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Infection and Immunity Sep 1977The energy-dependent adsorption of radioiodinated rickettsiae to sheep erythrocytes was demonstrated. The iodination procedure, however, decreased the hemolytic activity...
The energy-dependent adsorption of radioiodinated rickettsiae to sheep erythrocytes was demonstrated. The iodination procedure, however, decreased the hemolytic activity of the rickettsiae. No desorption of rickettsiae from isolated rickettsia-erythrocyte complexes (prevented from lysing by NaF) could be measured. On the other hand, rickettsiae desorbed from this complex during or after lysis and readsorbed and lysed other erythrocytes. Thus, the usual hemolytic assay measures multiple rounds of adsorption and lysis. Although lysis of the rickettsia-erythrocyte complex was insensitive to anti-rickettsial rabbit serum, adsorption and readsorption were completely inhibited by such antiserum. Hemagglutination of erythrocytes by rickettsiae was observed (in the presence of NaF to prevent lysis) and was sensitive to the same inhibitors as adsorption.
Topics: Adsorption; Animals; Chromium Radioisotopes; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination Tests; Hemolysis; Immune Sera; Iodine Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Rickettsia prowazekii; Sheep
PubMed: 409680
DOI: 10.1128/iai.17.3.607-612.1977 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Dec 1997Dose effect of inhibin antiserum on ovarian response and hormonal profiles were investigated. On day 12 of the estrous cycle (day 0 = estrus), 14 of 19 cows were given a...
Dose effect of inhibin antiserum on ovarian response and hormonal profiles were investigated. On day 12 of the estrous cycle (day 0 = estrus), 14 of 19 cows were given a single i.v. injection of 25 ml (n = 4), 37.5 ml (n = 5) or 50 ml (n = 5) antiserum against inhibin produced in a castrated male goat. The other 5 animals were given 50 ml castrated male goat serum (control serum). The animals in each group received a single i.m. injection of 0.5 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue (PG) 48 hr following the serum injection. The population of follicles and ovulation rate (estimated by the number of corpora lutea) were examined by ultrasonography. Administration of inhibin antiserum consistently resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) increase in plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in inhibin-neutralized groups, although the increased FSH levels were sustained longer in 50-ml group than in the 25- and 37.5- ml groups. Levels in the circulating inhibin antibody titer were positively correlated with dosage of inhibin antiserum. A large number of antral follicles (> or = 4 mm in diameter) developed similarly after hypersecretion of FSH in all neutralized groups, coupled with a rise in plasma estradiol levels, while the number of large follicles (> or = 10 mm in diameter) on estrus showed a dose-dependent increase. Multiple ovulation (2 to 4) was recorded in all animals after injection of 50 ml inhibin antiserum, however all cows in the 25-ml group experienced only one ovulation and injection of 37.5 ml resulted in a variable number of ovulations (1 to 5). These results demonstrated that administration of inhibin antiserum on day 12, followed by injection of PG, was able to induce hypersecretion of FSH and subsequently multiple ovulations. The number of large follicles on estrus day and ovulations were affected by dosage of inhibin antiserum and were correlated with persistence of increased FSH levels or circulating antibody levels.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estradiol; Estrus; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Goats; Immune Sera; Inhibins; Injections, Intramuscular; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Ovarian Follicle; Ovary; Ovulation; Progesterone; Random Allocation; Time Factors
PubMed: 9450243
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.59.1129 -
The Journal of Hygiene Sep 1971When fresh animal serum was dropped onto seeded mycoplasma agar plates, inhibition of growth frequently occurred. This effect was dependent on the mycoplasma serotype...
When fresh animal serum was dropped onto seeded mycoplasma agar plates, inhibition of growth frequently occurred. This effect was dependent on the mycoplasma serotype and on the animal species from which the fresh serum came. This activity of fresh animal serum was heat-labile and would not diffuse through the agar medium. Growth of all the porcine mycoplasma serotypes was inhibited by fresh sheep serum. M. hyorhinis, M. hyopneumoniae, B 3 and the P 45 strains were insensitive to fresh horse serum. The addition of fresh horse serum to specific M. hyorhinis rabbit antiserum-impregnated disks appeared to have a synergistic effect and the combination of M. hyorhinis antiserum-impregnated disk and fresh horse serum always inhibited the growth of M. hyorhinis strains.
Topics: Agar; Animals; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Culture Media; Horses; Immune Sera; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoplasma; Rabbits; Sheep; Swine
PubMed: 5285939
DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400021604 -
Journal of Microbiology and... May 2014Clostridium difficile causes mucosal damage and diarrhea by releasing two exotoxins: toxin A and toxin B. C. difficile colitis is associated with alterations in bowel...
