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European Archives of... Apr 2017Adenoids play a key role in both respiratory and ear infection in children. It has also been shown that adenoidectomy improves these symptoms in this population. The... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Adenoids play a key role in both respiratory and ear infection in children. It has also been shown that adenoidectomy improves these symptoms in this population. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate adenoid bacterial colonization and document a possible relation with infectious respiratory disease. A prospective observational study was designed to evaluate the proposed hypothesis in a paediatric population submitted to adenoidectomy by either infectious or non-infectious indications and compare these two cohorts. A total of 62 patients with ages ranging from 1 to 12 years old were enrolled in the study. Adenoid surface, adenoid core and middle meatus microbiota were compared. A close association between adenoid colonization and nasal infection was found, supporting that adenoids may function as bacterial reservoir for upper airway infection. The obtained results also contribute to explain the success of adenoidectomy in patients with infectious indications.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 28213779
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4493-z -
Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish... Sep 2023<br><b>Introduction:</b> Malignant minor salivary gland tumors are rare, accounting for fewer than 1% of all laryngeal cancers.</br>...
<br><b>Introduction:</b> Malignant minor salivary gland tumors are rare, accounting for fewer than 1% of all laryngeal cancers.</br> <br><b>Aim:</b> This study aims to share our experiences regarding clinical, radiological, pathological profiles and their management.</br> <br><b>Materials and methods:</b> The current study reviews 11 cases of malignant minor salivary gland tumors of the larynx treated surgically at our Institute between 2005 and 2019.</br> <br><b>Results:</b> The mean age of the patients was 54 years (range 38-75 years) with six females and five males in the series (1.2:1). Subglottis and trachea were the sites of origin in 54% of the cases, and hoarseness with dyspnea were the most common presenting symptoms. There were nine Adenoid cystic and two Mucoepidermoid carcinoma patients. Surgery was the primary mode of treatment.</br> <br><b>Conclusions:</b> Most of the larynx's malignant minor salivary gland tumors are submucosal in origin. The outcome and prognosis vary considerably based on the tumor's histology, grade, and stage.</br>.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Adenoids; Hoarseness; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Larynx; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 38032326
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.4040 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Aug 2021Adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy in children are closely related to asthma. Their pathogenesis and clinical symptoms are interacted on each other. The unified airway... (Review)
Review
Adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy in children are closely related to asthma. Their pathogenesis and clinical symptoms are interacted on each other. The unified airway theory believes that the upper and lower respiratory tracts are connected through the release of systemic inflammatory factors. Studies have shown that adenoid and tonsillectomy surgery have a positive effect on the control and development of asthma. The symptoms of postoperative asthma, frequency of attacks, control medication and asthma severity related indicators in children were significantly reduced compared with those before surgery. It has been shown that asthma can increase the incidence of respiratory complications after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy, so postoperative care after adenotonsillectomy is also important to control asthma. Understanding the relationship between diseases can help clinicians make a more comprehensive diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Asthma; Child; Humans; Hypertrophy; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillectomy
PubMed: 34304542
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.08.019 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Nov 1978A group of 76 children who had been listed for adenoidectomy was investigated by scoring the symptoms and signs usually attributed to adenoidal hypertrophy, and removing...
A group of 76 children who had been listed for adenoidectomy was investigated by scoring the symptoms and signs usually attributed to adenoidal hypertrophy, and removing the adenoids and weighing them. With the possible exception of snoring there was no correlation between the size of the adenoids and the symptoms usually attributed to hypertrophy of this organ. We wish to acknowledge our gratitude to those consultants who allowed us access to their patients, to Dr Ian McDicken, Department of Pathology, University of Liverpool who did the histological examination, and to Mrs P. O'Brien who did the typing.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Male; Organ Size
PubMed: 727816
DOI: 10.1136/adc.53.11.910 -
BMC Pediatrics Sep 2022Bacterial infection of adenoid is currently considered to be an important cause of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children. Although several bacteriology studies on...
BACKGROUND
Bacterial infection of adenoid is currently considered to be an important cause of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children. Although several bacteriology studies on adenoid diseases have been reported, the aerobic bacterial study regarding risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity of AH in Chinese children is lacking. This study aims to investigate the risk factors for aerobic bacterial colonization of AH in Chinese children and to elucidate aerobic bacterial profiles and antibiotic sensitivity.
