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Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... Oct 2023A new solid-state inorganic compound, indium dilead penta-chloride, InPbCl, was synthesized by melting InCl and PbCl in a vacuum-sealed quartz ampoule. The ampoule was...
A new solid-state inorganic compound, indium dilead penta-chloride, InPbCl, was synthesized by melting InCl and PbCl in a vacuum-sealed quartz ampoule. The ampoule was heated to 793 K and then slowly cooled to room temperature to induce crystallization of InPbCl. InPbCl crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system adopting a space group of type 2/, which is isostructural with other metal halides such as RbPbCl, KPbCl and TlPbCl. The bulk InPbCl exhibits a metallic black/grey colour, allowing it to be separated from white/yellow PbCl crystals. Due to the incongruent nature of the compound, the pure bulk InPbCl was not obtained. The black/grey InPbCl crystals were characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. InPbCl was also explored, however the growth was unsuccessful.
PubMed: 37817955
DOI: 10.1107/S2056989023007892 -
Gels (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The application results of profile control and water plugging technology are highly related to the gelation time and strength of phenolic resin hydrogel. In this work, a...
The application results of profile control and water plugging technology are highly related to the gelation time and strength of phenolic resin hydrogel. In this work, a hydrogel solution was prepared by fully mixing the prepared polymer solution with a crosslinker. The static gelation process of PFR hydrogel in ampoule bottles and porous media was analyzed by changes in the viscosity and residual resistance coefficient. Then, the dynamic gelation of the PFR hydrogel in porous media was tested using a circulating flow device, and the changes in viscosity and injection pressure were analyzed during the dynamic gelation process. Finally, the effects of the polymer concentration and crosslinker concentration on dynamic gelation were analyzed. The initial gelation time and final gelation time in porous media were 1-1.5 times and 1.5-2 times those in ampoule bottles under static conditions, respectively. The initial dynamic gelation time in porous media was 2-2.5 times and 1.5-2 times the initial static gelation times in ampoule bottles and porous media, respectively. The final dynamic gelation time was four times and two times the initial static gelation times in ampoule bottles and porous media, respectively. The production after dynamic gelation in porous media comprised hydrogel aggregates and water fluid, leading to a high injection pressure and low viscosity of the produced liquid. As the concentration of polymer and crosslinker increased, the dynamic gelation time was shortened and the gel strength was increased. In the dynamic gelation process in porous media, the phenol resin hydrogel could migrate deeply, but it was limited by the concentrations of the polymer and crosslinker. The results of subsequent water flooding showed that the polymer hydrogel had a good plugging ability after dynamic gelation. The deep reservoir could only be blocked off in the subsequent water flooding process when the migration of hydrogel happened in the dynamic gelation process.
PubMed: 38786242
DOI: 10.3390/gels10050325 -
Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia 2016Labetalol is a combined α and β adrenergic receptor blocker. It is used to treat hypertension, especially in pregnant patients. We report a case of a female patient...
Labetalol is a combined α and β adrenergic receptor blocker. It is used to treat hypertension, especially in pregnant patients. We report a case of a female patient who was given labetalol intrathecally in place of bupivacaine due to a similar appearance of ampoules which resulted in a drop in blood pressure and pulse rate. The patient responded to fluid resuscitation and there occurred no neurological sequelae.
PubMed: 27375395
DOI: 10.4103/1658-354X.174899 -
Journal of Thermal Analysis and... 2023This study involves isothermal kinetic simulation to evaluate the parameters of inhibition conditions for () and () of high-risk pathogens. This is because the new...
This study involves isothermal kinetic simulation to evaluate the parameters of inhibition conditions for () and () of high-risk pathogens. This is because the new type of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is continuously spreading and the importance of public health issues. Environmental disinfection and personal wearing of masks have become important epidemic prevention measures. Selection of concentration kinetics could be estimated best for and of pathogens, 2.74 × 10 and 10 and 2.44 × 10 and 10 colony-forming units (CFU mL), by isothermal micro-calorimeter (TAM Air) tests, respectively. Comparisons were made of different doses of 0-70 ppm (in 20 mL test ampoule) hypochlorous acid treatment for conducting th-order and autocatalytic reaction simulation to evaluate the inhibition reaction parameters, which determined the autocatalytic kinetic model that was beneficially applied on the and . We developed the inhibition reaction parameters of the pathogens, which included the activation energy ( ), the natural logarithm of pre-exponential factor (ln ), the enthalpy of inhibition microbial growth reaction (), inhibition microbial growth, and the inhibition growth analysis. Overall, we conducted isothermal kinetic simulation to understand the antimicrobial activity effects of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid-treated pathogenic microorganisms, which will provide reference for public health and medical-related fields for SDG3, and can contribute to ensuring human health and hygiene.
