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Physiological Research 2010Oxidative stress is a phenomenon associated with pathogenetic mechanisms of several diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's... (Review)
Review
Oxidative stress is a phenomenon associated with pathogenetic mechanisms of several diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory diseases, as well as psychological diseases or aging processes. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between production of free radicals and reactive metabolites, so-called oxidants, and their elimination by protective mechanisms, referred to as antioxidative systems. This imbalance leads to damage of important biomolecules and organs with potential impact on the whole organism. Oxidative and antioxidative processes are associated with electron transfer influencing the redox state of cells and the organism. The changed redox state stimulates or inhibits activities of various signal proteins, resulting in a changed ability of signal pathways to influence the fate of cells. At present, the opinion that oxidative stress is not always harmful, has been accepted. Depending on the type of oxidants, intensity and time of redox imbalance as well as on the type of cells, oxidative stress can play a role in the regulation of other important processes through modulation of signal pathways, influencing synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, repair processes, inflammation, apoptosis and cell proliferation, and thus processes of malignity. Imprudent administration of antioxidants may therefore have a negative impact on the organism.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Homeostasis; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 19929132
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.931844 -
Nutrients Mar 2022Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic and medicinal plants, such as myrtle ( L.) and Laurel ( L.), are gaining popularity as a potential ingredient in functional foods and...
Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic and medicinal plants, such as myrtle ( L.) and Laurel ( L.), are gaining popularity as a potential ingredient in functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study aims to investigate whether the essential oils (EOs) could be effective in weight control, antioxidative and antilipidemic status of rats by affecting microbiota and its enzymes activity and whether changes in intestinal enzyme activity affect the health of rats. The intragastric application of laurel and myrtle EOs to rats for two weeks affects weight loss, reduces glycolytic activity, lipid parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)) and atherogenic indicators, leading to cardiovascular protection. Laurel EO can be an excellent candidate for the treatment of drug-induced obesity and related diseases, since it affects lipid metabolism in the liver and inhibits the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates into glucose in the digestive tract, leading to weight loss. In contrast, myrtle EO shows a better antioxidant capacity in most tissues, except kidneys, where it causes a pro-oxidative effect, compared to laurel EO. Myrtle EO increases the permeability and instability of the erythrocyte membrane, resulting in a loss of selectivity for the entry of toxic substances into the cell. On the other hand, myrtle EO leads to intestinal inflammation by reducing the number of probiotic bacteria and increasing .
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Laurus; Lipoproteins, LDL; Myrtus; Oils, Volatile; Rats; Weight Loss
PubMed: 35406078
DOI: 10.3390/nu14071465 -
Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian... Jun 2012In this study, the antioxidative potential of a hydroalcoholic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (NJE) rhizomes was evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including...
In this study, the antioxidative potential of a hydroalcoholic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (NJE) rhizomes was evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including antioxidant capacity by the phosphomolybdenum method, total antioxidant activity in linoleic acid emulsion systems, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, metal chelating and reducing power activity. These various antioxidant activities were compared with standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene, tocopherol, catechin, and L-ascorbic acid. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of NJE was also determined by a colorimetric method. The extract exhibited high reduction capability and powerful free radical scavenging, especially against DPPH and superoxide anions as well as a moderate effect on NO. Moreover, the peroxidation inhibiting activity of NJE was demonstrated in the linoleic acid emulsion system. The results obtained in the present study clearly established the antioxidative potency of NJE, which may account for some of the medical claims attributed to this plant.
Topics: Antioxidants; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Nardostachys; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 22682272
DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2012.03.002 -
GeroScience Apr 2024Aging is a risk factor for human health and quality of life. Screening and development of novel supplements and medications to combat aging and delay the incidence of...
Aging is a risk factor for human health and quality of life. Screening and development of novel supplements and medications to combat aging and delay the incidence of age-related diseases are of great significance. In this study, salidroside (SA), a primary natural small molecule from Rhodiola rosea, was investigated regarding its effects on life and healthspan and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of anti-aging and antioxidation. Our results showed that SA effectively prolonged lifespan and exhibited anti-aging and antioxidative properties. Computer-assisted methods, label-free interaction analysis, and in vitro assays showed that SA directly bound heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Furthermore, SA significantly inhibited the ATPase activity of HSP90, affecting the interaction between HSP90 and its interacting proteins and the expression of downstream genes to regulate lifespan and the oxidative stress response. Our findings provided new insights into the pharmacological properties of SA across multiple species and its potential as an anti-aging drug.