METHODS
Samples were collected from the adenoid core and surface tissue of 466 children undergoing adenoidectomy. Aerobic cultures and antibiotic sensitivity were observed. The risk factors for bacterial colonization of adenoid were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
A total of 143 children could be detected opportunistic pathogens in adenoid surface and/or core tissue, with a carriage rate of 30.7%. The presence of chronic rhinosinusitis, tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoidal size were the risk factors for aerobic bacterial colonization of adenoid in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that chronic rhinosinusitis and tonsil hypertrophy were significant variables associated with the aerobic bacterial colonization. The most frequently isolated aerobic bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. There was no statistically significant difference in bacterial species between the adenoid surface and core. The above common bacteria were more sensitive to cephalosporins and quinolones antibiotics, and significantly resistant to penicillin antibiotics and non-β-lactamase inhibitors.
CONCLUSION
Our results provide recent aerobic bacterial profiles for AH among Chinese children and confirm the risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity. This study contributes to understanding the role of different risk factors in the development of AH and will be helpful to the treatment of AH among Chinese children.
Topics: Adenoids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Aerobic; Cephalosporins; Child; China; Humans; Hypertrophy; Penicillins; Quinolones; Risk Factors; Staphylococcal Infections
PubMed: 36123658
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03613-7 -
Chinese Journal of Cancer Mar 2015Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) sporadically develop abnormal adenoids. Nasopharyngeal adenoids are usually included in the gross tumor volume (GTV) but may...
INTRODUCTION
Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) sporadically develop abnormal adenoids. Nasopharyngeal adenoids are usually included in the gross tumor volume (GTV) but may have different therapeutic responses than tumor tissue. Therefore, distinguishing adenoids from tumor tissue may be required for precise and efficient chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy. We characterized nasopharyngeal adenoids and investigated the therapeutic responses of NPC and nasopharyngeal adenoids using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
METHODS
MRI data from 40 NPC patients with a coexisting adenoid mass before and after treatment were analyzed. The features of the adenoid masses, including location, striped appearance, size, interface, symmetry/asymmetry, and cysts, were evaluated. Treatment response were scored according to the World Health Organization guidelines.
RESULTS
A striped appearance was observed in 36 cases before treatment and in all cases after treatment. In these 36 cases, the average GTVs including and excluding the uninvolved adenoids were 19.8 cm³ and 14.8 cm³, respectively. The average percentage change after excluding the uninvolved adenoids from the GTV was 31.0%. Stable disease in the adenoids was identified in 27 (96.4%) of 28 patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while NPC clearly regressed. Partial adenoid responses were identified in 33 (82.5%) of 40 patients at 3 months after chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy, whereas complete tumor responses were achieved in all patients. Six months after treatment, the adenoids continued to atrophy but did not disappear, and tumor recurrence was not found.
CONCLUSIONS
Nasopharyngeal adenoids and carcinoma tissue in NPC patients can be distinguished by using MRI and have different responses to chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy. These findings contribute to better delineating the GTV of NPC, based on which spatially optimized strategies can be developed to render precise and efficient chemoradiotherapy and radiotherapy. Additionally, we observed a clear difference in the responses of these two tissue types to current therapies. This finding may reduce or avoid unnecessary biopsies or overtreatment.
Topics: Adenoids; Biopsy; Carcinoma; Chemoradiotherapy; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25962737
DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0005-y -
Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica :... Aug 2018Expression profiles of CXC- and CC-chemokines in various forms of tonsillar disease were studied to evaluate whether certain chemokines play a predominant role in a...
Expression profiles of CXC- and CC-chemokines in various forms of tonsillar disease were studied to evaluate whether certain chemokines play a predominant role in a specific subset of tonsillar disease. Total RNA was isolated from 89 biopsies (21 hyperplastic palatine tonsils, 25 adenoids, 16 chronic inflammatory palatine tonsils and 27 chronic inflammatory palatine tonsils with histological prove of acute inflammation), reverse transcribed and subjected to PCR amplifying IL-8, Gro-alpha, eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, MCP-3, MCP-4 and RANTES. 2% agarose gel electrophoresis revealed a predominance of IL-8 in the chronic inflammatory palatine tonsil group compared to tonsillar hyperplasia. Furthermore, eotaxin-2 was strongly overexpressed in adenoid samples compared to chronic inflammatory specimens. Our data suggest that the majority of diseases related to adenoid formation are mediated via an eotaxin-2 expression, whereas chronic inflammatory tonsillitis is associated with IL-8 upregulation. These data imply that adenoids are related to a Th-2, and chronic inflammatory tonsillitis to a Th-1 based immune response.
