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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Dec 2021Ammonia has adverse effects on aquatic animals, which is also widely distributed in natural aquatic environments and intensive aquaculture systems. The intestine is a...
Ammonia has adverse effects on aquatic animals, which is also widely distributed in natural aquatic environments and intensive aquaculture systems. The intestine is a primary defensive line for aquatic animals, the accumulation of ammonia in the aquatic environment can cause irreversible damage to intestinal function. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute ammonia stress on the reaction characteristics of digestive function, amino acid metabolism, and the variation in the intestinal microbiota of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Thus, the yellow catfish was placed in water with the addition of ammonia at 0 (control), 14.6, and 146 mg/L total ammonia nitrogen for 96-h. The present study observed that ammonia accumulated in the intestine and muscle (ammonia contents in the intestine and muscle increased) and induced the activities of protein digestive enzymes dysfunction (pepsin increased while trypsin decreased). Ammonia stress changed various amino acids composition (proline, arginine, lysine, histidine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, and aspartic acid contents were increased in muscle) and increased the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in muscle. Furthermore, through 16 S rRNA gene analysis, ammonia stress-induced reduction in diversity, richness, and evenness and structure of microbiota alteration in the intestine. At the phylum level, the abundance of Fusobacteria increased while Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased significantly. At the genus level, the abundance of beneficial microbiota Cetobacterium significantly increased after ammonia stress. In conclusion, activation of amino acid synthesis in muscle may be involved in ammonia detoxification after severe ammonia stress. The accumulation of ammonia can disrupt the intestinal digestive function and intestinal microbiota community. The Cetobacterium may be a new potential positive factor in the resistance of ammonia toxicity.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Animals; Catfishes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines
PubMed: 34700169
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112932 -
Molecular Microbiology Nov 2014Organelles are membrane-enclosed compartments that serve a dedicated physiological purpose. While eukaryotic organelles are common textbook knowledge, bacteria were long...
Organelles are membrane-enclosed compartments that serve a dedicated physiological purpose. While eukaryotic organelles are common textbook knowledge, bacteria were long thought to lack such subcellular organization. However, Planctomycetes were proposed to comprise a compartmentalized cell plan, including membrane-enclosed organelles such as the paryphoplasm, the pirellulosome, a nucleus-like membrane system and the anammoxosome. The latter is the hallmark of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria, which gain energy by coupling the oxidation of ammonium to the reduction of nitrite. Since calculations indicate that 50% of nitrogen gas in the earth atmosphere results from anammox activity, this process is key for the global nitrogen cycle. Despite strong evidence for a confined compartment housing this reaction, the concept of planctomycetal compartmentalization in general is currently under debate and the presence of organelles in these bacteria was questioned. However, Neumann et al. (2014) report the isolation of physiological functional anammoxosomes from 'Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis'. Subsequent proteomic and microscopic analysis revealed a confined organelle, paralleling eukaryotic mitochondria. This advance is of major importance for the understanding of bacterial compartmentalization in general and of the Planctomycetes in particular. Furthermore, the work of Neumann et al. leads to a better understanding of the anammox process.
Topics: Ammonia; Bacteria; Organelles
PubMed: 25287615
DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12814 -
Cell Metabolism Jul 2022Tumor-supporting roles of ammonia have gained greater appreciation in recent years and normally focus on ammonia's role as a nitrogen source. Recently in Nature...
Tumor-supporting roles of ammonia have gained greater appreciation in recent years and normally focus on ammonia's role as a nitrogen source. Recently in Nature Metabolism,Cheng et al. (2022) demonstrate a novel, non-nitrogen, metabolism-related role of ammonia as a key activator for lipogenesis by facilitating SREBP-1 activation.
Topics: Ammonia; Carcinogenesis; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lipogenesis; Nitrogen
PubMed: 35793658
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.06.009 -
Chemical Reviews Jun 2020
Topics: Ammonia; Atmosphere; Metals, Heavy; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation
PubMed: 32575991
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00361 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Oct 2021The application of nitrogen fertilizers in the rice-crab co-culture system may expose juvenile Eriocheir sinensis to high ammonia concentrations within a short period of...
