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Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und... Nov 2022It is important to consider developmental issues when addressing school refusal (SR) in adolescence. Referral rates appear to be higher among adolescents relative to... (Review)
Review
It is important to consider developmental issues when addressing school refusal (SR) in adolescence. Referral rates appear to be higher among adolescents relative to children, and treatment appears to be less effective among adolescents. This paper provides an in-depth review of developmental issues associated with adolescent SR and treatment via cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). It begins by considering the reasons for the higher referral and poorer treatment outcomes, including the higher level of absenteeism in adolescence, higher rates of concurrent social anxiety disorder and depressive disorder, and the developmental challenges inherent to adolescence. Such challenges include increased academic and social demands in the secondary-school environment, and increasing autonomy which may contribute to family conflict. These developmental issues may potentiate and exacerbate an adolescent's difficulty attending school, make it difficult for families to cope, and complicate practitioners' efforts to provide effective treatment for SR. Further, the review describes CBT manuals for SR and the extent to which they are developmentally sensitive. There are five CBT manuals, which vary in their sensitivity to developmental issues. Various multimodal treatments employ interventions in addition to CBT, such as medication or inpatient treatment, to address the complexity of SR in adolescence. Nevertheless, nonresponse to treatment for adolescent SR ranges from one-third to two-thirds of youths. Attention thus needs to be given to ways of improving treatment outcomes.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Schools; Treatment Outcome; Combined Modality Therapy
PubMed: 35762908
DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000881 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Dec 2020This study aims to develop scientific knowledge on adolescence in publications from 1996 to 2020 in Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (C&SC). This integrative... (Review)
Review
This study aims to develop scientific knowledge on adolescence in publications from 1996 to 2020 in Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (C&SC). This integrative systematic review was based on a bibliographic survey in SciELO's database, with the string word search strategy "Adolesc $" in title, abstract, and keywords of works published in the C&SC between 1996 and 2020. The abstracts of 432 publications were analyzed by age group, gender, skin color, social stratum, sample, place, methodology, and risk and protective factors. The results show that most of the abstracts brought studies exclusively focused on the adolescent population, with a smaller volume on children or adults. Most of the samples were collected in schools, followed by health services. The topics addressed in the papers are related to adolescents' individual attributes, family attributes, peer relationships; social scope, health conditions and diseases, accidents and violence, and health services. There is a need for special attention to adolescents' health requiring reflections in national academic production, aiming at systemic and complex knowledge focused on adolescent health promotion aspects, following the existing national legislation and laws.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Public Health; Schools
PubMed: 33295504
DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320202512.18322020 -
Proceedings. Biological Sciences Jun 2022Social learning is fundamental to human development, helping individuals adapt to changing circumstances and cooperate in groups. During the formative years of...
Social learning is fundamental to human development, helping individuals adapt to changing circumstances and cooperate in groups. During the formative years of adolescence, the social environment shapes people's socio-cognitive skills needed in adulthood. Although peer influence among adolescents is traditionally associated with risky and unruly conduct, with long-term negative effects on educational, economic and health outcomes, recent findings suggest that peers may also have a positive impact. Here, we present a series of experiments with 10-20-year-olds ( = 146) showing that positive and negative peer effects reflect a domain-general factor of social information use which declines during adolescence. Exposure to disobedient peers provoked rule breaking, and selfish peers reduced prosocial behaviour, particularly in early adolescence. However, compliant peers also promoted rule compliance and fair peers increased prosociality. A belief formation task further revealed that younger adolescents tend to assimilate social information, while older adolescents prioritize personal views. Our results highlight early adolescence as a key window for peer-based interventions to improve developmental trajectories.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Educational Status; Humans; Peer Group; Peer Influence; Social Environment; Social Learning
PubMed: 35765838
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0045 -
Psychiatria Polska 2015Adult personality disorders are well recognized and described in the literature. The discussion about the possibility of the presence of personality disorders in... (Review)
Review
Adult personality disorders are well recognized and described in the literature. The discussion about the possibility of the presence of personality disorders in adolescents started about 20 years ago. Some authors claim the before the age of 18 it is only possible to identify precursors of future personality disorders and such a standpoint is reflected in diagnostic criteria. This is based on the assumption that personality in adolescence is still not well established. Consequently, the criterion on the persistence of symptoms for the period of time cannot be met (the persistence of symptoms of personality disorders for the period of at least two years). Other approach postulates that problems presented in adolescence should not be exclusively limited to Axis I according to DSM. The proponents of this approach claim that current diagnostic tools are not adjusted to adolescents, thus it is very difficult to measure stability and persistence of symptoms in this age group. This paper presents literature review on personality disorders in adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Personality Assessment; Personality Disorders; Psychology, Adolescent; Research Design
PubMed: 26488351
DOI: 10.12740/PP/28272 -
Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und... Sep 2022The Mental Health Problems of Unaccompanied and Accompanied Refugees in Childhood and Adolescence in Germany Abstracts: Objective: This articles...
