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Journal of Chromatography. B,... Nov 2020The field of affinity chromatography, which employs a biologically-related agent as the stationary phase, has seen significant growth since the modern era of this method... (Review)
Review
The field of affinity chromatography, which employs a biologically-related agent as the stationary phase, has seen significant growth since the modern era of this method began in 1968. This review examines the major developments and trends that have occurred in this technique over the past five decades. The basic principles and history of this area are first discussed. This is followed by an overview of the various supports, immobilization strategies, and types of binding agents that have been used in this field. The general types of applications and fields of use that have appeared for affinity chromatography are also considered. A survey of the literature is used to identify major trends in these topics and important areas of use for affinity chromatography in the separation, analysis, or characterization of chemicals and biochemicals.
Topics: Biochemistry; Biomedical Research; Biotechnology; Chromatography, Affinity; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans
PubMed: 32871378
DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122332 -
Current Protocols in Protein Science Sep 2013Addition of an affinity tag is a useful method for differentiating recombinant proteins expressed in bacterial and eukaryotic expression systems from the background of... (Review)
Review
Addition of an affinity tag is a useful method for differentiating recombinant proteins expressed in bacterial and eukaryotic expression systems from the background of total cellular proteins, as well as for detecting protein-protein interactions. This overview describes the historical basis for the development of affinity tags, affinity tags that are commonly used today, how to choose an appropriate affinity tag for a particular purpose, and several recently developed affinity tag technologies that may prove useful in the near future.
Topics: Chromatography, Affinity; Molecular Probe Techniques; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 24510596
DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps0909s73 -
Electrophoresis Nov 2017Affinity monolith chromatography, or AMC, is a liquid chromatographic method in which the support is a monolith and the stationary phase is a biological-binding agent or... (Review)
Review
Affinity monolith chromatography, or AMC, is a liquid chromatographic method in which the support is a monolith and the stationary phase is a biological-binding agent or related mimic. AMC has become popular for the isolation of biochemicals, for the measurement of various analytes, and for studying biological interactions. This review will examine the principles and applications of AMC. The materials that have been used to prepare AMC columns will be discussed, which have included various organic polymers, silica, agarose, and cryogels. Immobilization schemes that have been used in AMC will also be considered. Various binding agents and applications that have been reported for AMC will then be described. These applications will include the use of AMC for bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, dye-ligand affinity chromatography, and immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography. The use of AMC with chiral stationary phases and as a tool to characterize biological interactions will also be examined.
Topics: Chromatography, Affinity; Proteins; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 28474739
DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700101 -
Electrophoresis Dec 2021Affinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a liquid chromatographic technique that utilizes a monolithic support with a biological ligand or related binding agent to... (Review)
Review
Affinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a liquid chromatographic technique that utilizes a monolithic support with a biological ligand or related binding agent to isolate, enrich, or detect a target analyte in a complex matrix. The target-specific interaction exhibited by the binding agents makes AMC attractive for the separation or detection of a wide range of compounds. This article will review the basic principles of AMC and recent developments in this field. The supports used in AMC will be discussed, including organic, inorganic, hybrid, carbohydrate, and cryogel monoliths. Schemes for attaching binding agents to these monoliths will be examined as well, such as covalent immobilization, biospecific adsorption, entrapment, molecular imprinting, and coordination methods. An overview will then be given of binding agents that have recently been used in AMC, along with their applications. These applications will include bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography, and dye-ligand or biomimetic affinity chromatography. The use of AMC in chiral separations and biointeraction studies will also be discussed.
Topics: Adsorption; Chromatography, Affinity; Ligands
PubMed: 34293192
DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100163 -
Biomolecules Jun 2022Antibodies have become an important class of biological products in cancer treatments such as radiotherapy. The growing therapeutic applications have driven a demand for... (Review)
Review
Antibodies have become an important class of biological products in cancer treatments such as radiotherapy. The growing therapeutic applications have driven a demand for high-purity antibodies. Affinity chromatography with a high affinity and specificity has always been utilized to separate antibodies from complex mixtures. Quality chromatographic components (matrices and affinity ligands) have either been found or generated to increase the purity and yield of antibodies. More importantly, some matrices (mainly particles) and affinity ligands (including design protocols) for antibody purification can act as radiosensitizers or carriers for therapeutic radionuclides (or for radiosensitizers) either directly or indirectly to improve the therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy. This paper provides a brief overview on the matrices and ligands used in affinity chromatography that are involved in antibody purification and emphasizes their applications in radiotherapy to enrich potential approaches for improving the efficacy of radiotherapy.
Topics: Antibodies; Chromatography, Affinity; Ligands
PubMed: 35740946
DOI: 10.3390/biom12060821 -
Biochimie Feb 2018The present review deals with the place of single chain oligonucleotide ligands (aptamers) in affinity chromatography applied to proteins. Aptamers are not the only... (Review)
Review
The present review deals with the place of single chain oligonucleotide ligands (aptamers) in affinity chromatography applied to proteins. Aptamers are not the only affinity ligands available but they represent an emerging and highly promising route that advantageously competes with antibodies in immunopurification processes. A historical background of affinity chromatography from the beginning of the discipline to the most recent outcomes is first presented. Then the focus is centered on aptamers which represent the last step so far to the long quest for affinity ligands associating very high specificity, availability and strong stability against most harsh cleaning agents required in chromatography. Then technologies of ligand selection from large libraries followed by the most appropriate chemical grafting approaches are described and supported by a number of bibliographic references. Experimental results assembled from relevant published paper are reported; they are selected by their practical applicability and potential use at large scale. The review concludes with specific remarks and future developments that are expected in the near future to turn this technology into a large acceptance for preparative applications.
