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Medicine Jan 2022Safeguarding children and adolescents from unintentional injuries is a significant concern for parents and caregivers. With them staying more at home during the...
BACKGROUND
Safeguarding children and adolescents from unintentional injuries is a significant concern for parents and caregivers. With them staying more at home during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, more educational tools and valid educational programs are warranted to improve parental knowledge and awareness about childhood and adolescences' safety. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of childhood and adolescence safety campaigns on parents' knowledge and attitude toward preventable injuries.
METHODS
This was a pre-post experimental study, in which the predesigned assessments were used as an evaluation tool before and after attending a childhood and adolescence safety campaign. The pre-post assessment question included questions to evaluate the socio-demographic status, followed by knowledge questions in line with the current childhood and adolescence safety campaign. The outcomes of interest were assessed before and after attending the campaign's stations.
RESULTS
Three hundred eight parents volunteered to participate in this study. Their knowledge score improved from 36.2 [standard deviation (SD) 17.7] to 79.3 (SD 15.6) after attending the Campaign (t value = 34.6, P < .001). Both, perceptions on the preventability of accidents and the parents' perceived usefulness of educational campaigns showed improvements, with (t value = 6.3, P < .001) and (t value = 3.097, P < .001), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The educational childhood and adolescence safety campaign for caregivers in Saudi Arabia resulted in a significant increase in the overall knowledge and attitudes toward childhood and adolescence's safety. As children and adolescents are currently staying at home more, additional educational tools and programs are warranted to promote safe practices among parents and caregivers.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Adolescent; Adult; COVID-19; Child; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parents; SARS-CoV-2; Safety; Saudi Arabia; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 35060555
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028649 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Sep 2021Adolescents can experience heightened stress due to biopsychosocial changes that occur during this developmental stage. The 'wear and tear' of the physiological systems... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Adolescents can experience heightened stress due to biopsychosocial changes that occur during this developmental stage. The 'wear and tear' of the physiological systems responsible for managing our stress response can lead to dysregulation of these systems, known as allostatic load (AL). AL is commonly measured within adult populations, however, inconsistencies exist across measures used to quantify the effects of stress on health. The aim of this review was to identify variations in measures across AL studies, and to consider how specific measures may be more appropriate for use within adolescent populations.
METHOD
Pubmed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Academic Search Complete, were searched in July 2020, using search terms 'allostatic load' and 'adolescence'. AL studies (1988-2020) with an adolescent population (age 10-24 years) were included. 354 records were screened by two reviewers and 41 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility.
RESULTS
25 studies were included in final synthesis. Biomarkers of AL ranged from 1 to 14. The most common index of AL consisted of 6 biomarkers; cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body-mass index.
FINDINGS
Defining measures of AL during adolescence may help to identify vulnerabilities specific to adolescents, which may shape their lifelong health trajectories.
Topics: Adolescent; Allostasis; Humans
PubMed: 34198124
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105324 -
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology Oct 2020Individual differences in grit and growth mindset predict effort and achievement in the face of challenges, but little is known about how the two traits influence each...
Individual differences in grit and growth mindset predict effort and achievement in the face of challenges, but little is known about how the two traits influence each other during adolescence. In the current investigation, we analyzed data on grit and growth mindset collected from 1667 adolescents and their teachers on four occasions over 2 academic years. In autoregressive cross-lagged models, grit predicted rank-order increases in growth mindset and growth mindset predicted rank-order increases in grit. These findings suggest that during adolescence, grit and growth mindset are distinct but mutually reinforcing.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Female; Humans; Male; Personality Development
PubMed: 32629233
DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104889 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2023Self-control is the ability to control thoughts, emotions, and impulses to pursuit of long-term goals. Adolescents with high self-control experience higher flourishing...
Self-control is the ability to control thoughts, emotions, and impulses to pursuit of long-term goals. Adolescents with high self-control experience higher flourishing levels. The latter refers to the fulfillment of needs for competence, relationship, and self-acceptance, as well as the possession of psychological capital such as flow and commitment. High levels of self-control also seem to be linked to a positive relationship with parents, which is crucial in adolescent flourishing. However, few studies investigated the association between flourishing, self-control, and perceived parenting in adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate how the ability to exert self-control and the need to perceive and preserve a responsive relationship with parents would facilitate adolescents' experience of higher flourishing levels. The relationships among self-control, adolescents' perception of some paternal and maternal dimensions (closeness, communication, and parents' peer approval), and flourishing were analyzed in a sample of 335 Italian adolescents. Self-control was positively correlated with flourishing and the adolescent's perception of maternal and paternal dimensions. The PROCESS model showed that perceived maternal and paternal dimensions mediate the relationship between self-control and flourishing. These findings show the importance of self-control and parenting dimensions in promoting flourishing during adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Parenting; Communication; Emotions; Peer Group; Self-Control
PubMed: 37623154
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20166568 -
PloS One 2023Coffee is the most commonly consumed beverage among children and adolescences. Caffeine was demonstrated to be associated with bone metabolism. However, the relationship...