PubMed: 36338804
DOI: 10.1007/s10973-022-11727-4 -
European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy :... Nov 2019Intravenous admixtures of dexketoprofen-trometamol and paracetamol are frequently used in clinical practice due to synergism obtained administering both drugs...
BACKGROUND
Intravenous admixtures of dexketoprofen-trometamol and paracetamol are frequently used in clinical practice due to synergism obtained administering both drugs concomitantly. Physicochemical stability of binary admixture containing both drugs is currently unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To determine physicochemical stability of binary admixture containing dexketoprofen-trometamol 50 mg and paracetamol 1000 mg in a low-density polyethylene bottle at different storage conditions of light and temperature for advanced preparation.
METHODS
Eight mixtures containing dexketoprofen-trometamol (Enantyum ampule 2 mL) 50 mg and paracetamol (Paracetamol B. Braun bottle 100 mL) 1000 mg were prepared and stored at: room temperature and exposed to light; room temperature and protected from light; refrigerated and exposed to light; and refrigerated and protected from light. From each mixture, aliquots were extracted at different times for 15 days. For physical compatibility, pH measure, gravimetric analysis and visual inspection were carried out. For chemical stability, concentrations of dexketoprofen-trometamol and paracetamol were simultaneously measured by high performance liquid chromatography.
RESULTS
Only refrigerated mixtures showed incompatibility since white precipitation appeared at day 6, possibly due to paracetamol instability. Remaining drugs concentrations were in all cases≥90% after 15 days.
CONCLUSION
Binary mixture containing paracetamol (100 mL) 1000 mg and dexketoprofen-trometamol (2 mL) 50 mg in a low-density polyethylene bottle is physicochemically stable for 5 days under refrigeration and 15 days at room temperature. By considering also microbial contamination, this mixture can be prepared in advance, 5 days stored refrigerated and 2 days stored at room temperature, being unnecessary protection from light.
PubMed: 31798852
DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001535 -
European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy :... Jan 2021To develop methods for surface bioburden determination of ampoules and vials to be used in the validation of the disinfection procedures and in routine monitoring of...
OBJECTIVES
To develop methods for surface bioburden determination of ampoules and vials to be used in the validation of the disinfection procedures and in routine monitoring of ampoules and vials.
METHODS
The surface bioburdens of ampoules and vials are determined before and after disinfection by contact plates and total immersion.
RESULTS
The mean surface bioburdens of non-disinfected ampoules and vials taken straight from the original boxes are 2.4 and 5.01 cfu (total immersion; n = 20), and 0.97 and 0.94 cfu (contact plates; n = 60). The mean surface bioburdens of ampules and vials after disinfection by wiping are 1.15 and 7.50 cfu (total immersion; n = 20), and 0.12 and 0.10 cfu (contact plates; n = 60). The high number of cfu on vials (total immersion) indicate hidden cfu around the neck not removable by wiping and not detected by contact plates. Total immersion needs special laboratory facilities and is expensive (about €50 a sample). Therefore, it is less appropriate for use in routine monitoring. However, because of the high recovery, it is the method of choice for the validation of the disinfection procedure. Surface bioburden determination by contact plates is relatively simple. Non-flat surfaces cannot be reached, but the recovery from the touched flat part of the surface is high (around 50%). The recovery from swabs is low (around 10%). Another disadvantage of swabs is the laboratory work after sampling. We therefore advise contact plates for routine monitoring. To get a reliable value of the mean surface bioburden at least 30 samples need to be examined.
CONCLUSION
Total immersion is the method of choice for the determination of the effectiveness of a disinfection procedure for ampoules and vials. Contact plate is the method of choice for routine monitoring of the surfaces of ampoules and vials.
