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Nuclear Medicine Review. Central &... Aug 2012Metabolic bone disease encompasses a number of disorders that tend to present a generalized involvement of the whole skeleton. The disorders are mostly related to... (Review)
Review
Metabolic bone disease encompasses a number of disorders that tend to present a generalized involvement of the whole skeleton. The disorders are mostly related to increased bone turnover and increased uptake of radiolabelled diphosphonate. Skeletal uptake of 99mTc-labelled diphosphonate depends primarily upon osteoblastic activity, and to a lesser extent, skeletal vascularity. A bone scan image therefore presents a functional display of total skeletal metabolism and has valuable role to play in the assessment of patients with metabolic bone disorders. However, the bone scan appearances in metabolic bone disease are often non-specific, and their recognition depends on increased tracer uptake throughout the whole skeleton. It is the presence of local lesions, as in metastatic disease, that makes a bone scan appearance obviously abnormal. In the early stages, there will be difficulty in evaluating the bone scans from many patients with metabolic bone disease. However, in the more severe cases scan appearances can be quite striking and virtually diagnostic.
Topics: Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone and Bones; Diphosphonates; Humans; Radionuclide Imaging; Technetium Compounds
PubMed: 22936506
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Dentistry 2022This study determined the effect of lip thickness, lipstick color, and tooth shade on the smile attractiveness perceptions of dentists, laypersons, dental students, and...
This study determined the effect of lip thickness, lipstick color, and tooth shade on the smile attractiveness perceptions of dentists, laypersons, dental students, and other faculty students. A set of 27 smile photographs was prepared with different lip thicknesses (Tk, thick; , medium; and Tn, thin), lipstick shade (, red; , pink; and , orange), and tooth shades (01, 03, and 1). A total of 212 Thai participants in four rater groups (dentists, laypersons, dental students, and other faculty students) rated smile attractiveness using a visual analog scale (VAS). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and pairwise analysis at a 0.05% level of significance. Tk or lip thickness was associated with more smile attractiveness than Th lip thickness. The lipstick is more attractive than the and lipsticks. The 01 tooth shade appeared to be the most attractive for laypersons and other faculty students, whereas tooth shades (01, 03, or 1) did not influence the smile attractiveness perception of dentists and dental students. The smile attractiveness perception was influenced by the lip appearance and tooth shade for each rater group, which are essential for an attractive smile design.
PubMed: 36571069
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5952643 -
World Journal of Critical Care Medicine Nov 2013Extracorporeal life support is used to support patients of all ages with refractory cardiac and/or respiratory failure. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has... (Review)
Review
Extracorporeal life support is used to support patients of all ages with refractory cardiac and/or respiratory failure. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used to rescue patients whose predicted mortality would have otherwise been high. It is associated with acute central nervous system (CNS) complications and with long- term neurologic morbidity. Many patients treated with ECMO have acute neurologic complications, including seizures, hemorrhage, infarction, and brain death. Various pre-ECMO and ECMO factors have been found to be associated with neurologic injury, including acidosis, renal failure, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and modality of ECMO used. The risk of neurologic complication appears to vary by age of the patient, with neonates appearing to have the highest risk of acute central nervous system complications. Acute CNS injuries are associated with increased risk of death in a patient who has received ECMO support. ECMO is increasingly used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation when return of spontaneous circulation is not achieved rapidly and outcomes may be good in select populations. Economic analyses have shown that neonatal and adult respiratory ECMO are cost effective. There have been several intriguing reports of active physical rehabilitation of patients during ECMO support that is well tolerated and may improve recovery. Although there is evidence that some patients supported with ECMO appear to have very good outcomes, there is limited understanding of the long-term impact of ECMO on quality of life and long-term cognitive and physical functioning for many groups, especially the cardiac and pediatric populations. This deserves further study.
PubMed: 24701415
DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v2.i4.40 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Jun 2020Postsurgical anatomic alterations and placement of prosthetic materials may cause misdiagnosis, leading to unnecessary patient work-up. Reading physicians must be aware...
