerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Debridement; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Endophthalmitis; Humans; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Skin Diseases, Bacterial
PubMed: 21340579
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-011-0088-6 -
BioMed Research International 2022The relationship between urinary system tumors and urothelial microorganisms remains unexplored. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between urinary flora...
The relationship between urinary system tumors and urothelial microorganisms remains unexplored. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between urinary flora and urinary tumors and identifying potential biomarkers for urinary tumors and new targets for prevention. We included four healthy adults (control group) and six patients diagnosed with urinary tract tumors (tumor group). In both groups, 10 and 50 ml clean middle urine samples were reserved. The 10 ml samples were analyzed (including pH, specific gravity, and leukocytes) using an automatic urine analyzer, and the 50 ml samples were analyzed by DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplification, and high-throughput sequencing. The correlation between routine urine analysis and sequencing results was also analyzed. Testing using the DESeq2 method showed that, at the order level, there were significant differences in the abundance of Caulobacterales between the urinary flora of the two groups ( < 0.05); family level, , , and ( < 0.05); genus level, , , , , , , and ( < 0.05). LEfSe analysis found specific bacteria at the genus level in the urinary flora of the tumor group, namely, (genus Digestiflora) ( < 0.001) and Varibaculum ( < 0.001). Further correlation analysis showed that both species were positively correlated with the urine pH ( < 0.05). PICRUSt analysis showed significant differences in the two functional pathways of cell transformation and metabolism ( < 0.05). Combined with the results of bioinformatics analysis, some differential bacteria may be new biomarkers for urologic tumors, and there may be a correlation between urine pH and tumor occurrence. However, large-scale prospective studies and in vitro and in vivo experiments are required to further test and verify these findings.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Adult; Bacteria; Clostridiales; Humans; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Urinary Tract; Urologic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35872872
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9368687 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2021: species are part of the normal flora of humans and rarely cause disease. It is an uncommon cause of disease in humans. The clinical features of actinomycosis have...
: species are part of the normal flora of humans and rarely cause disease. It is an uncommon cause of disease in humans. The clinical features of actinomycosis have been described, and various anatomical sites (such as face, bones and joints, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, digestive tract, central nervous system, skin, and soft tissue structures) can be affected. It is not easy to identify actinomycosis because it sometimes mimics cancer due to under-recognition. As new diagnostic methods have been applied, can now more easily be identified at the species level. Recent studies have also highlighted differences among species. We report a case of bacteremia with cutaneous actinomycosis. : A 66 years old male developed fever for a day with progressive right lower-leg erythematous swelling. Blood culture isolates yielded species, which was identified as by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, we searched for the term or actinomycosis cross-referenced with bacteremia or "blood culture" or "blood stream" from January 2010 to July 2020. The infectious diseases caused by species of from January 1977 to July 2020 were also reviewed. : The patient recovered well after intravenous ampicillin treatment. Poor oral hygiene was confirmed by dental examination. There were no disease relapses during the following period. Most cases of actinomycosis can be treated with penicillin. However, clinical alertness, risk factor evaluation, and identification of species can prevent inappropriate antibiotic or intervention. We also compiled a total of 18 cases of bacteremia after conducting an online database search. : In summary, we describe a case of fever and progressive cellulitis. species was isolated from blood culture, which was further identified as by 16S rRNA sequencing. The cellulitis improved after pathogen-directed antibiotics. Evaluation of risk factors in patients with bacteremia and further identification of the species are recommended for successful treatment.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomyces viscosus; Actinomycosis; Aged; Bacteremia; Humans; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34684101
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101064 -
Marine Drugs Aug 2022Four actinomycete strains isolated from the coral and coral sand samples from the South China Sea, were found to produce a series of halogenated compounds baring...
Four actinomycete strains isolated from the coral and coral sand samples from the South China Sea, were found to produce a series of halogenated compounds baring similar ultraviolet absorption based on the analysis of HPLC and LC-MS. The production titers of halogenated compounds from SCSIO 64983 exceeded those of other similar strains leading us to focus on SCSIO 64983. Four new thiocarbazomycins A-B (-), chlocarbazomycin E (), and brocarbazomycin A (), together with three known chlocarbazomycins A-C (-) containing a carbazole core were identified, and their structures were determined using a combination of spectroscopic analysis including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Structurally speaking, compounds and have the rare sulfur-containing carbazole nuclei, and and contain Cl and Br atoms, respectively. Although these compounds have not yet been found to have obvious biological activity, their discovery highlights the role of molecular libraries in subsequent drug discovery campaigns.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Animals; Anthozoa; Carbazoles; Coral Reefs; Sand
PubMed: 36005541
DOI: 10.3390/md20080537 -
Applied Microbiology May 1965The presence in soil of large numbers of a catalase-negative, microaerophilic, coccoid microorganism was demonstrated. Use of media of high nutrient value, without...
The presence in soil of large numbers of a catalase-negative, microaerophilic, coccoid microorganism was demonstrated. Use of media of high nutrient value, without incorporation of inhibitors, and growth in the absence of antagonistic microorganisms were utilized to isolate this organism from soil dilutions greater than those providing growth by other means. The organism described does not grow on soil extract agars and is missed by conventional counting techniques for soil organisms. On the basis of morphological and growth characteristics, this organism appears to have at least some taxonomic relationships to the families Actinomycetaceae and Mycobacteriaceae. It is proposed that this organism makes up much of the coccoid microflora of soil as observed by light and ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycetales; California; Catalase; Classification; Culture Media; Fluorescence; Geraniaceae; Microscopy; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Mycobacterium; Pennsylvania; Research; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 14325269
DOI: 10.1128/am.13.3.327-334.1965 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Dec 2020We report the case of a 90-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital due to a three-day history of right abdominal pain and fever of 39 °C (102 °F). The...
We report the case of a 90-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital due to a three-day history of right abdominal pain and fever of 39 °C (102 °F). The patient's blood pressure was low, with good blood perfusion and no jaundice, and her abdomen was soft and tender in the right hypochondriac and lateral region, with no guarding. Laboratory tests showed: blood glucose level of 201 mg/dl, 362 U/l AST, 237 U/l ALT, 2.5 mg/dl bilirubin, 237 U/l alkaline phosphatase and leukocytosis associated with a left shift. An abdominal ultrasound scan showed a collection of echogenic material and a shadow suggestive of air in hepatic segment 3. Meropenem and metronidazole treatment was started after taking blood cultures, which were negative. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed the presence of a liver abscess in segment 3, containing a high-density linear image.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Arcanobacterium; Female; Humans; Liver Abscess; Metronidazole; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33054279
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.7029/2020