Clostridium difficile causes mucosal damage and diarrhea by releasing two exotoxins: toxin A and toxin B. C. difficile colitis is associated with alterations in bowel flora and the failure to mount an effective antibody response. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether antitoxin sera prevent toxin-A-induced apoptosis, cytoskeletal disaggregation, cell detachment, and tight junction loss in cultured colonic epithelial cells. Serum samples were isolated from mice that survived a C. difficile infection following antibiotic treatment, and the antitoxin effects of these samples were investigated in toxin-A-exposed HT29 colonic epithelial cells and a toxin-A-induced animal model of gut inflammation. Unchallenged mice did not produce IgG against toxin A, whereas serum (antiserum) from C. difficile-challenged mice showed significant IgG responses against toxin A. Treatment with the antiserum markedly inhibited mucosal damage and inflammation in the toxin-A-treated mouse model. In contrast to control mouse serum, the antiserum also markedly inhibited toxin-A-induced DNA fragmentation, dephosphorylation of paxillin and Epo receptor (EpoR), deacetylation of tubulin, and upregulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p53. Taken together, these results reveal that the generated antitoxin serum has biotherapeutic effects in preventing various C. difficile toxin-A-induced cellular toxicities.
Topics: Animals; Antitoxins; Apoptosis; Bacterial Toxins; Cell Death; Cell Line; Clostridioides difficile; Colitis; Disease Models, Animal; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Enterotoxins; HT29 Cells; Humans; Immune Sera; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mice; Signal Transduction; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 24509250
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1401.01059 -
European Journal of Biochemistry Mar 1988Cardiotoxins isolated from elapid snake venoms constitute a chemically homogeneous family of molecules. Within this group several biologically different subclasses...
Cardiotoxins isolated from elapid snake venoms constitute a chemically homogeneous family of molecules. Within this group several biologically different subclasses exist. We report a comparative analysis of the structure of 20 cardiotoxins using circular dichroism, immunological methods and secondary-structure prediction. It is shown that cardiotoxins fall within two structural subclasses. Toxins of group I are characterized by (a) CD spectra having an intense positive band close to 192.5 nm and a negative trough at 225 nm with no positive band around 230 nm, (b) strong cross-reactivity with a polyclonal antiserum specific for Naja nigricollis toxin gamma and (c) a high tendency to form a reverse turn in the region of position 11. Toxins of group II are characterized by (a) CD spectra displaying a much weaker positive band at 192.5 nm, a negative band around 210 nm and a positive band at 230 nm, (b) little cross-reactivity with the aforementioned antiserum and (c) a high reverse-turn potential at position 31. It is suggested that the observed differences result from differing curvatures in the antiparallel beta sheet which constitutes the main secondary structure of cardiotoxins.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Circular Dichroism; Cobra Cardiotoxin Proteins; Elapid Venoms; Immune Sera; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptides; Protein Conformation
PubMed: 3350004
DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13898.x -
Scientific Reports Nov 2016We selected and sequenced the entire genomes of three strains of Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV): LNQY-2008 (isolated in Qingyuan, Liaoning Province), SXYL-2015 (isolated... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We selected and sequenced the entire genomes of three strains of Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV): LNQY-2008 (isolated in Qingyuan, Liaoning Province), SXYL-2015 (isolated in Yulin, Shanxi Province), and JLCBS-2014 (isolated in Changbaishan, Jilin Province), by VP1 amino acid (aa) analysis. These strains are endemic in China and infect Apis cerana. Nucleotide sequences, deduced amino acid sequences, genetic backgrounds, and other molecular biological characteristics were analysed. We also examined sensitivity of these virus strains to temperature, pH, and organic solvents, as well as to other physicochemical properties. On the basis of these observations, we compared pathogenicity and tested cross-immunogenicity and protective immunity, using antisera raised against each of the three strains. Our results showed that compared with SXYL-2015, LNQY-2008 has a 10-aa deletion and 3-aa deletion (positions 282-291 and 299-301, respectively), whereas JLCBS-2014 has a 17-aa deletion (positions 284-300). However, the three strains showed no obvious differences in physicochemical properties or pathogenicity. Moreover, there was immune cross-reactivity among the antisera raised against the different strains, implying good protective effects of such antisera. The present study should significantly advance the understanding of the pathogenesis of Chinese sacbrood disease, and offers insights into comprehensive prevention and treatment of, as well as possible protection from, the disease by means of an antiserum.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Bees; China; Genome, Viral; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immune Sera; Larva; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Phylogeny; RNA Viruses; Sequence Alignment; Temperature; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 27853294
DOI: 10.1038/srep37424 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Jun 1993Determination of the serum concentration of the protein osteocalcin (OC) is useful for the noninvasive evaluation of bone metabolism. Because the dog is an excellent...