The application of nitrogen fertilizers in the rice-crab co-culture system may expose juvenile Eriocheir sinensis to high ammonia concentrations within a short period of time, potentially causing death. Currently, the molecular mechanism underlying ammonia toxicity in juvenile Eriocheir sinensis remains poorly understood. This study compared the effects of 24 h exposure to different total ammonia-N concentrations (0, 10.47, and 41.87 mg/L) on antioxidant enzyme activities and tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomics in the hepatopancreas of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis. During the experiment, water temperature and pH were maintained at 20.4 ± 1.4 °C and 7.69 ± 0.46, respectively. Proteomic data demonstrated that Eriocheir sinensis used different metabolic regulatory mechanisms to adapt to varying ammonia conditions. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycogen degradation, and oxidative phosphorylation showed marginally upregulated trends under low ammonia exposure. High ammonia stress caused downregulation of the TCA cycle and provided energy by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid beta oxidation, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen degradation. The detoxification of ammonia into urea and glutamine was suppressed under high ammonia stress. Finally, ammonia exposure induced oxidative stress and caused protein damage. Antioxidant enzyme activity analysis further revealed that exposure to high concentrations of ammonia may induce more severe oxidative stress. This study provides a global perspective on the mechanisms underlying ammonia exposure-induced metabolic changes and stress damage in juvenile Eriocheir sinensis.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Antioxidants; Brachyura; Hepatopancreas; Proteomics
PubMed: 34365214
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112608 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Mar 2023Ammonia is the primary environmental factor affecting the growth and health of crustaceans. It would induce oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Extra amount of...
Ammonia is the primary environmental factor affecting the growth and health of crustaceans. It would induce oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Extra amount of energy was demanded to maintain the physiological functions under ammonia stress. However, limited information was available on its effects on the main nutrient metabolism, as well as the nutrient sensing signaling pathways. In the present study, shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were exposed to acute ammonia stress and injected with amino acid solution. The results showed that acute ammonia exposure resulted in lower free amino acid levels in hemolymph, incomplete activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and cascaded less protein synthesis in muscle. It induced autophagy and activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Meanwhile, ammonia exposure enhanced glycolysis and lipogenesis, but inhibited lipolysis. The results characterized the integrated metabolic responses and nutrient signaling to ammonia stress. It provides critical clues to understand the growth performance and physiological responses in shrimp under ammonia stress.
Topics: Animals; Ammonia; Stress, Physiological; Penaeidae; Energy Metabolism; Amino Acids
PubMed: 36827896
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114672 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2020Nitrogen species such as ammonia and nitrite are considered as major stressors in modern aquaculture practices. We developed enrichments of ammonia oxidising bacteria... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Nitrogen species such as ammonia and nitrite are considered as major stressors in modern aquaculture practices. We developed enrichments of ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB) for effective mitigation of nitrogenous wastes in the shrimp culture operations. The objective of this study was to understand the microbial community composition of AOB and NOB enrichments using the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The analysis revealed 2948 and 1069 OTUs at 97% similarity index and Shannon alpha diversity index of 7.64 and 4.85 for AOB and NOB enrichments, respectively. Comparative analysis showed that a total of 887 OTUs were common among AOB and NOB enrichments. The AOB and NOB enrichment were dominated by Eubacteria at 96% and 99.7% respectively. Proteobacterial phylum constituted 31.46% (AOB) and 39.75% (NOB) and dominated by α-Proteobacteria (20%) in AOB and γ-Proteobacteria (16%) in NOB. Among the species in AOB enrichment (2,948) two sequences were assigned to ammonia oxidising bacterial group belonging to Nitrosomonas, and Nitrosococcus genera and two belonged to archaeon group comprising Nitrosopumilus and Candidatus Nitrososphaeraea genera. The NOB enrichment was predominated by Nitrospiraceae and Thermodesulfovibrionaceae. Further, the data revealed the presence of heterotrophic bacteria contributing to the process of nitrification and form microcosm with the AOB and NOB. PICRUSt analysis predicted the presence of 24 different nitrogen cycling genes involved in nitrification, denitrification, ammonia and nitrogen transporter family, nitrate reduction and ammonia assimilation. The study confirms the presence of many lesser known nitrifying bacteria along with well characterised nitrifiers.
