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Sao Paulo Medical Journal = Revista... May 2006Dipyrone is a widely used over-the-counter antipyretic in Latin America, and elsewhere among Latin immigrants. Despite limited evidence, physicians often prescribe oral... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE
Dipyrone is a widely used over-the-counter antipyretic in Latin America, and elsewhere among Latin immigrants. Despite limited evidence, physicians often prescribe oral ibuprofen or intramuscular dipyrone as the most effective antipyretics. Our aim was to compare the antipyretic efficacy and tolerability of a single dose of oral ibuprofen, oral dipyrone or intramuscular dipyrone in febrile children.
DESIGN AND SETTING
Randomized, single-blind clinical trial, at San Bartolomé Mother-Child National Teaching Hospital, Lima, Peru.
METHODS
Children from six months to six years old with fever (rectal temperature: 38.3 to 39.8 degrees C) in the emergency ward between February and June 2003 were eligible. Seventy-five children were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of oral ibuprofen (10 mg/kg), oral dipyrone (15 mg/kg) or intramuscular dipyrone (15 mg/kg). The primary outcome was mean temperature reduction after 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Secondary outcomes were fever-associated symptoms and clinical adverse events.
RESULTS
Fever decreased by about 0.5 degrees C after 45 minutes and by about 1.0 degrees C after 120 minutes in all three groups. Mean temperatures were similar for the three groups at all times. There was a significant decrease in fever-associated symptoms for all groups. Six patients (four receiving oral dipyrone and two receiving ibuprofen) were withdrawn because of vomiting within 20 minutes after first dose of study medication. One patient assigned to oral ibuprofen presented transient urticaria.
CONCLUSIONS
Antipyretic efficacy and tolerability were similar for oral ibuprofen, oral dipyrone and intramuscular dipyrone. Oral antipyretics seem more appropriate for feverish children.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Child; Child, Preschool; Dipyrone; Female; Fever; Humans; Ibuprofen; Infant; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Time Factors
PubMed: 17119689
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-31802006000300005 -
Chest Jul 2020
Topics: Acetaminophen; Antipyretics; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Ibuprofen; Pandemics; Patient Care Management; Patient Selection; Pneumonia, Viral; Risk Assessment; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 32243944
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.040 -
American Family Physician May 2018
Topics: Acetaminophen; Antipyretics; Croup; Hand Hygiene; Humans; Ibuprofen; Severity of Illness Index; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 29763268
DOI: No ID Found -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2016Meningococcal disease remains a feared and devastating cause of sepsis and meningitis. Disease incidence is highest among infants and children although a significant... (Review)
Review
Meningococcal disease remains a feared and devastating cause of sepsis and meningitis. Disease incidence is highest among infants and children although a significant burden of disease is experienced by adolescents, young adults and those with specific risk-factors. Prevention of disease against capsular groups A, C, W and Y; 4 of the 5 most pathogenic groups is achievable using capsular polysaccharide vaccines. It has only recently been possible to provide protection against capsular group B (MenB) strains following the licensure of a 4 component group B vaccine (4CMenB) in Europe in 2013. Following licensure, 4CMenB has been used in specific at-risk groups and in response to outbreaks of MenB disease. The largest outbreak interventions have been in students at 2 universities in the United States and for all individuals aged 2 months to 20 years of age in Quebec, Canada. The vaccine was recommended in February 2014 for implementation into the UK infant schedule at 2, 4 and 12 months of age, although it has taken over 12 months to resolve procurement discussions to enable implementation. The UK recommendation incorporates prophylactic paracetamol with infant doses when 4CMenB is administered concomitantly with routine vaccines. This is based on recent data demonstrating the ability of paracetamol to reduce fever rates to background levels without impacting immunogenicity. Post-implementation surveillance will be important to provide vaccine efficacy data as this was not possible to determine in pre-licensure studies due to the relative infrequency of MenB cases.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adolescent; Antipyretics; Chemoprevention; Child; Child, Preschool; Fever; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Infant; Meningococcal Infections; Meningococcal Vaccines; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B; Quebec; United Kingdom; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 26619037
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1091131 -
Infectious Disease Clinics of North... Mar 1996Fever is an important indicator of disease and should not be routinely suppressed by antipyretics. There is considerable evidence that fever may actually benefit the... (Review)
Review
Fever is an important indicator of disease and should not be routinely suppressed by antipyretics. There is considerable evidence that fever may actually benefit the host defense mechanism. In most patients, fever is short-lived and causes only minor discomfort. Antipyretic agents are effective in lowering temperature, but have significant side effects. Routine antipyretic therapy should be avoided but may be necessary in individual patients with underlying cardiovascular or neurologic disorders.