Topics: Humans; Longevity; Quality of Life; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Glucosides; Phenols
PubMed: 37713088
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00921-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2022Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in December of 2019.... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) is caused by different variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 pathogenesis is complex and involves a dysregulated renin angiotensin system. Severe courses of the disease are associated with a dysregulated immunological response known as cytokine storm. Many scientists have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 impacts oxidative homeostasis and stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the virus inhibits glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-a major antioxidant which induces expression of protective proteins and prevents ROS damage. Furthermore, the virus stimulates NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes which play a significant role in inducing a cytokine storm. A variety of agents with antioxidant properties have shown beneficial effects in experimental and clinical studies of COVID-19. This review aims to present mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss whether antioxidative drugs can counteract detrimental outcomes of a cytokine storm.
Topics: Antioxidants; COVID-19; Cytokine Release Syndrome; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35742820
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126377 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Apr 2022Polyphenols, members of phytochemical superfamily rich in vegetables and fruits, include flavonoids, non-flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Their biological effects... (Review)
Review
Polyphenols, members of phytochemical superfamily rich in vegetables and fruits, include flavonoids, non-flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Their biological effects includes classical antioxidation (e.g., radical-scavenging, metal chelating, NOX inhibition, attenuation on mitochondrial respiration, inhibition on xanthine oxidase, and upregulations on endogenous antioxidant enzymes), multiple regulations on cell signaling (e.g., AMPK activation, SirT1 activation, eNOS activation, FOXO activation, NFκB inactivation, PI3K/AkT inhibition, mTORC1 inhibition, PKC inhibition, MAPK inhibition, ERK inhibition, JAK/STAT inhibition, IKK/JNK inhibition, PDE inhibition, β-catenin inactivation, downregulation on TLR expression, ACE inhibition, adiponectin elevation, attenuated ET-1 production, and K+ channel activation), and many other actions (e.g., inhibition on α-glucosidase, anticoagulation, γ-secretase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, LPL upregulation, ANGPTL4 suppression, upregulation on paraoxonase 1, PAI-1 downregulation, tPA upregulation, immunoregulation, epigenetic modulation, and altered gut microbiota). Such multi- targeting and functions exhibiting antioxidative stress and antiinflammation as major pillars along with many other antagonisms could not only afford healthy polyphenols suitable supplements for promoting health, but also advance them to therapeutic applications. This review aims to translate diverse polyphenolic biochemical actions to clinical applications in fighting against non-communicable diseases such as CVD, cancer, diabetes, obesity, neurodegeneration, inflammatory diseases (e.g., IBD, IBS, NAFLD, .), AMD, allergy, and autoimmunity as well as communicable infection (e.g., bacteria, fungal, and viral).