The Mental Health Problems of Unaccompanied and Accompanied Refugees in Childhood and Adolescence in Germany Abstracts: Objective: This articles investigates the psychological distress and stressful life events in unaccompanied minor refugees (UMR) in adolescence and accompanied minor refugees (AMR) in childhood and adolescence living in Germany. Additionally, it analyzes the predictors of psychological distress in the adolescents. Method: We assessed 170 children and adolescents (adolescents: n = 56 UMR, n = 72 AMR; children: n = 42 AMR) using questionnaires on emotional and behavioral problems and stressful life events. In addition, we questioned the adolescents on PTSS (adolescents: self-report; children: caregiver report). Results: 45.8 % UMR (adolescents), 42.4 % AMR (adolescents), and 56.1 % AMR (children) showed emotional and behavioral problems. On average, we identified 7 stressful life events in UMR (adolescents) and 4 in AMR (adolescents, children). UMR (adolescents) reported more emotional problems, more PTSS, and more stressful life events than did AMR (adolescents). 43.8 % UMR (adolescents) and 27.9 % AMR (adolescents) reported PTSS. The number of stressful life events was found to be the most robust predictor for emotional and behavioral problems as well as PTSS in adolescents. Conclusions: The results indicate the need for psychological interventions of refugee minors in Germany.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Germany; Humans; Mental Health; Minors; Refugees; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35225676
DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000855 -
BMC Public Health Sep 2022Adolescence presents a window of opportunity to establish good nutrition and physical activity behaviours to carry throughout the life course. Adolescents are at risk of...
BACKGROUND
Adolescence presents a window of opportunity to establish good nutrition and physical activity behaviours to carry throughout the life course. Adolescents are at risk of developing cardiovascular and other chronic diseases due to poor the complex interplay of physical and mental health lifestyle risk factors. Text messaging is adolescents main form of everyday communication and text message programs offer a potential solution for support and improvement of lifestyle health behaviours. The primary aim of this study is to determine effectiveness of the Health4Me text message program to improve adolescent's physical activity or nutrition behaviours among adolescents over 6-months, compared to usual care.
METHODS
Health4Me is a virtual, two-arm, single-blind randomised controlled trial, delivering a 6-month healthy lifestyle text message program with optional health counselling. Recruitment will be through digital advertising and primary care services. In total, 330 adolescents will be randomised 1:1 to intervention or control (usual care) groups. The intervention group will receive 4-5 text messages per week for 6-months. All text messages have been co-designed with adolescents. Messages promote a healthy lifestyle by providing practical information, health tips, motivation and support for behaviour change for physical activity, nutrition, mental health, body image, popular digital media and climate and planetary health. Virtual assessments will occur at baseline and 6-months assessing physical health (physical activity, nutrition, body mass index, sleep), mental health (quality of life, self-efficacy, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, eating disorder risk) and lifestyle outcomes (food insecurity and eHealth literacy).
DISCUSSION
This study will determine the effectiveness of a 6-month healthy lifestyle text message intervention to improve physical activity and nutrition outcomes in adolescents.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12622000949785 , Date registered: 05/07/2022.
Topics: Adolescent; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Internet; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Single-Blind Method; Text Messaging
PubMed: 36138375
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14183-9 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Oct 2011Little is known about changes in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders between childhood and adolescence, and adolescence and adulthood. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Little is known about changes in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders between childhood and adolescence, and adolescence and adulthood.
METHODS
We reviewed papers reporting prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders separately for childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional papers published in the past 15 years were included.
RESULTS
About one adolescent in five has a psychiatric disorder. From childhood to adolescence there is an increase in rates of depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and substance use disorders (SUD), and a decrease in separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). From adolescence to early adulthood there is a further increase in panic disorder, agoraphobia, and SUD, and a further decrease in SAD and ADHD. Other phobias and disruptive behavior disorders also fall.
CONCLUSIONS
Further study of changes in rates of disorder across developmental stages could inform etiological research and guide interventions.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychopathology
PubMed: 21815892
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02446.x -
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Apr 2021Socioeconomic status (SES) is broadly associated with self-regulatory abilities across childhood and adolescence. However, there is limited understanding of the...
