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Nutrients Jul 2019Oral supplementation of anserine/carnosine helps preserve cognitive functions in healthy older adults. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition between... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Oral supplementation of anserine/carnosine helps preserve cognitive functions in healthy older adults. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition between cognitive-normal and dementia. Therefore, it needs to investigate whether anserine/carnosine supplementation (ACS) has effects on subjects with MCI.
METHODS
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week trial was performed. Fifty-four subjects with MCI were randomized to an active group ingesting 750 mg of anserine and 250 mg of carnosine per day or a placebo (1:1). Evaluation of cognitive change was conducted utilizing a psychometric test battery.
RESULTS
The score improvement in the global Clinical Dementia Rating (gloCDR) was superior in the active group than placebo ( = 0.023). No beneficial effect in the active group was detected in the other psychometric tests including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS). When APOE4 positive (APOE4 (+)) or negative (APOE4 (-)) subjects were separately analyzed, beneficial change in the APOE4 (+) subjects was observed in MMSE ( = 0.025) as well as in gloCDR ( = 0.026).
CONCLUSIONS
The present study might suggest that protective effects against cognitive decline in APOE4 (+) MCI subjects exist.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Anserine; Apolipoprotein E4; Carnosine; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 31319510
DOI: 10.3390/nu11071626 -
Journal of the International Society of... Feb 2021chicken meat extract is a popular functional food in Asia. It is rich in the bioactive compounds carnosine and anserine, two histidine-containing dipeptides (HCD)....
BACKGROUND
chicken meat extract is a popular functional food in Asia. It is rich in the bioactive compounds carnosine and anserine, two histidine-containing dipeptides (HCD). Studies suggest that acute pre-exercise ingestion of chicken extracts has important applications towards exercise performance and fatigue control, but the evidence is equivocal. This study aimed to evaluate the ergogenic potential of the pre-exercise ingestion of a homemade chicken broth (CB) vs a placebo soup on a short-lasting, high-intensity cycling exercise.
METHODS
fourteen men participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover intervention study. Subjects ingested either CB, thereby receiving 46.4 mg/kg body weight of HCD, or a placebo soup (similar in taste without HCD) 40 min before an 8 min cycling time trial (TT) was performed. Venous blood samples were collected at arrival (fasted), before exercise and at 5 min recovery. Plasma HCD were measured with UPLC-MS/MS and glutathione (in red blood cells) was measured through HPLC. Capillary blood samples were collected at different timepoints before and after exercise.
RESULTS
a significant improvement (p = 0.033; 5.2%) of the 8 min TT mean power was observed after CB supplementation compared to placebo. Post-exercise plasma carnosine (p < 0.05) and anserine (p < 0.001) was significantly increased after CB supplementation and not following placebo. No significant effect of CB supplementation was observed either on blood glutathione levels, nor on capillary blood analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
oral CB supplementation improved the 8 min TT performance albeit it did not affect the acid-base balance or oxidative status parameters. Further research should unravel the potential role and mechanisms of HCD, present in CB, in this ergogenic approach.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anserine; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Capillaries; Carnosine; Chickens; Chromatography, Liquid; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Food; Glutathione; Humans; Male; Meat; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Placebos; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Time Factors
PubMed: 33588872
DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00408-6 -
Korean Journal For Food Science of... 2014The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of blood meal as a source of L-histidine, and the addition of magnesium (Mg) as a...