Topics: Adenoids; Adult; Chemokines; Child; Child, Preschool; Gene Expression; Humans; Hyperplasia; Palatine Tonsil; Tonsillitis
PubMed: 30197422
DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-1743 -
The American Journal of Pathology Dec 2000Subepithelial and intraepithelial lymphocytes of human adenoids and tonsils were characterized and directly compared to determine the potential contribution of these...
Subepithelial and intraepithelial lymphocytes of human adenoids and tonsils were characterized and directly compared to determine the potential contribution of these tissues to mucosal and systemic immune responses. The distribution of T and B cell subsets, cytokine patterns, and antibody (Ab) isotype profiles were similar for adenoids and tonsils. Both tissues contained predominantly B cells ( approximately 65%), approximately 5% macrophages, and 30% CD3(+) T cells. The T cells were primarily of the CD4(+) subset ( approximately 80%). Tonsillar intraepithelial lymphocytes were also enriched in B cells. The analysis of dispersed cells revealed a higher frequency of cells secreting IgG than IgA and the predominant Ig subclass profiles were IgG1 > IgG3 and IgA1 > IgA2, respectively. In situ analysis also revealed higher numbers of IgG- than IgA-positive cells. These IgG-positive cells were present in the epithelium and in the subepithelial zones of both tonsils and adenoids. Mitogen-triggered T cells from tonsils and adenoids produced both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines, clearly exhibiting their pluripotentiality for support of cell-mediated and Ab responses. Interestingly, antigen-specific T cells produced interferon-gamma and lower levels of interleukin-5. These results suggest that adenoids and tonsils of the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoreticular tissues represent a distinct component of the mucosal-associated lymphoreticular tissues with features of both systemic and mucosal compartments.
Topics: Adenoids; Adolescent; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Antigens; B-Lymphocytes; Cell Division; Child; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin Isotypes; Mitogens; Monocytes; Nasopharynx; Palatine Tonsil; Phytohemagglutinins; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 11106575
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64841-9 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Sep 2011Given that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) often inhabits human tonsils and adenoids, it remains to be distinctively determined its prevalence and in which cell and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
Given that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) often inhabits human tonsils and adenoids, it remains to be distinctively determined its prevalence and in which cell and microenvironment the virus is present.
METHODS
To determine the prevalence of EBV in the tonsils and adenoids of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) nationals and to provide a basis for understanding the origin and biology of EBV-infected cells, the immunophenotype of all EBV-infected cells in 46 tonsils and 46 adenoids was determined by EBER in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies to T cells (CD3), B cells (CD20), and epithelial cells (cytokeratin AE1/AE3), as well as immunostaining with antibodies to EBV latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1).
RESULTS
EBV was found in 43% of tonsillectomy specimens and 15% of adenoidectomy specimens. All EBV-infected cells were found to be B lymphocytes. About 90% of the infected B cells are found in the interfollicular regions of tonsils and adenoids and the remaining 10% are found within the follicles. There is no significant association between EBV infection, age (P=0.324) and gender (P=0.442).
CONCLUSION
EBV is associated with tonsillar hypertrophy and is prevalent in 43% of our cases. EBV is only detected in B lymphocytes and we believe that B lymphocytes are sites of primary infection and latency. In situ hybridization is the gold standard for the detection of EBV in tissue.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Adolescent; Age Distribution; Biopsy, Needle; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Female; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Infant; Male; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Distribution; Tonsillectomy; Tonsillitis; United Arab Emirates; Young Adult
PubMed: 21752478
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.06.012 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2020We investigated palatine tonsil and adenoid specimens excised from otorhinolaryngological patients in a leprosy-endemic region of Brazil. Fite-Faraco staining identified...
We investigated palatine tonsil and adenoid specimens excised from otorhinolaryngological patients in a leprosy-endemic region of Brazil. Fite-Faraco staining identified Mycobacterium spp. in 9 of 397 specimen blocks. Immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium leprae, indicating that these organs can house M. leprae in persons inhabiting a leprosy-endemic region.
Topics: Adenoids; Brazil; Humans; Leprosy; Mycobacterium leprae; Palatine Tonsil
PubMed: 32946726
DOI: 10.3201/eid2610.191267