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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023The white mulberry ( L.) is widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia. In this study, the bioactive compounds of ethanolic extracts of white mulberry leaves from the...
The white mulberry ( L.) is widely used as a medicinal plant in Asia. In this study, the bioactive compounds of ethanolic extracts of white mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars were evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of mulberry leaves from the Sakon Nakhon cultivar showed the highest total phenolic content of 49.68 mg GAE/g extract and antioxidant activities of 4.38 mg GAE/g extract, 4.53 mg TEAC/g extract, and 92.78 mg FeSO/g extract using 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,20-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, respectively. The resveratrol and oxyresveratrol compounds in mulberry leaves were also investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mulberry leaf extracts from the Sakon Nakhon and Buriram cultivars showed oxyresveratrol contents of 1.20 ± 0.04 mg/g extract and 0.39 ± 0.02 mg/g extract, respectively, whereas resveratrol was not detected. It was also found that the potent anti-inflammatory properties of mulberry leaf extracts and its compounds, resveratrol and oxyresveratrol, suppressed the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells by significantly reducing nitric oxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. These compounds further inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Therefore, it is established that mulberry leaf extract and its bioactive compounds contribute to its anti-inflammatory activity.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Antioxidants; Lipopolysaccharides; Thailand; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Plant Extracts; RAW 264.7 Cells; Macrophages; Resveratrol; Morus; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 37298871
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114395 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Sep 2021Noise- induced hearing loss usually refers to auditory impairment which is caused by long-term exposure to noise. The occupational noise problem is serious and urgently... (Review)
Review
Noise- induced hearing loss usually refers to auditory impairment which is caused by long-term exposure to noise. The occupational noise problem is serious and urgently needs to be addressed, along with the lack of effective treatments. Recent studies have shown that the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation is the source of the disease. To correct the redox reaction imbalance and to maintain an equilibrium of the redox reaction have always been the research focus of the prevention and treatment in noise induced hearing loss. This article reviews antioxidant therapy and prevention in noise induced hearing loss, including antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes and herbal medicine.
Topics: Antioxidants; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced; Humans; Noise, Occupational; Occupational Diseases
PubMed: 34628844
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.09.019 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2019As an irreversible and complex degenerative physiological process, the treatment for aging seems strategically necessary, and polysaccharides play important roles...
As an irreversible and complex degenerative physiological process, the treatment for aging seems strategically necessary, and polysaccharides play important roles against aging owing to their abundant bioactivities. In this paper, the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of polysaccharides (FPS) and its sulfated FPS (SFPS) on d-galactose-induced aging mice were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activities demonstrated that SFPS had strong reducing power and superior scavenging effects on 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals and the chelating activities of Fe. The in vivo animal experiments manifested that the SFPS showed superior antioxidant and protective abilities against the d-galactose-induced aging by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities, decreasing lipid peroxidation, improving the inflammatory response and ameliorating the anile condition of mice. Furthermore, the structural analysis of SFPS was investigated through FT-IR, NMR, and HPLC analysis, and the results indicated that SFPS was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide with a weight-average molecular weight of 2.81 × 10 Da. Furthermore, SFPS has also changed in characteristic functional groups and monosaccharide composition compared to FPS. These results suggested that sulfated modification could enhance the anti-oxidation, anti-aging and protective activities of polysaccharides, which may provide references for the development of functional foods and natural medicines.
Topics: Antioxidants; Flammulina; Fungal Polysaccharides; Monosaccharides; Protective Agents; Spectrum Analysis
PubMed: 31569331
DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193517 -
Journal of Diabetes Research 2017Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common and severe complication of diabetes and results in high mortality. It is therefore imperative to develop novel therapeutics for... (Review)
Review
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common and severe complication of diabetes and results in high mortality. It is therefore imperative to develop novel therapeutics for the prevention or inhibition of the progression of DCM. Oxidative stress is a key mechanism by which diabetes induces DCM. Hence, targeting of oxidative stress-related processes in DCM could be a promising therapeutic strategy. To date, a number of studies have shown beneficial effects of several natural products on the attenuation of DCM via an antioxidative mechanism of action. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of the previously reported antioxidant natural products in the inhibition of DCM progression. Clinical trials of the antioxidative natural products in the management of DCM are included. In addition, discussion and perspectives are further provided in the present review.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biological Products; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Humans; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 29181412
DOI: 10.1155/2017/2070178 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021In this study, the combination of parameters required for optimal extraction of anti-oxidative components from the Chinese lotus (CLR) and Malaysian lotus (MLR) roots...
