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British Medical Journal Nov 1952
Topics: Antisepsis; Asepsis; Disinfection; Humans
PubMed: 12987783
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Surgery Jan 2017Surgical-site infection (SSI) occurs in 1-10 per cent of all patients undergoing surgery; rates can be higher depending on the type of surgery. The aim of this review... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Surgical-site infection (SSI) occurs in 1-10 per cent of all patients undergoing surgery; rates can be higher depending on the type of surgery. The aim of this review was to establish whether (or not) surgical hand asepsis, intraoperative skin antisepsis and selected surgical dressings are cost-effective in SSI prevention, and to examine the quality of reporting.
METHODS
The authors searched MEDLINE via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, Cochrane Central and Scopus databases systematically from 1990 to 2016. Included were RCTs and quasi-experimental studies published in English, evaluating the economic impact of interventions to prevent SSI relative to surgical hand and skin antisepsis, and wound dressings. Characteristics and results of included studies were extracted using a standard data collection tool. Study and reporting quality were assessed using SIGN and CHEERS checklists.
RESULTS
Across the three areas of SSI prevention, the combined searches identified 1214 articles. Of these, five health economic studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of selected surgical dressings were eligible. Study authors concluded that the interventions being assessed were cost-effective, or were potentially cost-saving. Still, there is high uncertainty around the decision to adopt these dressings/devices in practice. The studies' reporting quality was reasonable; three reported at least 15 of the 24 CHEERS items appropriately. Assessment of methodological quality found that two studies were considered to be of high quality.
CONCLUSION
With few economic studies undertaken in this area, the cost-effectiveness of these strategies is unclear. Incorporating economic evaluations alongside RCTs will help towards evidence-informed decisions.
Topics: Bandages; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 28121042
DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10428 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Dec 1984
Topics: Antisepsis; Asepsis; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Masks; Operating Rooms; Pregnancy; Protective Clothing; Puerperal Infection
PubMed: 6439356
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.289.6459.1642 -
Texas Medical Journal (Austin, Tex.) Feb 1896
PubMed: 36955477
DOI: No ID Found -
Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology 2021Endophthalmitis remains a serious complication following intraocular procedures. Preoperative prophylactic measures for endophthalmitis decrease the morbidity associated... (Review)
Review
Endophthalmitis remains a serious complication following intraocular procedures. Preoperative prophylactic measures for endophthalmitis decrease the morbidity associated with this disease and represent a standard of care prior to ophthalmic surgery. The literature supports as measures for ocular antisepsis: povidone-iodine solution for ocular surface preparation, chlorhexidine in patients with iodine allergy and application of topical antibiotics. Povidone-iodine is regarded as the most effective antiseptic associated with significant reduction in ocular surface bacterial counts. Currently, the recommended preoperative management is the application of 5% povidone-iodine solution in the conjunctival fornix, prior to surgery. This paper reviews the preoperative measures for ocular antisepsis, used in order to decrease the risk of culture-proven endophthalmitis.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antisepsis; Conjunctiva; Endophthalmitis; Humans; Povidone-Iodine
PubMed: 34179575
DOI: 10.22336/rjo.2021.25 -
Anaesthesia Feb 2015
Topics: Antisepsis; Humans; Nerve Block; Skin
PubMed: 25583199
DOI: 10.1111/anae.13004 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2018Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial retention on mirror-polished and ultrashort pulse laser-textured surfaces is quantified with a new approach based on...
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial retention on mirror-polished and ultrashort pulse laser-textured surfaces is quantified with a new approach based on ISO standards for measurement of antibacterial performance. It is shown that both wettability and surface morphology influence antibacterial behavior, with neither superhydrophobicity nor low surface roughness alone sufficient for reducing initial retention of either tested cell type. Surface structures comprising spikes, laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and nano-pillars are produced with 1030 nm wavelength 350 fs laser pulses of energy 19.1 μJ, 1.01 μJ and 1.46 μJ, respectively. SEM analysis, optical profilometry, shear force microscopy and wettability analysis reveal surface structures with peak separations of 20-40 μm, 0.5-0.9 μm and 0.8-1.3 μm, average areal surface roughness of 8.6 μm, 90 nm and 60 nm and static water contact angles of 160°, 119° and 140°, respectively. E. coli retention is highest for mirror-polished specimens and spikes whose characteristic dimensions are much larger than the cell size. S. aureus retention is instead found to be inhibited under the same conditions due to low surface roughness for mirror-polished samples (S: 30 nm) and low wettability for spikes. LIPSS and nano-pillars are found to reduce E. coli retention by 99.8% and 99.2%, respectively, and S. aureus retention by 84.7% and 79.9% in terms of viable colony forming units after two hours of immersion in bacterial broth due to both low wettability and fine surface features that limit the number of available attachment points. The ability to tailor both wettability and surface morphology via ultrashort pulsed laser processing confirms this approach as an important tool for producing the next generation of antibacterial surfaces.
Topics: Asepsis; Bacterial Adhesion; Escherichia coli; Lasers; Staphylococcus aureus; Steel; Wettability
PubMed: 29973628
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28454-2 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2020Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo...
INTRODUCTION
Nanoparticle solutions have been studied to improve antimicrobial effect. The aim of this study was to develop, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antiseptic efficacy of 0.25% aqueous-based chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v).
METHODS
The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v (2.5mg/mL) and free chlorhexidine nanoemulsion (FCN; same composition of NM-Cl without the molecule of chlorhexidine) were synthetized by the spontaneous emulsification method. Characterization analyses of physical and chemical properties were performed. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v was compared with chlorhexidine 0.5% alcohol base (CS-Cl 0.5%) in vitro studies (microdilution study and kill curve study), and in vivo study (antisepsis of rats dorsum). Kruskal-Wallis test was used between groups and inside the same group, at different sample times and the Mann-Whitney test was performed when difference was detected.
RESULTS
The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented adequate physicochemical characteristics for a nanoemulsion, revealing a more basic pH than FCN and difference between zeta potential of NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and FCN. The NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5% solutions were more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria (≤0.05). NM-Cl 0.25% w/v presented upper antiseptic effect in the microdilution study and residual antiseptic effect was maintained for a longer time when compared to CS-Cl 0.5% (kill curve study). The four-fold (minimal inhibitory concentration) of NM-Cl 0.25% were the formulations with most durable effect within those tested, presenting residual effect until T6 for both bacteria. In the in vivo study, both formulations (NM-Cl 0.25% w/v and CS-Cl 0.5%) had a reduction of the microorganisms in the skin of the rats (<0.0001) not revealing any difference between the formulations at different times, showing the antiseptic effect of NM-Cl (≤0.05).
CONCLUSION
Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NM-Cl showed promising future as an antiseptic for cutaneous microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Emulsions; Ethanol; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanostructures; Rats, Wistar; Skin
PubMed: 33061360
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S228280 -
The American Journal of Dental Science Nov 1887
PubMed: 30757149
DOI: No ID Found