Topics: Disinfection; Hospitals; Pharmacies
PubMed: 33355282
DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001672 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022Sharp injuries are a serious issue among healthcare workers (HCWs). The aim of the study was to examine the frequency of sharps injuries among nurses (who have the most...
Sharp injuries are a serious issue among healthcare workers (HCWs). The aim of the study was to examine the frequency of sharps injuries among nurses (who have the most frequent contact with infectious material) when using devices with and without safety features, then to analyse the factors associated with such injuries and to compare the risk of injuries with safety engineered devices (SEDs) and non-safety engineered devices (non-SEDs). An online cross-sectional survey was completed between October 2021 and March 2022 by 280 nurses. The incidence of exposure to sharp injury during their professional life was 51.4%. The percentage of nurses experiencing a sharp injury in the year preceding the study was 29% and 9.6% for superficially and deep injury, respectively. Ampoules and conventional hollow-bore needles caused the most injuries (25.92% and 22.64% of nurses in the last year). Factors including sex (males), age and seniority (elderly), education (higher), work exhaustion and being left-handed were associated with the occurrence of conventional hollow-bore needle injuries. In the case of SEDs: age, seniority and right/left-handed were the most frequent risk factors associated with the occurrence of sharp injuries. SEDs injuries were much less frequent than non-SEDs. There was a significant difference between the risk of injuries with safety and non-safety needles, central cannulas and ampoules. Fisher's exact test (-value = 0.000) and positive Spearman's rho statistics (0.2319, -value = 0.0001) confirmed that in accredited hospitals, the availability of safety needles was higher. Almost half of the nurses ( = 115, 41.07%) stated that staff had little influence on the type of medical sharp instruments supplied. To reduce the risk of nurse injuries, access to medical devices with safe protection mechanisms should be ensured, the use of sharp instruments should be limited where possible, managers should consult nurses regarding the choice of safe devices, and training programs on the proper use of SEDs should be available.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Susceptibility; Health Personnel; Humans; Male; Needlestick Injuries; Poland; Protective Devices
PubMed: 36141587
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811315 -
Biomedicines Apr 2023Effective options in the quiescent, scantily inflammatory phase of localized scleroderma (morphea) are lacking. A cohort study in patients with histologically confirmed...
Effective options in the quiescent, scantily inflammatory phase of localized scleroderma (morphea) are lacking. A cohort study in patients with histologically confirmed fibroatrophic morphea explored the therapeutic value of the anti-dystrophic A2A adenosine agonist polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN, one daily 5.625 mg/3 mL ampoule for 90 days with a three-month follow-up). Primary efficacy endpoints: Localized Scleroderma Cutaneous Assessment Tool mLoSSI and mLoSDI subscores for disease activity and damage in eighteen areas; Physicians Global Assessment for Activity (PGA-A) and Damage (PGA-D) VAS scores; skin echography. Secondary efficacy endpoints: mLoSSI, mLoSDI, PGA-A, PGA-D, and morphea areas (photographs) over time; Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); skin biopsy scores and induration over time. Twenty-five patients enrolled; 20 completed the follow-up period. Highly significant improvements at the end of the 3-month treatment period: mLoSSI-73.7%, mLoSDI-43.9%, PGA-A-60.4%, PGA-D-40.3%, with further improvements at follow-up visit for all disease activity and damage indexes. Overall, the outcomes suggest that a daily PDRN ampoule intramuscularly for 90 days reduces disease activity and damage rapidly and significantly in quiescent, modestly inflammatory morphea with few currently therapeutic options. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns caused difficulties in enrollment, and some patients were lost to follow-up. Due to low final enrollment, the study outcomes may have only an exploratory value, yet they appear impressive. The anti-dystrophic potential of the PDRN A2A adenosine agonist deserves further in-depth exploration.
PubMed: 37189808
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041190 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Titanium undergoes biological aging, represented by increased hydrophobicity and surface accumulation of organic molecules over time, which compromises the...
