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Texas Medical Journal (Austin, Tex.) Jan 1915
PubMed: 36957284
DOI: No ID Found -
European Review For Medical and... Apr 2015Chlorhexidine (CHX) is one of the most widely used antiseptic, especially in dentistry. At low concentrations CHX is bacteriostatic and at high concentrations acts... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Chlorhexidine (CHX) is one of the most widely used antiseptic, especially in dentistry. At low concentrations CHX is bacteriostatic and at high concentrations acts bactericidal causing cell death by cytolysis. In this study, we performed a systematic review of pharmaco-biological activity and application of CHX.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Articles for inclusion in this review were retrieved from online databases PubMed/Medline. The selected papers were included in the present manuscript according to their relevance for the topic.
RESULTS
Totally 75 papers were enrolled in this research. CHX has strong biocidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria and weaker activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is also active against yeasts, some dermatophytes and some lipophilic viruses. The most widely application CHX has found in dentistry and antisepsis. Numerous studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of CHX in reducing of plaque accumulation, in tooth caries, gingivitis, periodontitis and in alveolar osteitis. Unfortunately, CHX exhibits cytotoxic activity on human cells, can cause colorization of teeth and fillings, and its activity depends on the pH of the environment and the presence of organic substances.
CONCLUSIONS
CHX play a valuable role in the dentistry and antisepsis. However, it can also cause side effects, limiting its application time.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antisepsis; Biological Availability; Chlorhexidine; Dental Plaque; Humans
PubMed: 25912596
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal... Mar 2018
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antisepsis; Catheter-Related Infections; Central Venous Catheters; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infection Control; Sepsis
PubMed: 29371239
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313150 -
International Journal of Retina and... 2015Endophthalmitis is an uncommon but often visually devastating complication of intravitreal injections. This commentary reviews the key aspects and technical components...
Endophthalmitis is an uncommon but often visually devastating complication of intravitreal injections. This commentary reviews the key aspects and technical components of intravitreal injections and how they may relate to the development of endophthalmitis. Because endophthalmitis is a rare event, data are often lacking on specific aspects of injection technique that may or may not be helpful in preventing infection. What is not in doubt, however, is the utmost importance of using povidone-iodine antisepsis to the ocular surface prior to injection, and maintaining a lash and lid margin-free injection site.
PubMed: 27847605
DOI: 10.1186/s40942-015-0012-9 -
The American Journal of Medicine Mar 2021
Topics: Antisepsis; Asymptomatic Infections; COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Humans; Mouthwashes; Nasopharynx; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33338507
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.12.001 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology... 2018Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics has recently become an important medical challenge. In ophthalmology antibiotics are widely used for treatment and... (Review)
Review
Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics has recently become an important medical challenge. In ophthalmology antibiotics are widely used for treatment and prophylaxis of ocular infections. In many cases antiseptics may be a valuable adjunct and sometimes even an alternative to antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of infections, reducing the overuse of antibiotics. This review aims to highlight the available literature on the subject of antibiotic resistance in ophthalmology. Full understanding of this growing problem is necessary for tailoring effective pre-, intra-, and postoperative management to improve antibiotic stewardship programs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Antisepsis; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Ophthalmology
PubMed: 29280365
DOI: 10.22608/APO.2017343 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Dec 1984
Topics: Antisepsis; Asepsis; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Masks; Operating Rooms; Pregnancy; Protective Clothing; Puerperal Infection
PubMed: 6439356
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.289.6459.1642 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2018Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial retention on mirror-polished and ultrashort pulse laser-textured surfaces is quantified with a new approach based on...
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial retention on mirror-polished and ultrashort pulse laser-textured surfaces is quantified with a new approach based on ISO standards for measurement of antibacterial performance. It is shown that both wettability and surface morphology influence antibacterial behavior, with neither superhydrophobicity nor low surface roughness alone sufficient for reducing initial retention of either tested cell type. Surface structures comprising spikes, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and nano-pillars are produced with 1030 nm wavelength 350 fs laser pulses of energy 19.1 μJ, 1.01 μJ and 1.46 μJ, respectively. SEM analysis, optical profilometry, shear force microscopy and wettability analysis reveal surface structures with peak separations of 20-40 μm, 0.5-0.9 μm and 0.8-1.3 μm, average areal surface roughness of 8.6 μm, 90 nm and 60 nm and static water contact angles of 160°, 119° and 140°, respectively. E. coli retention is highest for mirror-polished specimens and spikes whose characteristic dimensions are much larger than the cell size. S. aureus retention is instead found to be inhibited under the same conditions due to low surface roughness for mirror-polished samples (S: 30 nm) and low wettability for spikes. LIPSS and nano-pillars are found to reduce E. coli retention by 99.8% and 99.2%, respectively, and S. aureus retention by 84.7% and 79.9% in terms of viable colony forming units after two hours of immersion in bacterial broth due to both low wettability and fine surface features that limit the number of available attachment points. The ability to tailor both wettability and surface morphology via ultrashort pulsed laser processing confirms this approach as an important tool for producing the next generation of antibacterial surfaces.
Topics: Asepsis; Bacterial Adhesion; Escherichia coli; Lasers; Staphylococcus aureus; Steel; Wettability
PubMed: 29973628
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28454-2 -
Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology 2021Endophthalmitis remains a serious complication following intraocular procedures. Preoperative prophylactic measures for endophthalmitis decrease the morbidity associated... (Review)
Review
Endophthalmitis remains a serious complication following intraocular procedures. Preoperative prophylactic measures for endophthalmitis decrease the morbidity associated with this disease and represent a standard of care prior to ophthalmic surgery. The literature supports as measures for ocular antisepsis: povidone-iodine solution for ocular surface preparation, chlorhexidine in patients with iodine allergy and application of topical antibiotics. Povidone-iodine is regarded as the most effective antiseptic associated with significant reduction in ocular surface bacterial counts. Currently, the recommended preoperative management is the application of 5% povidone-iodine solution in the conjunctival fornix, prior to surgery. This paper reviews the preoperative measures for ocular antisepsis, used in order to decrease the risk of culture-proven endophthalmitis.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antisepsis; Conjunctiva; Endophthalmitis; Humans; Povidone-Iodine
PubMed: 34179575
DOI: 10.22336/rjo.2021.25 -
Dermatology Practical & Conceptual Jan 2021Dermatologic procedures are performed under varying degrees of antisepsis, and no clear guidelines exist regarding the role of the aseptic technique in dermatology. This... (Review)
Review
Dermatologic procedures are performed under varying degrees of antisepsis, and no clear guidelines exist regarding the role of the aseptic technique in dermatology. This review aims to clarify the terminology surrounding surgical asepsis and examines the importance of various components of the aseptic technique in cutaneous surgery. Included are studies examining optimal glove type, surgical instruments, skin antisepsis, and cost-reducing protocols. Our review highlights that most dermatology procedures are not performed under completely sterile conditions due to the lack of environmental and foot traffic controls in dermatology offices. In addition, for some outpatient procedures, such as for minor excisions and Mohs surgery before reconstruction, elements of the clean technique can be used without increasing infection rates. However, data on the feasibility of a clean protocol for Mohs reconstruction is conflicting. Future prospective, randomized trials analyzing various components of the aseptic technique in dermatology are greatly needed so that guidelines can be established for practicing dermatologists.
PubMed: 33614211
DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1101a126