Determination of the serum concentration of the protein osteocalcin (OC) is useful for the noninvasive evaluation of bone metabolism. Because the dog is an excellent experimental model for the study of bone, we produced and characterized a polyclonal antiserum specific for dog OC and used it to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of the concentration of this protein in dog serum. The antiserum expresses higher affinity for Ca(2+)-bound than for Ca(2+)-free OC (B50 at 10(-5) versus 2 x 10(-4) dilution). Also, in the presence of Ca2+ affinity is higher for the carboxylated than for the decarboxylated form of the protein, and under Ca(2+)-free conditions the affinity is equal for the two forms. The study of peptide fragments of OC demonstrates competitive binding of the peptide comprising amino acids 20-44 but not of other fragments; this suggests that the antigenic epitope of dog OC is located in the midmolecular region of the protein. The RIA displays excellent sensitivity for the measurement of OC in blood (detection limit 0.31 ng/ml), with intraassay and interassay variations of 4.6 and 6.8%, respectively. Analysis of gel chromatography fractions of normal dog serum shows that greater than 90% of the antigenic material coelutes with purified radiolabeled dog OC. Test of parallelism reveals lack of interference of serum constituents with the binding assay. The antiserum displays limited species specificity since it cross-reacts with human OC, but not with the protein from rodents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Animals; Antibody Specificity; Dogs; Female; Immune Sera; Osteocalcin; Ovariectomy; Parathyroidectomy; Radioimmunoassay; Thyroidectomy
PubMed: 8328316
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650080613 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Oct 2002A one-step fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was developed to measure progesterone level using an immunocomplex single reagent (SR), a preequilibrated mixture...
A one-step fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was developed to measure progesterone level using an immunocomplex single reagent (SR), a preequilibrated mixture of antibody and tracer. Several fluorescence-labeled progesterone tracers were synthesized using the combination of two progesterone derivatives, 11alpha-hemisuccinyloxyprogesterone (P-11HS) and progesterone-3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime (P-3CMO), and three fluorescence labels, fluoresceinamine isomer I and II, and ethylenediamine fluoresceinthiocarbamyl (EDF). Antiserum was prepared using a progesterone-bovine serum albumin (BSA) imunogen. The influence of the tracer label was significantly different in titer and sensitivity for antibody binding. The best pair of antibody and progesterone tracer was selected for the antigen-antibody reaction. They were the antibody produced from P-11HS-BSA immunogen and P-11HS-EDF tracer. One-step FPIA is a speedy, homogeneous type of immunoassay which needs neither incubation nor separation of free and bound analyte to measure fluorescence polarization. The detection limit of progesterone by SR-FPIA is approximately 2.7 ng/ml with 50 microl samples. The performance characteristics are acceptable for standard curve reproducibility (coefficient of variation (CV): 0.6-6.4%), precision (CV: 3-13%), and mean dilution recovery (95-102%). The total assay time for 10 samples is about 7 min. This immunocomplex SR has proven to be stable compared with the respective solutions of antibody and tracer.
Topics: Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay; Immune Sera; Progesterone; Serum Albumin, Bovine
PubMed: 12392074
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.25.1258 -
Infection and Immunity May 1977The method of hemagglutination inhibition was used to investigate the antigenic diversity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Neisseria meningitidis and to develop a...
The method of hemagglutination inhibition was used to investigate the antigenic diversity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Neisseria meningitidis and to develop a serotyping systems based on this antigen. The system uses outer membrane complex prepared by a simple extraction procedure to inhibit homologous hemagglutination reactions involving sheep erythrocytes sensitized with purified LPS and rabbit antiserum raised to whole meningococci. Antisera with specificity for eight different LPS determinants were used as typing sera to serotype a cross section of 67 meningococcal strains. Only two strains (both group A) were not typable with the eight sera, and most strains had more than one type. Comparison of LPS type and bactericidal serotype suggests that the LPS and protein serotypes are independent serological markers.
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Immune Sera; Lipopolysaccharides; Neisseria meningitidis; Serotyping
PubMed: 405320
DOI: 10.1128/iai.16.2.471-475.1977 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Feb 2011
Review
Topics: Adult; Chickenpox; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Immune Sera; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Syndrome; United States
PubMed: 21262937
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.100615