In this study, the combination of parameters required for optimal extraction of anti-oxidative components from the Chinese lotus (CLR) and Malaysian lotus (MLR) roots were carefully investigated. Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the pH (X: 2-3), extraction time (X: 0.5-1.5 h) and solvent-to-sample ratio (X: 20-40 mL/g) to obtain a high flavonoid yield with high % DPPH free radical scavenging and Ferric-reducing power assay (FRAP). The analysis of variance clearly showed the significant contribution of quadratic model for all responses. The optimal conditions for both Chinese lotus (CLR) and Malaysian lotus (MLR) roots were obtained as: CLR: X = 2.5; X = 0.5 h; X = 40 mL/g; MLR: X = 2.4; X = 0.5 h; X = 40 mL/g. These optimum conditions gave (a) Total flavonoid content (TFC) of 0.599 mg PCE/g sample and 0.549 mg PCE/g sample, respectively; (b) % DPPH of 48.36% and 29.11%, respectively; (c) FRAP value of 2.07 mM FeSO and 1.89 mM FeSO, respectively. A close agreement between predicted and experimental values was found. The result obtained succinctly revealed that the Chinese lotus exhibited higher antioxidant and total flavonoid content when compared with the Malaysia lotus root at optimum extraction condition.
Topics: Algorithms; Antioxidants; Chemical Fractionation; Flavonoids; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Theoretical; Nelumbo; Solvents
PubMed: 33916148
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072014 -
Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Daphnetin Derivatives as Potent Antioxidant Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2018In this study, daphnetin 1 was chosen as the lead compound, and C-3 or C-4-substituted daphnetins were designed and synthesized to explore the potential relationship...
In this study, daphnetin 1 was chosen as the lead compound, and C-3 or C-4-substituted daphnetins were designed and synthesized to explore the potential relationship between the antioxidant activities and the chemical structures of daphnetin derivatives. The antioxidant activities of the generated compounds were evaluated utilizing the free radical scavenging effect on 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) cation, and the ferric reducing power assays, and were then compared with those of the standard antioxidant Trolox. The results showed that the catechol group was the key pharmacophore for the antioxidant activity of the daphnetins. The introduction of an electron-withdrawing hydrophilic group at the C-4 position of daphnetin enhanced the antioxidative capacity, but this trend was not observed for C-3 substitution. In addition, introduction of a a hydrophobic phenyl group exerted negative effects on the antioxidant activity in both the C-3 and C-4 substitutions. Among all of the derivatives tested, the most powerful antioxidant was 4-carboxymethyl daphnetin (compound ), for which the strongest antioxidant activity was observed in all of the assays. In addition, compound also displayed strong pharmaceutical properties in the form of metabolic stability. To summarize, compound holds great potential to be developed as an antioxidant agent with excellent antioxidant activity and proper pharmacokinetic behavior.
Topics: Antioxidants; Chromans; Umbelliferones
PubMed: 30262732
DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102476 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using aqueous medical plant extracts as reducing and capping agents show multiple applicability for bacterial problems. The...
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using aqueous medical plant extracts as reducing and capping agents show multiple applicability for bacterial problems. The aim of this study was to expand the boundaries on AgNPs using a novel, low-toxicity, and cost-effective alternative and green approach to the biosynthesis of metallic NPs using and aqueous extracts. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The effectiveness of biosynthesized AgNPs in quenching free radicals and inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms was supported by in vitro antioxidant activity assay methods and using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test, respectively. The elucidated antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of medical plant extracts were compared with data from the engineered biosynthetic AgNPs. The antimicrobial effect of engineered AgNPs against selected test cultures was found to be substantially stronger than for plant extracts used for their synthesis. The analysis of AgNPs by TEM revealed the presence of spherical-shaped nano-objects. The size distribution of AgNPs was found to be plant-type-dependent. The smaller AgNPs were obtained with extract (with a size range of 16.8 ± 5.8 nm compared to 35.7 ± 4.8 nm from AgNPs). The AgNPs' presumably inherited biological functions of and medical plants can provide a platform to combat pathogenic bacteria in the era of multi-drug resistance.