Socioeconomic status (SES) is broadly associated with self-regulatory abilities across childhood and adolescence. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association, especially during adolescence when individuals are particularly sensitive to environmental influences. The current study tested perceived stress, household chaos, parent cognitive control, and parent-adolescent relationship quality as potential proximal mediators of the association between family SES and neural correlates of cognitive control. A sample of 167 adolescents and their primary caregivers participated in a longitudinal study across four years. SES was indexed by caregivers' education and income-to-needs ratio at Time 1. At Time 2, adolescents reported on their perceived stress, household chaos, and relationship with parents, and parents completed a cognitive control task. Two years later, adolescents completed the same cognitive control task while blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) response was monitored with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A parallel mediation model indicated that parent cognitive control, but not other proximal factors, explained the relation between SES and adolescents' activation in the middle frontal gyrus during a cognitive control task. The results suggest potential targets for intervention and prevention efforts that may positively alter neurocognitive outcomes related to socioeconomic disadvantage.
Topics: Adolescent; Cognition; Humans; Income; Longitudinal Studies; Parents; Social Class
PubMed: 33581593
DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100935 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2022Adolescence is characterized by several transformations, such as identity construction, progressive estrangement from parents, relational interest in peers, and body...
Adolescence is characterized by several transformations, such as identity construction, progressive estrangement from parents, relational interest in peers, and body changes that also involve sexuality issues. In this process, attachment patterns play a fundamental role in relationships, and when these are dysfunctional, they can result in internalizing and externalizing problems. Often, females show their relational difficulties through internalizing expressions and males through externalizing expressions. Additionally, given the sexual progress involved in this life moment, psychological symptomatology may influence adolescents' perception of sex and performance. Our purpose is to study the mediating role of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology in the relationship between attachment patterns and sexual and psychological dimensions. In addition, we investigated the moderating effect of the sex assigned at birth on this mediation model. = 493 adolescents (38.3% males; Mage = 16.51; SD = 1.17) participated in the study. The results show a significant mediation effect of internalizing symptomatology on the relationship between attachment and sexual anxiety. Additionally, this effect is moderated significantly by assigned-at-birth sex. These results confirm that in adolescence, attachment patterns can influence adolescents' perception of sex. The connection between these two psychological dimensions is influenced by symptomatologic expression. Further investigations are needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Peer Group
PubMed: 35409864
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074181 -
Journal of Youth and Adolescence Jan 2020Parent-adolescent conflict can be intense, yet parents and adolescents do not always agree on the intensity of conflict. Conflict intensity tends to change during...
Parent-adolescent conflict can be intense, yet parents and adolescents do not always agree on the intensity of conflict. Conflict intensity tends to change during adolescence and is thought to be an indicator of how the parent-adolescent relationship transforms. However, parents and adolescents might differently perceive change in conflict intensity, resulting in changing discrepancies in conflict intensity throughout adolescence. Also, personality characteristics of parents and adolescents might affect the extent to which there are discrepancies in perceptions of conflict intensity. This multi-informant longitudinal study investigated a) the trajectories of parent-adolescent conflict intensity, b) the trajectories of informant discrepancies, and c) the prediction of these trajectories by parental and adolescent personality. Dutch adolescents (N = 497, 43.1% female, M = 13.03 at T1), their mothers, and their fathers reported on parent-adolescent conflict intensity and personality for six years. Latent Growth Curve Modeling and Latent Congruence Modeling revealed curvilinear changes in conflict intensity, as well as in discrepancies thereof. Two cycles of discrepancies emerged. First, in early-to-middle-adolescence discrepancies in perceptions of parents and adolescents increased, reflecting that adolescents' perceived conflict intensity increased. Second, in middle-to-late-adolescence, father-adolescent discrepancies increased further, reflecting that fathers' perceptions of conflict decreased. Resilient adolescents, mothers, and fathers reported lower levels of conflict intensity than Undercontrollers and Overcontrollers, but personality was not associated with the rate of change in conflict intensity. Finally, undercontrolling fathers and overcontrolling adolescents showed higher father-adolescent discrepancies. This study showed that parents and adolescents differentially perceive conflict intensity and that in the adolescent-father relationship, the extent of the differences depends on adolescent and father personality.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Conflict, Psychological; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Netherlands; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Parents; Personality; Psychology, Adolescent; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 31254242
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01054-7