Topics: Antioxidants; NF-kappa B; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Polyphenols; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 35468693
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2704134 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2023Cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a metabolic by-product. ROS molecules trigger oxidative stress as a feedback response that significantly initiates... (Review)
Review
Cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a metabolic by-product. ROS molecules trigger oxidative stress as a feedback response that significantly initiates biological processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, extensive research has revealed that hydrogen peroxide (HO) is an important ROS entity and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including cell differentiation, cell signalling, and apoptosis. However, excessive production of HO has been shown to disrupt biomolecules and cell organelles, leading to an inflammatory response and contributing to the development of health complications such as collagen deposition, aging, liver fibrosis, sepsis, ulcerative colitis, etc. Extracts of different plant species, phytochemicals, and Lactobacillus sp (probiotic) have been reported for their anti-oxidant potential. In this view, the researchers have gained significant interest in exploring the potential plants spp., their phytochemicals, and the potential of Lactobacillus sp. strains that exhibit anti-oxidant properties and health benefits. Thus, the current review focuses on comprehending the information related to the formation of HO the factors influencing it, and their pathophysiology imposed on human health. Moreover, this review also discussed the anti-oxidant potential and role of different extract of plants, Lactobacillus sp. and their fermented products in curbing HO‑induced oxidative stress in both in-vitro and in-vivo models via boosting the anti-oxidative activity, inhibiting of important enzyme release and downregulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspases-3, - 8, and - 9 expression. In particular, this knowledge will assist R&D sections in biopharmaceutical and food industries in developing herbal medicine and probiotics-based or derived food products that can effectively alleviate oxidative stress issues induced by HO generation.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Reactive Oxygen Species; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oxidative Stress; Apoptosis; Plants; Probiotics
PubMed: 37336149
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115022 -
F1000Research 2023Natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants have recently gained attention in therapeutics as they are considered to have lower Toxicity and higher tolerability... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants have recently gained attention in therapeutics as they are considered to have lower Toxicity and higher tolerability relative to chemically synthesized compounds. Bakuchiol from L. is one such compound; it is a type of meroterpene derived from the leaves and seeds of plants. Natural sources of bakuchiol have been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine for centuries due to its preventive benefits against tumors and inflammation. It plays a strong potential role as an antioxidant with impressive abilities to remove Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This review has focused on bakuchiol's extraction, therapeutic applications, and pharmacological benefits.
METHODS
A search strategy has been followed to retrieve the relevant newly published literature on the pharmacological benefits of bakuchiol. After an extensive study of the retrieved articles and maintaining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 110 articles were finally selected for this review.
RESULTS
Strong support of primary research on the protective effects via antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities are delineated.
CONCLUSIONS
From ancient to modern life, medicinal plants have always been drawing the attention of human beings to alleviate ailments for a healthy and balanced lifestyle. This review is a comprehensive approach to highlighting bona fide essential pharmacological benefits and mechanisms underlying their therapeutic applications.
Topics: Humans; Plant Extracts; Psoralea; Plants, Medicinal; Fabaceae; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38021404
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129072.2 -
Biochemia Medica Oct 2023One of the most important factors involved in the response to oxidative stress (OS) is the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the... (Review)
Review
One of the most important factors involved in the response to oxidative stress (OS) is the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of components such as antioxidative stress proteins and enzymes. Under normal conditions, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) keeps Nrf2 in the cytoplasm, thus preventing its translocation to the nucleus and inhibiting its role. It has been established that Nrf2 has a dual function; on the one hand, it promotes angiogenesis and cancer cell metastasis while causing resistance to drugs and chemotherapy. On the other hand, Nrf2 increases expression and proliferation of glutathione to protect cells against OS. p53 is a tumour suppressor that activates the apoptosis pathway in aging and cancer cells in addition to stimulating the glutaminolysis and antioxidant pathways. Cancer cells use the antioxidant ability of p53 against OS. Therefore, in the present study, we discussed function of Nrf2 and p53 in breast cancer (BC) cells to elucidate their role in protection or destruction of cancer cells as well as their drug resistance or antioxidant properties.
Topics: Humans; Female; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Antioxidants; Breast Neoplasms; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 37841775
DOI: 10.11613/BM.2023.030504 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS is a consequence... (Review)
Review
An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS is a consequence of normal body and organ physiology, severely impaired oxidative homeostasis results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells' function and viability. The thyroid gland is an organ that exhibits both oxidative and antioxidative processes. In terms of OxS severity, the thyroid gland's response could be physiological (i.e. hormone production and secretion) or pathological (i.e. development of diseases, such as goitre, thyroid cancer, or thyroiditis). Protective nutritional antioxidants may benefit defensive antioxidative systems in resolving pro-oxidative dominance and redox imbalance, preventing or delaying chronic thyroid diseases. This review provides information on nutritional antioxidants and their protective roles against impaired redox homeostasis in various thyroid pathologies. We also review novel findings related to the connection between the thyroid gland and gut microbiome and analyze the effects of probiotics with antioxidant properties on thyroid diseases.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Oxidative Stress; Thyroid Diseases; Oxidation-Reduction
PubMed: 36686463
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092837