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of blood meal as a source of L-histidine, and the addition of magnesium (Mg) as a catalyst of carnosine synthetase for the carnosine and anserine concentrations of pig muscles (longissimus dorsi, LD and vastus intermedius, VI). A total of twenty-four pigs with an average body weight of 60.2±4.2 kg were randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (eight replicates), during 56 d of the feeding trial. Dietary treatments included: (1) Basal: basal diet; (2) BM: 95% basal diet + 5% blood meal; and (3) BM+Mg: 94.8% basal diet + 5% blood meal + 0.2% MgO (60% Mg). Results indicated that drip loss in the LD was less (p<0.05) for meat with BM+Mg treatment than that with Basal treatment, but the values for BM treatment did not differ from those of the other two treatment groups. The concentrations of carnosine in the LD were increased by 10.0% in both BM and BM+Mg treatment groups over the Basal treatment group (significance not verified). The concentrations of carnosine and anserine in the VI were not affected by the dietary treatments. Inclusion of additional Mg in diets had no effect on carnosine and anserine concentrations in the LD and VI. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of blood meal could be a potential method of fortifying the pork with carnosine. Inclusion of additional Mg in the diets containing blood meal had no benefit on carnosine and anserine depositions in pig muscles.
PubMed: 26760946
DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.2.252 -
Nutrients Aug 2023, which encodes the monocarboxylate transporter 13 (MCT13), is a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes and is expressed in the liver and duodenum. Some...
, which encodes the monocarboxylate transporter 13 (MCT13), is a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes and is expressed in the liver and duodenum. Some peptidase-resistant oligopeptides are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and affect glycemic control in the body. Their efficient absorption is mediated by oligopeptide transporter(s) at the apical and basolateral membranes of the intestinal epithelia; however, the molecules responsible for basolateral oligopeptide transport have not been identified. In this study, we examined whether MCT13 functions as a novel basolateral oligopeptide transporter. We evaluated the uptake of oligopeptides and peptidomimetics in MCT13-transfected cells. The uptake of cephradine, a probe for peptide transport system(s), significantly increased in MCT13-transfected cells, and this increase was sensitive to membrane potential. The cellular accumulation of bioactive peptides, such as anserine and carnosine, was decreased by MCT13, indicating MCT13-mediated efflux transport activity. In polarized Caco-2 cells, MCT13 was localized at the basolateral membrane. MCT13 induction enhanced cephradine transport in an apical-to-basal direction across Caco-2 cells. These results indicate that MCT13 functions as a novel efflux transporter of oligopeptides and peptidomimetics, driven by electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane, and it may be involved in the transport of these compounds across the intestinal epithelia.
Topics: Humans; Caco-2 Cells; Cephradine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Peptidomimetics; Cell Membrane; Oligopeptides
PubMed: 37630718
DOI: 10.3390/nu15163527 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2021Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are closely associated with prematurity, stillbirth, and maternal morbidity and mortality. The onset of hypertensive disorders of...
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are closely associated with prematurity, stillbirth, and maternal morbidity and mortality. The onset of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is generally noticed after the 20th week of gestation, limiting earlier intervention. The placenta is directly responsible for modulating local and systemic physiology by communicating using mechanisms such as the release of extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes. In this study, we postulated that an analysis of exosome-enriched maternal plasma could provide a more focused and applicable approach for diagnosing HDP earlier in pregnancy. Therefore, the peripheral blood plasma of 24 pregnant women (11 controls, 13 HDP) was collected between 20th and 24th gestational weeks and centrifuged for exosome enrichment. Exosome-enriched plasma samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and by proton nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics (H NMR). Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the Raman data, from the spectral region of 600-1,800 cm, to determine its potential to discriminate between groups. Using principal component analysis, we were able to differentiate the two groups, with 89% of all variances found in the first three principal components. In patients with HDP, most significant differences in Raman bands intensity were found for sphingomyelin, acetyl CoA, methionine, DNA, RNA, phenylalanine, tryptophan, carotenoids, tyrosine, arginine, leucine, amide I and III, and phospholipids. The H NMR analysis showed reduced levels of D-glucose, L-proline, L-tyrosine, glycine, and anserine in HDP, while levels of 2-hydroxyvalerate, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were increased. H NMR results were able to assign an unknown sample to either the control or HDP groups at a precision of 88.3% using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and 87% using logistic regression analysis. Our results suggested that an analysis of exosome-enriched plasma could provide an initial assessment of placental function at the maternal-fetal interface and aid HDP diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, as well as to detect novel, early biomarkers for HDP.
