-
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives Aug 2023This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multiple or single-dosage intravenous ibuprofen (IVIB) in managing postoperative pain and fever in adults who are... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multiple or single-dosage intravenous ibuprofen (IVIB) in managing postoperative pain and fever in adults who are unable to take oral medications. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IVIB with placebo or other analgesic and antipyretic medications for postoperative pain and fever management. Data were collected from 8 main databases from the inception to June 2022. Risk of bias assessment was performed, and the GRADE methodology was used to assess the certainty of pooled evidence. Primary outcomes included visual analogue scale (VAS) scores within 24 h postoperative and reduction of temperature. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the mean difference (MD) or risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs. As a result, a total of twenty-three RCTs with 3716 participants were included. For postoperative pain, with moderate-to-low certainty evidence, IVIB was associated with lower postoperative VAS scores than placebo, with MD ranging from -3.53 (95% CI, -4.32 to -2.75) at 0 min to -0.96 (95% CI, -1.35 to -0.57) at 24 h. Compared with intravenous acetaminophen, IVIB demonstrated lower VAS scores (MD, -1.54 at 0 min; -0.36 at 24 h). For fever, IVIB showed satisfactory antipyretic efficiency in a short period of time, but no difference was observed between IVIB and intravenous acetaminophen. IVIB was well-tolerated for both pain and fever management. In conclusion, moderate-to-low certainty evidence supports the use of IVIB for adults with postoperative pain and fever who are unable to take oral medications.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Ibuprofen; Acetaminophen; Antipyretics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Fever; Pain, Postoperative
PubMed: 37530511
DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1123 -
Military Medical Research Feb 2020In 2014, an outbreak of adenoviral pneumonia occurred in the Korean military training center. However, there are limited data on the characteristics of the fever and its...
BACKGROUND
In 2014, an outbreak of adenoviral pneumonia occurred in the Korean military training center. However, there are limited data on the characteristics of the fever and its response to antipyretic therapy in immunocompetent adults with adenovirus-positive community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
METHODS
The medical records of the patients who were admitted to the Armed Forces Chuncheon Hospital for the treatment of CAP between January 2014 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups, namely, the adenovirus-positive (Adv) group, the adenovirus-negative (Non-Adv) group and the unknown pathogen group, according to the results of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and sputum culture used to measure adenovirus and other bacteria or viruses in respiratory specimens. We evaluated and compared the demographics, clinicolaboratory findings and radiological findings upon admission between the two groups.
RESULTS
Out of the 251 military personnel with CAP during the study periods, 67 were classified into the Adv group, while 134 were classified into the Non-Adv group and 50 were classified into the unknown pathogen group. The patients in the Adv group had a longer duration of fever after admission (3.2 ± 1.6 vs. 1.9 ± 1.2 vs. 2.2 ± 1.5 days, P = 0.018) and symptom onset (5.8 ± 2.2 vs. 3.9 ± 2.5 vs. 3.7 ± 2.0 days, P = 0.006) than patients in the Non-Adv and unknown pathogen groups, respectively. The patients in the Adv group had a higher mean temperature at admission (37.8 ± 0.3 vs. 37.3 ± 0.3 vs. 37.3 ± 0.3, P = 0.005), and more patients were observed over 40 and 39 to 40(14.9% vs. 2.2% vs. 4.0%, 35.8% vs. 3.7% vs. 6.0%, P < 0.001) than those in the Non-Adv and unknown pathogen groups, respectively. The Adv group more commonly had no response or exhibited adverse events after antipyretic treatment compared to the Non-Adv group (17.9% vs. 1.5%, 35.0% vs. 4.3%, P < 0.001, P = 0.05, respectively). In addition, the time from admission to overall clinical stabilization was significantly longer in the patients in the Adv group than in those in the Non-Adv group (4.3 ± 2.8 vs. 2.9 ± 1.8 days, P = 0.034, respectively). Furthermore, no significant difference in the length of hospital stay was observed between the two groups, and no patient died in either group.
CONCLUSION
In this study, Adv-positive CAP in immunocompetent military personnel patients had distinct fever characteristics and responses to antipyretic treatment.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adult; Antipyretics; Community-Acquired Infections; Female; Fever; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Military Personnel; Pneumonia; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Statistics, Nonparametric
PubMed: 32079545
DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00235-x -
Biological Research Oct 2014The study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro thrombolytic activity, and in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potentials of different hydrocarbon...
In vivo analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory potential in Swiss albino mice and in vitro thrombolytic activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Litsea glutinosa leaves.