Topics: Aptamers, Nucleotide; Chromatography, Affinity; Proteins
PubMed: 29054800
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.008 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Jan 2023Membrane chromatography is mainly used for the separation and purification of proteins and biological macromolecules in the downstream processing process, also... (Review)
Review
Membrane chromatography is mainly used for the separation and purification of proteins and biological macromolecules in the downstream processing process, also applications in sewage disposal. Membrane chromatography is recognized as an effective alternative to column chromatography because it significantly improves chromatography from affinity, hydrophobicity, and ion exchange; the development status of membrane chromatography in membrane matrix and membrane equipment is thoroughly discussed, and the applications of protein capture and intermediate purification, virus, monoclonal antibody purification, water treatment, and others are summarized. This review will provide value for the exploration and potential application of membrane chromatography.
Topics: Cricetinae; Animals; Cricetulus; CHO Cells; Chromatography; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Membranes, Artificial; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, Ion Exchange
PubMed: 36131143
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04325-8 -
Clinical Chemistry Jun 2017The interactions between biochemical and chemical agents in the body are important in many clinical processes. Affinity chromatography and high-performance affinity... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The interactions between biochemical and chemical agents in the body are important in many clinical processes. Affinity chromatography and high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC), in which a column contains an immobilized biologically related binding agent, are 2 methods that can be used to study these interactions.
CONTENT
This review presents various approaches that can be used in affinity chromatography and HPAC to characterize the strength or rate of a biological interaction, the number and types of sites that are involved in this process, and the interactions between multiple solutes for the same binding agent. A number of applications for these methods are examined, with an emphasis on recent developments and high-performance affinity methods. These applications include the use of these techniques for fundamental studies of biological interactions, high-throughput screening of drugs, work with modified proteins, tools for personalized medicine, and studies of drug-drug competition for a common binding agent.
SUMMARY
The wide range of formats and detection methods that can be used with affinity chromatography and HPAC for examining biological interactions makes these tools attractive for various clinical and pharmaceutical applications. Future directions in the development of small-scale columns and the coupling of these methods with other techniques, such as mass spectrometry or other separation methods, should continue to increase the flexibility and ease with which these approaches can be used in work involving clinical or pharmaceutical samples.
Topics: Chemistry, Clinical; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 28396561
DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.262253 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Oct 2012Affinity chromatography is a separation technique that has become increasingly important in work with biological samples and pharmaceutical agents. This method is based... (Review)
Review
Affinity chromatography is a separation technique that has become increasingly important in work with biological samples and pharmaceutical agents. This method is based on the use of a biologically related agent as a stationary phase to selectively retain analytes or to study biological interactions. This review discusses the basic principles behind affinity chromatography and examines recent developments that have occurred in the use of this method for biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis. Techniques based on traditional affinity supports are discussed, but an emphasis is placed on methods in which affinity columns are used as part of HPLC systems or in combination with other analytical methods. General formats for affinity chromatography that are considered include step elution schemes, weak affinity chromatography, affinity extraction and affinity depletion. Specific separation techniques that are examined include lectin affinity chromatography, boronate affinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography, and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. Approaches for the study of biological interactions by affinity chromatography are also presented, such as the measurement of equilibrium constants, rate constants, or competition and displacement effects. In addition, related developments in the use of immobilized enzyme reactors, molecularly imprinted polymers, dye ligands and aptamers are briefly considered.
Topics: Boron; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Immunoassay; Ions; Lectins; Ligands; Mass Spectrometry; Metals; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Polymers; Surface Properties; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 22305083
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.01.004 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Mar 2013Affinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a type of liquid chromatography that uses a monolithic support and a biologically related binding agent as a stationary phase.... (Review)
Review
Affinity monolith chromatography (AMC) is a type of liquid chromatography that uses a monolithic support and a biologically related binding agent as a stationary phase. AMC is a powerful method for the selective separation, analysis, or study of specific target compounds in a sample. This review discusses the basic principles of AMC and recent developments and applications of this method, with particular emphasis being given to work that has appeared in the last 5 years. Various materials that have been used to prepare columns for AMC are examined, including organic monoliths, silica monoliths, agarose monoliths, and cryogels. These supports have been used in AMC for formats that have ranged from traditional columns to disks, microcolumns, and capillaries. Many binding agents have also been employed in AMC, such as antibodies, enzymes, proteins, lectins, immobilized metal ions, and dyes. Some applications that have been reported with these binding agents in AMC are bioaffinity chromatography, immunoaffinity chromatography or immunoextraction, immobilized-metal-ion affinity chromatography, dye-ligand affinity chromatography, chiral separations, and biointeraction studies. Examples are presented from fields that include analytical chemistry, pharmaceutical analysis, clinical testing, and biotechnology. Current trends and possible directions in AMC are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Biotechnology; Chromatography, Affinity; Humans; Proteins
PubMed: 23187827
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6568-4