Topics: Ammonia; Autotrophic Processes; Bacteria; Heterotrophic Processes; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metagenome; Microbiota; Nitrification; Nitrites; Nitrogen Cycle; Oxidation-Reduction; Ribotyping; Saline Waters; Species Specificity; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 32251334
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62183-9 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Apr 2024The urea cycle (UC) is a critically important metabolic process for the disposal of nitrogen (ammonia) produced by amino acids catabolism. The impairment of this... (Review)
Review
The urea cycle (UC) is a critically important metabolic process for the disposal of nitrogen (ammonia) produced by amino acids catabolism. The impairment of this liver-specific pathway induced either by primary genetic defects or by secondary causes, namely those associated with hepatic disease or drug administration, may result in serious clinical consequences. Urea cycle disorders (UCD) and certain organic acidurias are the major groups of inherited rare diseases manifested with hyperammonemia (HA) with UC dysregulation. Importantly, several commonly prescribed drugs, including antiepileptics in monotherapy or polytherapy from carbamazepine to valproic acid or specific antineoplastic agents such as asparaginase or 5-fluorouracil may be associated with HA by mechanisms not fully elucidated. HA, disclosing an imbalance between ammoniagenesis and ammonia disposal via the UC, can evolve to encephalopathy which may lead to significant morbidity and central nervous system damage. This review will focus on biochemical mechanisms related with HA emphasizing some poorly understood perspectives behind the disruption of the UC and mitochondrial energy metabolism, namely: i) changes in acetyl-CoA or NAD levels in subcellular compartments; ii) post-translational modifications of key UC-related enzymes, namely acetylation, potentially affecting their catalytic activity; iii) the mitochondrial sirtuins-mediated role in ureagenesis. Moreover, the main UCD associated with HA will be summarized to highlight the relevance of investigating possible genetic mutations to account for unexpected HA during certain pharmacological therapies. The ammonia-induced effects should be avoided or overcome as part of safer therapeutic strategies to protect patients under treatment with drugs that may be potentially associated with HA.
Topics: Humans; Hyperammonemia; Ammonia; Liver Diseases; Urea
PubMed: 38307136
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116034 -
British Medical Journal Sep 1961
Topics: Ammonia; Exercise; Humans; Physical Exertion
PubMed: 14447350
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Environmental Management Feb 2015Ammonia emissions are a major problem associated with animal slurry management, and solutions to overcome this problem are required worldwide by farmers and... (Review)
Review
Ammonia emissions are a major problem associated with animal slurry management, and solutions to overcome this problem are required worldwide by farmers and stakeholders. An obvious way to minimize ammonia emissions from slurry is to decrease slurry pH by addition of acids or other substances. This solution has been used commonly since 2010 in countries such as Denmark, and its efficiency with regard to the minimization of NH3 emissions has been documented in many studies. Nevertheless, the impact of such treatment on other gaseous emissions during storage is not clear, since the studies performed so far have provided different scenarios. Similarly, the impact of the soil application of acidified slurry on plant production and diffuse pollution has been considered in several studies. Also, the impact of acidification upon combination with other slurry treatment technologies (e.g. mechanical separation, anaerobic digestion …) is important to consider. Here, a compilation and critical review of all these studies has been performed in order to fully understand the global impact of slurry acidification and assess the applicability of this treatment for slurry management.
Topics: Acids; Agriculture; Ammonia; Animals; Denmark; Environmental Pollution; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Manure; Soil
PubMed: 25463570
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.001