PubMed: 34970155
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.767112 -
Korean Journal For Food Science of... 2016This study aimed to investigate the effects of dry aging on the quality of pork loin. Longissimus lumborum muscles were dissected from the right half of five pork...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dry aging on the quality of pork loin. Longissimus lumborum muscles were dissected from the right half of five pork carcasses and were used as the control samples. The left halves of the carcasses were aged at 2±1℃ and a relative humidity of 80% for 40 d. The total aerobic bacteria count was similar between the control and dry-aged pork loin (p>0.05). Lactic-acid bacteria was absent in both the control and dry-aged pork loins. Dry-aged pork loin contained low moisture and high protein and ash compared to the controls (p<0.05). The pH was higher and cooking loss was lower in dry-aged pork loin compared to that in the control (p<0.05). Flavor related compounds, such as total free amino acid, hypoxanthine, and inosine of pork loin were higher in dry-aged pork loin; whereas, inosine 5'-monophosphate and guanosine 5'-monophosphate were low in dry-aged pork loin than control (p<0.05). There was no difference in carnosine and anserine content between dry-aged pork loin and the control (p>0.05). Dry-aged pork loin had lower hardness and shear force and received higher core in sensory evaluation than the control (p<0.05). According to the results, dry aging improved textural and sensorial quality of pork loin.
PubMed: 27433108
DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.3.369 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Jul 2015Anserine (β-alanyl-N(Pi)-methyl-L-histidine), a methylated derivative of carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), is an abundant constituent of vertebrate skeletal muscles....
Anserine (β-alanyl-N(Pi)-methyl-L-histidine), a methylated derivative of carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine), is an abundant constituent of vertebrate skeletal muscles. Although it has been suggested to serve as a proton buffer and radical scavenger, its physiological function remains mysterious. The formation of anserine is catalyzed by carnosine N-methyltransferase, recently identified in chicken as histamine N-methyltransferase-like (HNMT-like) protein. Although the HNMT-like gene is absent in mammalian genomes, the activity of carnosine N-methyltransferase was reported in most mammalian species. In the present investigation, we purified carnosine N-methyltransferase from rat muscles about 2600-fold. Three polypeptides of ∼ 45, 50, and 70 kDa coeluting with the enzyme activity were identified in the preparation. Mass spectrometry analysis of these polypeptides resulted in the identification of UPF0586 protein C9orf41 homolog as the only meaningful candidate. Rat UPF0586 and its yeast, chicken, and human orthologs were expressed in COS-7 cells and purified to homogeneity. Although all recombinant proteins catalyzed the formation of anserine, as confirmed by chromatographic and mass spectrometry analysis, rat UPF0586 was more active on carnosine than other orthologs. Confocal microscopy of HeLa cells expressing recombinant UPF5086 proteins revealed their presence in both cytosol and nucleus. Carnosine and Gly-His were the best substrates for all UPF0586 orthologs studied, although the enzymes also methylated other l-histidine-containing di- and tripeptides. Finally, cotransfection of COS-7 cells with rat or human UPF0586 and carnosine synthase transformed the cells into efficient anserine producers. We conclude that UPF0586 is mammalian carnosine N-methyltransferase and hypothesize that it may also serve as a peptide or protein methyltransferase in eukaryotes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anserine; Base Sequence; COS Cells; Carnosine; Chickens; Chlorocebus aethiops; DNA; HEK293 Cells; HeLa Cells; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscle, Skeletal; Phylogeny; Protein Methyltransferases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Recombinant Proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 26001783
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M115.640037 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Backyard poultry farming contributes to food security, nutrition, and the regular income of rural farmers in India. Their products have a niche market here and fetch...
