-
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... Nov 2009
Topics: Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pelvis; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 20464790
DOI: 10.1148/radiographics.29.7.0292003 -
Pediatrics in Review Apr 2013
Review
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PubMed: 23547062
DOI: 10.1542/pir.34-4-163 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2011
Review
Topics: Female; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 21282311
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.091580 -
Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et... Dec 2012In countries where induced abortions are legal and medically supervised, the frequency of post-abortion infections is low and maternal death is infrequent. Nevertheless,... (Review)
Review
In countries where induced abortions are legal and medically supervised, the frequency of post-abortion infections is low and maternal death is infrequent. Nevertheless, short and long term consequences of post-abortion infections must be addressed. Sexually transmitted pathogens are frequently in cause here. Risk factors include in particular young age (less than 24 years), low socioeconomic level, late pregnancy, nulliparity, and history of previous untreated pelvic inflammatory disease. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and an inflammatory syndrome occurring within 2 to 3 weeks after spontaneous or induced abortion. A pelvic ultrasound is recommended in order to ensure the uterus vacuity and to look for a possible pelvic abscess, and bacteriological samples must be performed. Management consists in a regimen combining two antibiotics intravenously, with the possible addition of intravenous heparin in case of pelvic thrombophlebitis. Antibiotics can be discontinued 48 h of a clinical improvement and further treatment by oral route brings no benefit. Intrauterine retention associated with post-abortion endometritis must be addressed either by medical or surgical method.
Topics: Abortion, Incomplete; Abortion, Induced; Age Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endometritis; Female; Humans; Infections; MEDLINE; Parity; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial; Socioeconomic Factors; Thrombophlebitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 23140618
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2012.09.025 -
Sexually Transmitted Infections Nov 2021The clinical and public health relevance of widespread case finding by testing for asymptomatic chlamydia infections is under debate. We wanted to explore future... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The clinical and public health relevance of widespread case finding by testing for asymptomatic chlamydia infections is under debate. We wanted to explore future directions for chlamydia control and generate insights that might guide for evidence-based strategies. In particular, we wanted to know the extent to which we should pursue testing for asymptomatic infections at both genital and extragenital sites.
METHODS
We synthesised findings from published literature and from discussions among national and international chlamydia experts during an invitational workshop. We described changing perceptions in chlamydia control to inform the development of recommendations for future avenues for chlamydia control in the Netherlands.
RESULTS
Despite implementing a range of interventions to control chlamydia, there is no practice-based evidence that population prevalence can be reduced by screening programmes or widespread opportunistic testing. There is limited evidence about the beneficial effect of testing on pelvic inflammatory disease prevention. The risk of tubal factor infertility resulting from chlamydia infection is low and evidence on the preventable fraction remains uncertain. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment with antibiotics for self-limiting and non-viable infections have contributed to antimicrobial resistance in other pathogens and may affect oral, anal and genital microbiota. These changing insights could affect the outcome of previous cost-effectiveness analysis.
CONCLUSION
The balance between benefits and harms of widespread testing to detect asymptomatic chlamydia infections is changing. The opinion of our expert group deviates from the existing paradigm of 'test and treat' and suggests that future strategies should reduce, rather than expand, the role of widespread testing for asymptomatic chlamydia infections.
Topics: Asymptomatic Infections; Chlamydia Infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; Communicable Disease Control; Female; Humans; Infection Control; Netherlands; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Prevalence; Public Health
PubMed: 34045364
DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2021-054992 -
Fertility and Sterility Nov 2019"An object in motion tends to remain in motion along a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force." -Isaac Newton.
"An object in motion tends to remain in motion along a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force." -Isaac Newton.
Topics: Fallopian Tubes; Female; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Sterilization Reversal; Sterilization, Tubal; Time Factors
PubMed: 31731945
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.08.068 -
Balkan Medical Journal Jul 2022
Topics: Female; Hepatitis; Hiccup; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Peritonitis
PubMed: 35669945
DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2022.2022-3-135 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Mar 2008Pelvic inflammatory disease is caused by infection of the upper female genital tract and is often asymptomatic. Pelvic inflammatory disease is the most common... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Pelvic inflammatory disease is caused by infection of the upper female genital tract and is often asymptomatic. Pelvic inflammatory disease is the most common gynaecological reason for admission to hospital in the USA and is diagnosed in almost 2% of women aged 16-45 years consulting their GP in England and Wales.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of empirical treatment compared with treatment delayed until the results of microbiological investigations are known? How do different antimicrobial regimens compare? What are the effects of routine antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease before intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)8 insertion? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to May 2007 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 9 systematic reviews, RCTs or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antibiotics (oral, parenteral, empirical treatment, treatment guided by test results, different durations, outpatient, inpatient), and routine antibiotic prophylaxis (before intrauterine device insertion in women at high risk or low risk).
Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Hospitalization; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PubMed: 19450319
DOI: No ID Found -
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and... 2011Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), one of the most common infections in nonpregnant women of reproductive age, remains an important public health problem. It is... (Review)
Review
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), one of the most common infections in nonpregnant women of reproductive age, remains an important public health problem. It is associated with major long-term sequelae, including tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. In addition, treatment of acute PID and its complications incurs substantial health care costs. Prevention of these long-term sequelae is dependent upon development of treatment strategies based on knowledge of the microbiologic etiology of acute PID. It is well accepted that acute PID is a polymicrobic infection. The sexually transmitted organisms, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, are present in many cases, and microorganisms comprising the endogenous vaginal and cervical flora are frequently associated with PID. This includes anaerobic and facultative bacteria, similar to those associated with bacterial vaginosis. Genital tract mycoplasmas, most importantly Mycoplasma genitalium, have recently also been implicated as a cause of acute PID. As a consequence, treatment regimens for acute PID should provide broad spectrum coverage that is effective against these microorganisms.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PubMed: 22228985
DOI: 10.1155/2011/561909 -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Apr 2024This review focuses on inflammatory diseases of female and male genital organs and discusses their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and imaging... (Review)
Review
This review focuses on inflammatory diseases of female and male genital organs and discusses their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and imaging findings. The female section covers pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) primarily caused by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that affect the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Unusual causes such as actinomycosis and tuberculosis have also been explored. The male section delves into infections affecting the vas deferens, epididymis, testes, prostate, and seminal vesicles. Uncommon causes such as tuberculosis, and Zinner syndrome have also been discussed. In addition, this review highlights other conditions that mimic male genital tract infections such as vasculitis, IgG4-related diseases, and sarcoidosis. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of these inflammatory diseases are essential for preventing serious complications and infertility. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography play a crucial role in diagnosis. Understanding the diverse etiologies and imaging findings is vital for the effective management of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease; Genitalia; Uterus; Prostate; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38165529
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01518-8