BACKGROUND
The study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro thrombolytic activity, and in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potentials of different hydrocarbon soluble extracts of Litsea glutinosa leaves for the first time widely used in the folkloric treatments in Bangladesh. This work aimed to create new insights on the fundamental mechanisms of the plant extracts involved in these activities.
RESULTS
In thrombolytic activity assay, a significant clot disruption was observed at dose of 1 mg/mL for each of the extracts (volume 100 μL) when compared to the standard drug streptokinase. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and crude methanolic extracts showed 32.23 ± 0.26, 37.67 ± 1.31, 43.13 ± 0.85, and 46.78 ± 0.9% clot lysis, respectively, whereas the positive control streptokinase showed 93.35 ± 0.35% disruption at the dose of 30,000 I.U. In hot plate method, the highest pain inhibitory activity was found at a dose of 500 mg/kg of crude extract (15.54 ± 0.37 sec) which differed significantly (P <0.01 and P <0.001) with that of the standard drug ketorolac (16.38 ± 0.27 sec). In acetic acid induced writhing test, the crude methanolic extract showed significant (P <0.01 and P <0.001) analgesic potential at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (45.98 and 56.32% inhibition, respectively), where ketorolac showed 64.36% inhibition. In anti-inflammatory activity test, the crude methanolic extract showed significant (P <0.001) potential at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (1.51 ± 0.04 and 1.47 ± 0.03 mm paw edema, respectively), where ketorolac showed 1.64 ± 0.05 mm edema after 3 h of carrageenan injection. In antipyretic activity assay, the crude extract showed notable reduction in body temperature (32.78 ± 0.46°C) at dose of 500 mg/kg-body weight, when the standard (at dose 150 mg/kg-body weight) exerted 33.32 ± 0.67°C temperature after 3 h of administration.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results yield that the crude hydroalcoholic extract has better effects than the other in all trials. In the context, it can be said that the leaves of L. glutinosa possess remarkable pharmacological effects, and justify its traditional use as analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic agent.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antipyretics; Edema; Female; Fibrinolysis; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Litsea; Male; Medicine, Traditional; Methanol; Mice; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 25418600
DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-56 -
Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2022The objective of this study was to answer several questions related to the assessment and treatment of fever, as well as other controversies that exist during its... (Review)
Review
The objective of this study was to answer several questions related to the assessment and treatment of fever, as well as other controversies that exist during its management in pediatric patients. First, an advisory board with medical experts was conducted to discuss the clinical journey of these patients, considering the main challenges and possible solutions. After this discussion, a non-systematic literature review was performed, between November 2019 and January 2020, to collect the most relevant evidence available in the scientific databases MEDLINE, Lilacs, and SciELO. A narrative review was carried out based on scientific evidence and on extensive experience of experts in clinical practice. The experts developed a set of recommendations and clarifications about the assessment of the severity of fever in pediatrics, the need for treatment and the choice of the most appropriate antipyretic. The most common controversies in the management of fever in pediatric patients were also addressed, such as alternating antipyretics, persistent fever, and dose equivalence. In primary management of pediatric patients, fever should be seen as a relevant symptom that requires treatment with antipyretics in potentially more complex or severe cases, when it causes discomfort to children or is associated with infectious diseases.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Antipyretics; Brazil; Child; Fever; Humans; Ibuprofen
PubMed: 35946741
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2022RW6045 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Feb 2022Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler (Cyperaceae), popularly known as "capim-estrela", is a native species widely distributed in Brazil. The whole plant has been used...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckeler (Cyperaceae), popularly known as "capim-estrela", is a native species widely distributed in Brazil. The whole plant has been used in local traditional medicine in the form of teas or syrups to treat inflammation, flu, nasal congestion, fever, swelling, and venereal disease. This is the first study to investigate the pharmacological properties of this species.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The present study aimed to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antinociceptive potential of the lyophilized hydroalcoholic extract of R. nervosa in heterogenic Swiss mice. In addition to pharmacological studies, the total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extract were determined.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated through carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis models. For the antinociceptive assay, the number of acetic acid-induced writhing responses in the animals was counted. Antipyretic activity was tested by yeast-induced pyrexia in mice and evaluated for 4 h. Nitric oxide (NO) concentration and leukocyte migration in the peritoneal fluid were quantified. The acute toxicity of the extract was also calculated. Quantitative analyses of total phenols and flavonoids in the extract were performed by spectrophotometric methods.