Backyard poultry farming contributes to food security, nutrition, and the regular income of rural farmers in India. Their products have a niche market here and fetch higher prices than those of commercial poultry. Improved varieties are being developed to overcome the slow growth, late sexual maturity, and low production of indigenous breeds, while retaining their positive attributes. A comprehensive study was conducted to analyze the functional attributes of meat from the Jabalpur color (JBC), a colored, improved dual-purpose synthetic line, developed by Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, India. The birds were managed in a deep litter system under a backyard type of housing (night shelter and free range). Primal meat cuts (breast and thigh) of the male birds ( = 20/group) were evaluated at the age of marketing. The corresponding attributes were compared with the results obtained for commercial Cobb (400) broilers. The protein concentration of JBC breast (25.65 ± 0.39 g/100 g of tissue) and thigh (19.04 ± 0.23 g/100 g of tissue) meat was superior ( ≤ 0.05) to that of Cobb broilers. Established assays (in vitro) identified a better ( ≤ 0.05) antioxidation capacity in the JBC meat. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed a considerable quantity of functional biomolecules (carnosine, anserine, and creatine) in the JBC breast and thigh meat extracts. The average carnosine concentration (mg/g of tissue) was 2.66 ± 0.09 and 1.11 ± 0.04 in the JBC breast and thigh meat, respectively. The mRNA expression was quantified by qRT-PCR for the carnosine-related genes: β-alanine transporter (), carnosine-synthesizing enzyme (), and carnosine-degrading enzyme (); this explained the comparable carnosine in the JBC and Cobb meat. Meat extracts from both genetic groups (JBC and Cobb) had high anti-glycation potential. Higher protein content and antioxidant capacity, along with the bioactive dipeptides in the JBC meat, herald exciting research opportunities for its use in improving the traditional backyard poultry farming system.
PubMed: 37444172
DOI: 10.3390/foods12132434 -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2021Traumatic anserine folliculosis (TAF) is an under-recognized and under-reported entity that is commonly mistaken as comedonal acne. It is seen in children and young...
Traumatic anserine folliculosis (TAF) is an under-recognized and under-reported entity that is commonly mistaken as comedonal acne. It is seen in children and young adults and friction has been implicated as a probable factor in its causation. As face is the commonest site, biopsy may not be a feasible diagnostic option. Dermoscopy proves to be a reliable non-invasive diagnostic tool to differentiate these two disorders. In this article, we describe the dermoscopic features of TAF in three patients and also attempt to highlight the clinical and dermoscopic distinction between TAF and comedonal acne.
PubMed: 34430466
DOI: 10.4103/idoj.IDOJ_631_20 -
Korean Journal For Food Science of... 2016This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of boiled pork powder (BPP) and hot water extract powder (HWEP) from 4 cuts of meat...
This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of boiled pork powder (BPP) and hot water extract powder (HWEP) from 4 cuts of meat from Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc (LYD). The highest DPPH radical scavenging activities determined were from BPP of Boston butt (13.65 M TE) and HWEP of loin (19.40 M TE) and ham (21.45 M TE). The 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities of BPP from shoulder ham (39.28 M TE) and ham (39.43 M TE) were higher than those of other meat cuts, while HWEP of ham exhibited the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity. A higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity was determined for BPP from ham (198.35 M TE) and in HWEP from loin (204.07 M TE), Boston butt (192.85 M TE), and ham (201.36 M TE). Carnosine content of BPP and HWEP from loin and were determined to be 106.68 and 117.77 mg/g on a dry basis, respectively. The anserine content of BPP (5.26 mg/g, dry basis) and HWEP (6.79 mg/g, dry basis) of shoulder ham exhibited the highest value as compared to the extracts from the other meat cuts. The viability of RAW 264.7 cells was increased with increasing HWEP from loin and ham treatment. In addition, the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was significantly reduced by HWEP from loin and ham, in a dose dependent manner. These results suggested that boiled pork and hot water extract of pork have antioxidative and cytokine inhibitory effects.
PubMed: 27194938
DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.2.275