Topics: Antioxidants; Silver; Hyssopus Plant; Calendula; Metal Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Extracts; Bacteria
PubMed: 36431804
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227700 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022Polydatin, one of the natural active small molecules, was commonly applied in protecting and treating liver disorders in preclinical studies. Oxidative stress plays... (Review)
Review
Polydatin, one of the natural active small molecules, was commonly applied in protecting and treating liver disorders in preclinical studies. Oxidative stress plays vital roles in liver injury caused by various factors, such as alcohol, viral infections, dietary components, drugs, and other chemical reagents. It is reported that oxidative stress might be one of the main reasons in the progressive development of alcohol liver diseases (ALDs), nonalcoholic liver diseases (NAFLDs), liver injury, fibrosis, hepatic failure (HF), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this paper, we comprehensively summarized the pharmacological effects and potential molecular mechanisms of polydatin for protecting and treating liver disorders via regulation of oxidative stress. According to the previous studies, polydatin is a versatile natural compound and exerts significantly protective and curative effects on oxidative stress-associated liver diseases via various molecular mechanisms, including amelioration of liver function and insulin resistance, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, lipid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as well as increase of antioxidant enzymes (such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)). In addition, polydatin acts as a free radical scavenger against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by its phenolic and ethylenic bond structure. However, further clinical investigations are still needed to explore the comprehensive molecular mechanisms and confirm the clinical treatment effect of polydatin in liver diseases related to regulation of oxidative stress.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Glucosides; Humans; Liver; Oxidative Stress; Stilbenes
PubMed: 35186191
DOI: 10.1155/2022/9218738 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2020Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects up to 20% of the population of the world. Treatment of peptic ulcer remains challenging due... (Review)
Review
Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects up to 20% of the population of the world. Treatment of peptic ulcer remains challenging due to the limited effectiveness and severe side effects of the currently available drugs. Hence, natural compounds, owing to their medicinal, ecological, and other safe properties, are becoming popular potential candidates in preventing and treating peptic ulcers. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in plants, exhibit gastroprotective effects against peptic ulcer both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarized the anti-ulcer functions and mechanisms, and also the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety, of flavonoid monomers in the gastrointestinal tract. Flavonoids exerted cytoprotective and rehabilitative effects by not only strengthening defense factors, such as mucus and prostaglandins, but also protecting against potentially harmful factors via their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Although controlled clinical studies are limited at present, flavonoids have shown a promising preventable and therapeutic potential in peptic ulcers.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Flavonoids; Humans; Peptic Ulcer
PubMed: 33050668
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204626 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aug 2022Aging is a progressive, unalterable physiological degradation process of living organisms, which leads to deterioration of biological function and eventually to... (Review)
Review
Aging is a progressive, unalterable physiological degradation process of living organisms, which leads to deterioration of biological function and eventually to senescence. The most prevalent factor responsible for aging is the accumulation of damages resulting from oxidative stress and dysbiosis. D-galactose-induced aging has become a hot topic, and extensive research is being conducted in this area. Published literature has reported that the continuous administration of D-galactose leads to the deterioration of motor and cognitive skills, resembling symptoms of aging. Hence, this procedure is employed as a model for accelerated aging. This review aims to emphasize the effect of D-galactose on various bodily organs and underline the role of the Lactobacillus sp. in the aging process, along with its anti-oxidative potential. A critical consideration to the literature describing animal models that have used the Lactobacillus sp. in amending D-galactose-induced aging is also given. KEY POINTS: • D-Galactose induces the aging process via decreasing the respiratory chain enzyme activity as well as ATP synthesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased ROS production. • D-Galactose induced aging primarily affects the brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and skin. • The anti-oxidative potential of Lactobacillus sp. in improving D-galactose-induced aging in animal models via direct feeding and feeding of Lactobacillus-fermented food.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Antioxidants; Galactose; Lactobacillus; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 35781838
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12041-7