RESULTS
In short, the lyophilized hydroalcoholic extract of R. nervosa showed low acute toxicity in the preclinical tests (LD = 3807 mg/kg). A significant anti-inflammatory effect was observed, with an average reduction of carrageenan-induced paw edema of 96.37%. Comparatively, indomethacin inhibited the development of the carrageenin paw edema by 97.52%. In the peritonitis test, a significant reduction in NO levels was recorded. A reduction in the number of white cells, notably monocytes, was also observed, confirming the anti-inflammatory effect. Writhing was reduced by 86.53%, which indicates antinociceptive activity. As for antipyretic activity, no positive effects of the extract were observed. The lyophilized hydroalcoholic extract of R. nervosa presented a high content of phenolic compounds (322.47 μg GAE/mg) and total flavonoids (440.50 μg QE/mg).
CONCLUSION
The lyophilized hydroalcoholic extract of R. nervosa showed significant in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity in mice. These preliminary findings support the indication of the use of this species in folk medicine in Brazil for the treatment of inflammation.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antipyretics; Carrageenan; Cyperaceae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edema; Female; Male; Mice; Peritonitis; Phytotherapy; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 34763042
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114811 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Aug 2023Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) cause damage of pulmonary function and physical therapy assisting medical treatment is needed.
BACKGROUNDS
Refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) cause damage of pulmonary function and physical therapy assisting medical treatment is needed.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of interesting respiratory rehabilitation training on pulmonary function in children with RMPP.
METHODS
A total of 76 children with diagnoses of RMPP in our hospital from January 2020 to February 2021 were enrolled in this prospective study. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the control group and the study group, with 38 cases in each group. The control group were given conventional treatment, and the study group received interesting respiratory rehabilitation training in the basis of conventional treatment. The antipyretic time, disappearance time of pulmonary shadow and cough, length of hospital stay, pulmonary function (first second of expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC) at 1 day before and after intervention, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, PedsQL 4.0 scale) were observed in the two groups.
RESULTS
The antipyretic time, disappearance time of pulmonary shadow and cough, length of hospital stay in the study group were shorter than those in the control group (P < 0.05). One day before intervention, there was no significant difference in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α between the two groups (P > 0.05). One day after intervention, FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the study group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and the levels of IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α in the study group were lower than those in the control group with significant difference (P < 0.05). One day before intervention, there were no significant differences in physiological function, emotional function, social function, and school function between the two groups (P > 0.05). After intervention, physiological function, emotional function, social function, and school function of the study group were better than those of the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The interesting respiratory rehabilitation training can effectively improve the pulmonary function of children with RMPP, with strong flexibility, which is worthy of clinical application.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Cough; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Antipyretics; Interleukin-6; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; C-Reactive Protein
PubMed: 37641025
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08513-4 -
BioMed Research International 2022is a widely distributed mangrove plant having much therapeutic importance in traditional medicine. This plant is reported for possessing numerous compounds that are...
is a widely distributed mangrove plant having much therapeutic importance in traditional medicine. This plant is reported for possessing numerous compounds that are already used for many therapeutic purposes. After finding the presence of antioxidant components in the qualitative antioxidative assay, we went to conduct quantitative tests where the total contents of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins were estimated as 122 mg GAE/gm, 613 mg QE/gm, and 30 mg GAE/gm, respectively. In DPPH free radical, HO, and superoxide radical scavenging assay, the SC values were found to be 87, 66, and 192 g/ml, respectively. In FeCl reducing power assay, the RC of SC extract and ascorbic acid were 80 and 28 g/ml, respectively. This extract revealed a significant peripheral analgesic effect in the acetic acid-induced writhing model in mice by reducing the writhing impulse by about 21% and 39% at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses, respectively, and a central analgesic effect in the tail immersion method by elongating the time up to about 22% and 37% at the same doses. In the anti-inflammatory test in mice, this extract reduced the paw edema size over the observed period in a dose-dependent manner. It also showed a significant reduction in the elevated rectal temperature of mice in the observing period in Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia model. analysis revealed better binding characteristics of ellagic acid and luteolin among other compounds with various receptors that might be responsible for antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. From our observation, we suppose that SC fruits might be a potential source of drug leads for various inflammatory disorders.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Antipyretics; Bangladesh; Fever; Fruit; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lythraceae; Mice; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 36060147
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1405821 -
Pharmaceutical Biology Jan 2011Nauclea latifolia Smith (Rubiaceae) is a small tree found in tropical areas in Africa. It is used in traditional medicine to treat malaria, epilepsy, anxiety, pain,...
CONTEXT
Nauclea latifolia Smith (Rubiaceae) is a small tree found in tropical areas in Africa. It is used in traditional medicine to treat malaria, epilepsy, anxiety, pain, fever, etc.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Nauclea latifolia roots decoction on the peripheral and central nervous systems and its possible mechanisms of action.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The analgesic investigation was carried out against acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced pain, hot-plate and tail immersion tests. The antipyretic activity was studied in Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in mice. Rota-rod test and bicuculline-induced hyperactivity were used for the assessment of locomotor activity.