Postsurgical anatomic alterations and placement of prosthetic materials may cause misdiagnosis, leading to unnecessary patient work-up. Reading physicians must be aware of common and uncommon postoperative imaging appearances and their pitfalls. In this case report, we present the appearance of a postsurgical hernia repair plug on PET/CT, also called plugoma or meshoma.
Topics: Adult; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Hernia; Humans; Male; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32111659
DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.119.233999 -
Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse... 2022In pulmonary sarcoidosis, respiratory tract lesions almost always appear, and residual lung shadows require treatment in about 20% of cases. Pulmonary fibrosis is among...
BACKGROUND
In pulmonary sarcoidosis, respiratory tract lesions almost always appear, and residual lung shadows require treatment in about 20% of cases. Pulmonary fibrosis is among the three leading causes of death. Treatment strategies are urgently needed to inhibit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis by combining antifibrotic drugs and immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids. Establishing consensus on the process of pulmonary fibrosis progression is important for determining the most effective treatment.
OUR REVIEW
Among more than 2500 cases of sarcoidosis treated at our hospital, cases that led to chronic respiratory failure were analyzed for CT findings of pulmonary fibrosis. Early in sarcoidosis, granulomatous lesions appeared along the bronchovascular bundle. As pulmonary fibrosis progressed, a central consolidation developed on the central side in the direction of lymph flow, a peripheral consolidation developed on the pleural side, and a central-peripheral band developed connecting the two. Infiltrative or wedge-shaped shadows sometimes formed in the immediate subpleural area, appearing as a pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis-like lesion. Traction bronchiectasis may form cysts at the periphery or may congregate to form a honeycomb lung-like structure. Combination of these lesions led to shrinkage of the upper lobe. Patients with multiple peripheral cysts/bullae had a unique disease course characterized by wheezing and concomitant pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary aspergillosis.
CONCLUSION
Further understanding of the process of pulmonary fibrosis progression is needed. Summarizing imaging findings and understanding their contribution to respiratory impairment will contribute to comprehensively evaluating the stages of pulmonary fibrosis progression and establishing an optimal treatment strategy.
PubMed: 36118544
DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v39i2.12995 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2017This paper comes with a purpose to help the clinician as how to arrive at a logical differential diagnosis when an upper lip mass is encountered in day-to-day practice.... (Review)
Review
This paper comes with a purpose to help the clinician as how to arrive at a logical differential diagnosis when an upper lip mass is encountered in day-to-day practice. The labial mucosa is commonly traumatized. One must be aware of the type of structures contained in the mucosa of the area of a lesion as well as the patients habits since they may relate to a lesion presented for diagnosis. It also helps them to procure a sound knowledge of the lesions by describing the lesions according to their clinical appearance and to aid the clinician in arriving at a differential diagnosis by considering that certain lesions have a predilection for the upper lip. All clinically similar appearing lesions are discussed according to their relative frequency of occurrence. This paper covers only a minority of plethora of elevated lesions that may appear on the upper lip since almost any soft tissue lesion or neoplasm (benign and malignant) may occur here.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lip Neoplasms; Salivary Calculi; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 28643729
DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.204890 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2019Beauty and an attractive body shape are particularly important during early adulthood, as both are related to greater mating success, positive social feedback, and...