Topics: Fever; Humans
PubMed: 8698992
DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70295-6 -
African Journal of Traditional,... 2014Ruta graveolens has been used to treat toothache, earache, rheumatism and fever with little scientific evidence corroborating these uses.
BACKGROUND
Ruta graveolens has been used to treat toothache, earache, rheumatism and fever with little scientific evidence corroborating these uses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The leaf methanol extract of Ruta graveolens was evaluated for antinociceptive activity using the acetic acid writhing and hot-plate tests in mice, also anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities using the carrageenan-induced oedema and E. coli-induced pyrexia tests in rats, respectively.
RESULTS
R. graveolens (100 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhes by 54 %. R. graveolens (400 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly delayed the reaction time in mice to thermal stimulation 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after treatment. Combined treatment of the lowest and sub-effective doses of the leaf methanol extract (25 mg/kg, i.p.), and indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhes in mice. The leaf methanol extract of R. graveolens (50 - 400 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly reduced carrageenan-induced oedema over the 4 h period of testing. Combined treatment of the lowest doses of R. graveolens (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and indomethacin (2 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced oedema over the 4 h period of testing. R. graveolens (100 -400 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced E. coli-induced pyrexia over the 5 h period of testing. Given together, the lowest dose of R. graveolens (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and pentoxifylline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant reduction in pyrexia induced by E. coli (50 µg/kg, i.m.) over the 5 h period of measurement. The LD50 value obtained for R. graveolens was greater than 4000mg/kg (p.o), suggesting that the plant species may be safe in or nontoxic to mice.
CONCLUSION
The data obtained indicate that R. graveolens has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, justifying the use of the plant species by traditional medicine practitioners in the management and treatment of pain, inflammation and fever.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antipyretics; Disease Models, Animal; Edema; Female; Fever; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Ruta
PubMed: 25371580
DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.25 -
Recent Advances in Anti-infective Drug... 2024Hyperpyrexia, algesia and inflammation are pathological disorders which are treated with synthetic as well as herbal medications.
INTRODUCTION
Hyperpyrexia, algesia and inflammation are pathological disorders which are treated with synthetic as well as herbal medications.
AIMS
The basic aim of the present study is to evaluate the ethnopharmacological activities of phytoconstituents that are present in (fruit extract) by using and in silico studies.
METHODS
Thirty-six albino rats were used in our studies with an average weight between 150-170 g. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan (an extract from a red seaweed) that induced edema in albino rat paws. However, in antipyretic and analgesic activity studies, yeast and acetic acid were used to cause pyrexia or algesia, respectively. Different doses of acetone fruit extract were used to treat inflammation, pyrexia and algesia.
RESULTS
Our results showed that the maximum percentage inhibition of acetonic fruit extract in anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities was observed at 70% and 100%, respectively, with 400 mg/kg doses, and in pyretic activity the maximum inhibitory percentage was 86% with a 100 mg/kg dose. In analysis, we have shown that bioactive compounds (α-spinasterol, ascorbic acid and chlorogenic acid) found in fruit extract have outstanding inhibition properties that involves proteins PTGS2, TLR2 and TRPV4. fruit extract shows results that are statistically significant (p < 0.005) and comparable to a reference drug. Acetonic fruit extract of can be used as a natural and safe remedy with no side effects.
CONCLUSION
Both and studies on chlorogenic acid, ascorbic acid and α-spinasterol have shown that these are inhibitory compounds that can be used for boosting the immune response.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Antipyretics; Citrullus colocynthis; Chlorogenic Acid; Plant Extracts; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Analgesics; Fever; Inflammation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Ascorbic Acid
PubMed: 37046199
DOI: 10.2174/2772434418666230412105317 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Jan 2019As an analgesic and antipyretic drug, acetaminophen (APAP) is commonly used and known to be safe at therapeutic doses. In many countries, the overuse of APAP provokes...