BACKGROUND
Coffee is the most commonly consumed beverage among children and adolescences. Caffeine was demonstrated to be associated with bone metabolism. However, the relationship between caffeine intake and BMD in children and adolescents remains unclear. This study aimed to identified relationship between caffeine consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents.
METHODS
Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we conducted an epidemiological cross-section study to measure the relationship between caffeine consumption and BMD in children and adolescents by multivariate linear regression models. Then, five methods of Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to estimate their causal relationship between coffee and caffeine intake and BMD in children and adolescents. MR-Egger and inverse-variance weighted (IVW) were used to evaluate the heterogeneity effect of instrumental variables (IVs).
RESULTS
In epidemiological studies, individuals with the highest quartile of caffeine intake do not have a significant change in femur neck BMD (β = 0.0016, 95% CI: -0.0096, 0.0129, P = 0.7747), total femur BMD (β = 0.0019, P = 0.7552), and total spine BMD (β = 0.0081, P = 0.1945) compared with the lowest quartile. In MR analysis, the IVW-random effect indicates no causal relationship between coffee consumption and TB- BMD (β = 0.0034, P = 0.0910). Other methods of MR analyses and sensitivity analysis reveals consistent findings. Similarly, the fixed-effects IVW method shows no causal association between caffeine intake and TB-BMD in children and adolescents (β = 0.0202, P = 0.7828).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study does not support a causal relationship between caffeine consumption and BMD in children and adolescents. However, more studies are needed to verify our findings, such as its underlying molecular mechanisms and the long-term impact of early caffeine exposure at a younger age.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Child; Bone Density; Caffeine; Coffee; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Nutrition Surveys
PubMed: 37384670
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287756 -
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Aug 2023Emotion regulation is particularly important for adolescents as they undergo normative developmental changes in affective systems and experience heightened risk for... (Review)
Review
Emotion regulation is particularly important for adolescents as they undergo normative developmental changes in affective systems and experience heightened risk for psychopathology. Despite a high need for emotion regulation during adolescence, commonly studied emotion regulation strategies like cognitive reappraisal are less beneficial for adolescents than adults because they rely on neural regions that are still developing during this period (i.e., lateral prefrontal cortex). However, adolescence is also marked by increased valuation of peer relationships and sensitivity to social information and cues. In the present review, we synthesize research examining emotion regulation and peer influence across development to suggest that sensitivity to peers during adolescence could be leveraged to improve emotion regulation for this population. We first discuss developmental trends related to emotion regulation at the level of behavior and brain in adolescents, using cognitive reappraisal as an exemplar emotion regulation strategy. Next, we discuss social influences on adolescent brain development, describing caregiver influence and increasing susceptibility to peer influence, to describe how adolescent sensitivity to social inputs represents both a window of vulnerability and opportunity. Finally, we conclude by describing the promise of social (i.e., peer-based) interventions for enhancing emotion regulation in adolescence.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Adolescent; Emotional Regulation; Brain; Prefrontal Cortex; Peer Group; Brain Mapping; Emotions
PubMed: 37302349
DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101262 -
Journal of Nursing Scholarship : An... Jun 2010The purpose of this review was to examine the conceptualization and measurement of coping in adolescent research. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this review was to examine the conceptualization and measurement of coping in adolescent research.
DESIGN
A review of the literature published and abstracted in four scientific databases was undertaken between July 2008 and June 2009 with the following key words: adolescent(s), cope/coping, stress(ors), and adaptation/psychological.
METHODS
A total of 367 articles were initially identified, and review of published abstracts yielded 104 empirical articles to retrieve and examine more closely for inclusion. Criteria for inclusion in the review were that the study (a) measured coping, (b) presented original data, (c) primarily targeted adolescent participants, (d) was reported in English, and (e) was published between 1998 and June 2009. Fifty-nine subsequent articles were organized using a matrix approach that facilitated cross-study comparisons of purpose, sample, and dependent variables.