RESULTS
Nauclea latifolia induced hypothermia and had antipyretic effects in mice. The plant decoction produced significant antinociceptive activity in all analgesia animal models used. The antinociceptive effect exhibited by the decoction in the formalin test was reversed by the systemic administration of naloxone, N(ω)-L-nitro-arginine methyl ester or glibenclamide. In contrast, theophylline did not reverse this effect. Nauclea latifolia (antinociceptive doses) did not exhibit a significant effect on motor coordination of the mice in Rota-rod performance. Nauclea latifolia protected mice against bicuculline-induced behavioral excitation.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Overall, these results demonstrate that the central and peripheral effects of Nauclea latifolia root decoction might partially or wholly be due to the stimulation of peripheric opioid receptors through the action of the nitric oxide/cyclic monophosphate guanosin/triphosphate adenosine (NO/cGMP/ATP)-sensitive- K(+) channel pathway and/or facilitation of the GABAergic transmission.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Antipyretics; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fever; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Mice; Motor Activity; Pain; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Receptors, Opioid; Rubiaceae
PubMed: 20822326
DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.492479 -
African Journal of Traditional,... 2012Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae) is an herbaceous plant widely used in traditional African medicine (TAM) for the treatment of diverse ailments including...
Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae) is an herbaceous plant widely used in traditional African medicine (TAM) for the treatment of diverse ailments including painful and febrile conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the analgesic and antipyretic properties of the whole plant extract of D. cordata. The acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, and tail clip tests were used to evaluate analgesic activity while the 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)-, d-amphetamine-, and yeast-induced hyperthermia tests were used to investigate antipyretic activity in rodents. D. cordata (100, 200, and 400 mg kg(-1), p.o) produced significant (p<0.05) analgesic activity in the mouse writhing, formalin (second phase), and tail clip tests. The effects of D. cordata were generally comparable to those of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 mg kg(-1), p.o) and morphine (2 mg kg(-1), s.c). Also, D. cordata produced significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of temperature elevation in the 2,4-DNP and yeast-induced hyperthermia models with peak effects produced at the dose of 400 mg kg(-1). The effect at this dose was comparable to that of ASA in the two models. In the d-amphetamine method, D. cordata produced significant (p<0.05) dose- and time-dependent reduction of temperature elevation with peak effect produced at the dose of 200 mg kg(-1). The effect of the extract at this dose was greater than that of ASA. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the aqueous whole plant extract of Drymaria cordata possesses analgesic and antipyretic properties mediated through peripheral and central mechanisms.
Topics: 2,4-Dinitrophenol; Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Antipyretics; Body Temperature; Caryophyllaceae; Dextroamphetamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fever; Formaldehyde; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Pain; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Tail; Yeasts
PubMed: 23983316
DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v9i1.4 -
Methods and Findings in Experimental... Dec 2009The antipyretic and antinociceptive properties of Mentha longifolia Huds. (Lamiaceae) leaf aqueous extract were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The antipyretic and antinociceptive properties of Mentha longifolia Huds. (Lamiaceae) leaf aqueous extract were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyrexia in rats, and acetic acid and hot plate analgesia tests in mice. Pentoxifylline, paracetamol and morphine were used as standard drugs for comparison. M. longifolia leaf aqueous extract and pentoxifylline (37.5-150 mg/kg i.p.) significantly (P < 0.05-0.02) reduced the LPS (50 g/kg i.m.)-elicited pyrexia. Pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg i.p.) also significantly (P < 0.01) reduced LPS (50 g/kg i.m.)-induced pyrexia. M. longifolia leaf aqueous extract (6.25-100 mg/kg i.p.) and paracetamol (500 mg/kg i.p.) profoundly inhibited the writhes produced by 3% acetic acid. Furthermore, the plant extract (25-400 mg/kg i.p.) and morphine (10 mg/kg i.p.) significantly (P < 0.001) delayed the hot plate reaction time in mice. The LD(50) values for oral and intraperitoneal administration of the plant extract were > 3200 mg/kg and 1730 mg/kg, respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides and triterpene steroids in the leaves of M. longifolia. These data indicate that M. longifolia leaf aqueous extract has antipyretic and antinociceptive properties. Furthermore, the relatively high LD(50) values obtained for oral and intraperitoneal administration of the plant extract demonstrate that the plant extract is non-toxic to mice.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fever; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mentha; Mice; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pentoxifylline; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Toxicity Tests, Acute
PubMed: 20140273
DOI: 10.1358/mf.2009.31.10.1441861