As an analgesic and antipyretic drug, acetaminophen (APAP) is commonly used and known to be safe at therapeutic doses. In many countries, the overuse of APAP provokes acute liver injury and even liver failure. APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) is the most used experimental model of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Here, we have demonstrated elevated levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45α (GADD45α) in the livers of patients with DILI/AILI, in APAP-injured mouse livers and in APAP-treated hepatocytes. GADD45α exhibited a protective effect against APAP-induced liver injury and alleviated the accumulation of small lipid droplets in vitro and in vivo. We found that GADD45α promoted the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α and induced fatty acid beta-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and glycogenolysis-related gene expression after APAP exposure. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis showed that GADD45α increased the levels of TCA cycle metabolites. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Ppp2cb, a catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, could interact directly with GADD45α. Our results indicate that hepatocyte GADD45α might represent a therapeutic target to prevent and rescue liver injury caused by APAP.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Acetaminophen; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Antipyretics; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Citric Acid Cycle; Enzyme Activation; Fatty Acids; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nuclear Proteins; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30151693
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2912-y -
Vaccine Mar 2022The reactogenicity of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine has been commonly reported and antipyretic medications are often used for mitigating adverse reactions. Possible...
BACKGROUND
The reactogenicity of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine has been commonly reported and antipyretic medications are often used for mitigating adverse reactions. Possible associations between the reactogenicity events and specific antibody responses have not been fully investigated, nor has the influence of using antipyretics.
METHODS
Serum samples were collected from hospital healthcare workers with no COVID-19 history and the SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG titer after two doses was measured. Degree of solicited adverse reactions in a day, including the highest body temperature, were reported using a self-reporting diary for five days after each dose. The highest body temperature during the five days was divided into three grades (<37.0 °C, 37.0-37.9 °C, or ≥ 38.0 °C). Self-medicated antipyretics were reported using a questionnaire.
RESULTS
The data of 335 participants were available for analysis. Multivariate analysis extracted the fever grade after the second dose (standardized coefficient beta = 0.301, p < 0.0001), female sex (beta = 0.196, p = 0.0014), and age (beta = -0.119, p = 0.0495) as being significantly correlated with the IgG titers. The positive correlation of the fever grade after the second dose with the IgG titers was also observed when analyzed by sex and age. The use of antipyretics did not interfere with the IgG titers irrespective of the fever grade.
CONCLUSIONS
The fever intensity after the second dose was associated with the IgG titer and antipyretic medications may be beneficial to mitigate the suffering from adverse reactions, without interfering with the acquisition of sufficient antibody responses.
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; Antibody Formation; Antipyretics; BNT162 Vaccine; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Female; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines, Synthetic; mRNA Vaccines
PubMed: 35177298
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.025 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2020In this study, the aerial parts of were evaluated for their in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. The analgesic activities were examined...
In this study, the aerial parts of were evaluated for their in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. The analgesic activities were examined using acetic acid-induced writhing, the hot plate test and the tail flick method. The anti-inflammatory and the antipyretic activities were evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in mice, respectively. The aqueous fraction of the methanol extract (MS-3) showed to be the most bioactive among the other investigated fractions. At the dose of 500 mg/kg, the fraction (MS-3) showed a significant percentage inhibition of the carrageenan-induced edema by 52.4% ( < 0.05). In addition, MS-3 exhibited a significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhes by 44.4% and 61.5% ( < 0.001) at 250-mg/kg and 500-mg/kg doses, respectively. At 120 min post-treatment, the rat groups treated with MS-3 displayed statistically significant reduction in rectal temperature ( < 0.001) by 1.7 °C and 2.2 °C at 250- and 500-mg/kg doses, respectively. The phytochemical composition of the fraction (MS-3) was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS/MS). Molecular docking studies demonstrated that the polyphenols identified in MS-3 revealed good binding energy upon docking to some target proteins involved in pain response and inflammation, such as the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and the cyclooxygenase COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Based on the findings from the present work, it could be concluded that the aerial parts extract of exerts potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects in rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antipyretics; Brassicaceae; Molecular Docking Simulation; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 33143247
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215049