FINDINGS
Fewer than half of the studies reviewed included a specific statement defining coping. Instead, many authors described coping in the context of stress response by identifying particular types or ways of coping or naming specific coping strategies used. The theoretical frameworks guiding examination of coping varied across studies. A range of measures, congruent with adolescent developmental processes, were used to assess adolescent coping. A wide range of stress-related risks or conditions were examined, including psychological stressors such as eating disorders, suicidal ideation, and depression; physical stressors such as chronic illness, HIV infection, sports participation, violence, or sexual abuse; familial stressors such as domestic violence or interparental conflict; social stressors such as romantic relationships or difficulties in settings such as school, prison, or a homeless shelter; and societal stressors such as discrimination.
CONCLUSIONS
Coping is an important construct in understanding how adolescents react to the extensive stressors and adjustments they experience. Coping is a complex construct yet worthy of examination because it can be a critical point of intervention in the health trajectory of adolescents and young people. Research is needed to advance the conceptualization and measurement of adolescent coping such that interpretation of findings across studies is enhanced. In this way, future research, including interventions targeting coping, will work synergistically to advance the science and adolescent well-being.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Nursing and other healthcare providers working with adolescents understand the need for interventions that promote use of healthy coping strategies and minimize unhealthy coping. Findings from this study demonstrate the state of coping conceptualization and measurement in adolescent research and indicate a need for research that will advance the science and improve the usefulness of adolescent coping data.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Models, Psychological; Psychology, Adolescent; Research Design; Self Care; Self Concept; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 20618601
DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2009.01327.x -
Child Psychiatry and Human Development Aug 2021This study examined risk factors of physical aggression during transition from early to late adolescence using a two-wave longitudinal study. Specifically, we examined...
This study examined risk factors of physical aggression during transition from early to late adolescence using a two-wave longitudinal study. Specifically, we examined if risk factors in early adolescence predict physically aggressive behavior starting in late adolescence and why some adolescents desist physical aggressive behavior while others do not. The study sample consisted of 2289 Norwegian adolescents (1235 girls) who participated in the Young-HUNT1 study (mean age 14.5) and the follow-up study 4 years later, Young-HUNT2 study (mean age 18.4). One in six young adolescents reported engaging in physical fights. Moreover, physical aggression in early adolescence was significantly associated with male gender, attention problems, academic problems, being bullied, drinking alcohol, and smoking. Male gender and heavy drinking during early adolescence increased the risk for newly emerging aggressive behavior in late adolescence, whereas heavy drinking during early adolescence was a predictor for persistent versus desisting aggressive behavior in late adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Aggression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32852728
DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01049-7 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Mar 2021The aim of the study was to determine attitudes towards and habits in oral health of adolescents in Herzegovina, as well as to evaluate the possible differences in...
The aim of the study was to determine attitudes towards and habits in oral health of adolescents in Herzegovina, as well as to evaluate the possible differences in habits among individuals of different adolescent categories. The study included 120 participants (35 male and 85 female) divided into three adolescent categories, as follows: early (11-14 years of age), middle (15-18 years) and late (19-21 years) adolescence, from the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton, who presented for dental examination. All participants completed the socio-demographic questionnaire and standardized Hiroshima University Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI). The answers provided by study adolescents in the HU-DBI showed statistically significant differences among particular age groups, i.e. between early and middle adolescence in items 7 (p=0.046) and 15 (p=0.007); between middle and late adolescence in items 8 (p=0.021), 11 (p=0.04) and 12 (p=0.027); and between middle and late adolescence in item 11 (p=0.032). Respondents in middle adolescence had poorer oral hygiene attitudes than those in early and late adolescence. In order to improve the oral hygiene habits of adolescents in Herzegovina, it is necessary to put emphasis on continuous education about oral hygiene habits during their secondary education.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Habits; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene; Students, Dental; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34588728
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2021.60.01.14 -
The Journal of Medical Investigation :... 2021Depression often first develops during adolescence, with its rate sharply increasing after puberty and often running a chronic, recurring course thereafter. The... (Review)
Review
Depression often first develops during adolescence, with its rate sharply increasing after puberty and often running a chronic, recurring course thereafter. The development of depression is associated with difficulties in the lives of adolescents and their families, reduced academic achievement, suicide, and increased socio-economic disadvantage in adulthood. Earlier and more effective interventions for depression in adolescents are required. This review describes the updated etiology and clinical features of adolescent depression, and focuses on appropriate therapeutic strategies to adopt in clinical practice. J. Med. Invest. 68 : 22-28, February, 2021.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Depression; Humans
PubMed: 33994475
DOI: 10.2152/jmi.68.22