Titanium undergoes biological aging, represented by increased hydrophobicity and surface accumulation of organic molecules over time, which compromises the osseointegration of dental and orthopedic implants. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel UV light source, 172 nm wavelength vacuum UV (VUV), in decomposing organic molecules around titanium. Methylene blue solution used as a model organic molecule placed in a quartz ampoule with and without titanium specimens was treated with four different UV light sources: (i) ultraviolet C (UVC), (ii) high-energy UVC (HUVC), (iii) proprietary UV (PUV), and (iv) VUV. After one minute of treatment, VUV decomposed over 90% of methylene blue, while there was 3-, 3-, and 8-fold more methylene blue after the HUVC, PUV, and UVC treatments, respectively. In dose-dependency experiments, maximal methylene blue decomposition occurred after one minute of VUV treatment and after 20-30 min of UVC treatment. Rapid and effective VUV-mediated organic decomposition was not influenced by the surface topography of titanium or its alloy and even occurred in the absence of titanium, indicating only a minimal photocatalytic contribution of titanium dioxide to organic decomposition. VUV-mediated but not other light source-mediated methylene blue decomposition was proportional to its concentration. Plastic tubes significantly reduced methylene blue decomposition for all light sources. These results suggest that VUV, in synergy with quartz ampoules, mediates rapid and effective organic decomposition compared with other UV sources. This proof-of-concept study paves the way for rapid and effective VUV-powered photofunctionalization of titanium to overcome biological aging.
Topics: Ultraviolet Rays; Titanium; Vacuum; Methylene Blue; Quartz; Surface Properties
PubMed: 36768297
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031978 -
Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) May 2016To compare sterility and microbial (bacteria and fungi) load in the outer part of hyperbaric bupivacaine (Neocaína®) in ampoule and bupivacaine in vial, in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To compare sterility and microbial (bacteria and fungi) load in the outer part of hyperbaric bupivacaine (Neocaína®) in ampoule and bupivacaine in vial, in conventional and sterile pack formulations.
METHODS
The sterile packs were divided into two groups: G1 (n=16) with ampoules and G2 (n=16) with vials. Conventional formulations were divided into two groups, being G3 (n=16) with ampoules and G4 (n=16) with vials. The ampoules and vials were opened and had their content drawn. The empty bottles were then placed in sterile plastic bags and sent for analysis of microbial load (bacteria and fungi) and sterility testing. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test with Yates correction, and 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS
G1 and G2 showed no bacterial growth when compared to conventional groups (p<0.001). The most common agent in conventional microbiological samples was Staphylococcus aureus. There was no fungal growth in both groups.
CONCLUSION
The use of (sterile pack) reduces the microbial load of bottles, and would decrease the chance of exposure to potential contamination of the anesthetic solution.
OBJETIVO
Comparar a esterilidade e a carga microbiana (bactérias e fungos) da parte externa dos frascos de envasamento de bupivacaína hiperbárica (Neocaína®) em ampola e bupivacaína em frasco-ampola das apresentações convencional e estéril (sterile pack).
MÉTODOS
As apresentações estéreis (sterile pack) foram distribuídas em dois grupos, sendo que o G1 (n=16) continha as ampolas e o G2 (n=16), os frascos-ampola. As apresentações convencionais foram distribuídas em dois grupos, a saber G3 (n=16) com as ampolas e G4 (n=16) com os frascos-ampola. As ampolas e os frascos-ampolas eram abertos e tinham seu conteúdo aspirado. Os frascos vazios eram, então, acondicionados em sacos plásticos estéreis e enviados para análise quanto à carga microbiana (bactérias e fungos), bem como para o teste de esterilidade. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste χ2 com correção Yates com intervalo de confiança de 95%.
RESULTADOS
Os grupos G1 e G2 não apresentaram crescimento bacteriano quando comparado aos grupos convencionais (p<0,001). O microbiano mais comum nas amostras convencionais foi o Staphylococcus aureus. Não houve crescimento de fungos em nenhum dos grupos.
CONCLUSÃO
O uso de embalagens estéreis (sterile pack) diminui a carga microbiana dos frascos de envasamentos, o que diminuiria a chance de exposição a uma potencial contaminação da solução anestésica.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Bacillus; Bupivacaine; Colony Count, Microbial; Drug Contamination; Drug Packaging; Equipment Contamination; Equipment and Supplies; Micrococcus; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors; Staphylococcus aureus; Sterilization; Time Factors
PubMed: 27223307
DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082016AO3484