Beauty and an attractive body shape are particularly important during early adulthood, as both are related to greater mating success, positive social feedback, and higher self-esteem. The media may further influence common features of beauty. We tested whether higher body-dysmorphic disorder (BDD) scores were associated with sociocultural attitudes towards appearance. Additionally, we expected that a link between higher BDD scores and higher perceived media pressure would be mediated by lower self-esteem (SE). 350 young Iranian adults (mean age: 24.17 years; 76.9% females) took part in the study. Participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic data, sociocultural attitudes towards appearances, and SE, while experts rated participants for symptoms of body dysmorphic disorders. Higher BDD scores were associated with higher scores for sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, while SE was not associated with BDD or sociocultural attitudes towards appearance. Higher scores for sociocultural attitudes towards appearance and media pressure predicted higher BDD scores, while SE had no influence. Among young Iranian adults, sociocultural attitudes towards appearances and BDD scores, as rated by experts', were related, while SE was not. The shared variance between symptoms of BDD and sociocultural attitudes towards appearance was low, suggesting that other factors such as mating and career concerns together with social feedback might be more important in explaining symptoms of body dysmorphic disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attitude; Body Dysmorphic Disorders; Body Image; Cultural Characteristics; Female; Humans; Iran; Male; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 31683731
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214236 -
Journal of Ayub Medical College,... 2023The global burden of patients affected by chronic liver disease (CLD) has shown a steady rise over the last few decades and is now considered the 11th most frequent... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The global burden of patients affected by chronic liver disease (CLD) has shown a steady rise over the last few decades and is now considered the 11th most frequent cause of death globally. In addition, as the world population is facing increased obesity rates coupled with alcohol consumption, these rates are predicted to continue to rise. The Objective was to assess the appearance of Lipiodol retention upon different MRI sequences with a special focus on non-contrast sequences. Lipiodol Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has become the standard treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without vascular invasion. However, data regarding Lipiodol TACE imaging via MRI is limited and results are not familiar to radiologists for regular assessment of treatment response.
METHODS
After IRB and EC approval, we included all those patients who underwent TACE treatment with Lipiodol and chemotherapeutic agent; having both 4-6-week post-treatment CT and MRI imaging. This criterion was fulfilled by a total of 25 patients. Only lipiodol-containing areas within the lesion were noted for signal intensities on all MRI sequences and labelled as hyperintense, isointense, hypointense and mixed intensity. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS v27. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for qualitative data.
RESULTS
The most sensitive sequence in detecting Lipiodol retention was Fat suppressed T1 imaging sequence, with low signal intensity seen on T1 weighted fat-suppressed sequences in up to 76% of lesions. While on non-fat suppressed T1 weighted images, 60% of Lipiodol retention areas appeared hyperintense. 52% of lesions showed a hypointense appearance on the T2 weighted sequence. A much more variable appearance was seen in Diffusion-weighted imaging sequences demanding cautious interpretation. MR patterns were clearer in patients having more than 50% lipiodol retention on CT and lesion size more than 2 cm. .
CONCLUSION
While MRI is deemed as a reliable and most useful imaging modality for assessing HCC's following lipiodol TACE it requires cautious interpretation with knowledge of variable signal appearance seen on different imaging sequences.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Ethiodized Oil; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Chlorotrianisene
PubMed: 38406903
DOI: 10.55519/JAMC-S4-11966 -
Insights Into Imaging Apr 2022Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEH) is extremely rare and the MRI features have never been investigated in a large group of patients.
BACKGROUND
Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEH) is extremely rare and the MRI features have never been investigated in a large group of patients.
METHODS
A retrospective study was designed to review the MRI images of HEH patients. Two radiologists separately evaluated signal intensity (SI) on unenhanced imaging, morphological features, contrast-enhancement pattern at dynamic study. The MRI features were compared between patients with HEH and hepatic metastatic tumor (HMT).
RESULTS
Fifty-seven HEH patients were included in this study and a total of 412 lesions were evaluated. On per-lesion analysis, the rate of coalescent lesion and subcapsular lesion were 18.2% and 39.8%, respectively. Capsular retraction and lollipop sign were observed in 47 lesions (11.4%) and 60 lesions (14.6%), respectively. Large lesions (> 5 cm) had the highest rate of coalescent lesion, subcapsular lesion, capsular retraction and lollipop sign. Target sign appeared in 196 lesions (47.6%) on T2 weighted (T2W) and 146 lesions (35.4%) on portal phase. Medium lesions (2-5 cm) had the highest rate of target sign on both T2W (72.9%) and portal phase (55.2%). On per-patient analysis, compare with HEH patients, HMT patients seldom had the appearance of lollipop sign (66.7% versus 6.4%, p < 0.01), capsular retraction (59.6% versus 3.2%, p < 0.01) and target appearance on both T2Wand portal phase (64.9% versus 12.7%, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
MRI features of HEH correlated with the lesion size. Capsular retraction, lollipop sign and coexistence of target sign on both T2W and portal phase were relatively specific MRI features of HEH, which could be helpful in suggesting the diagnosis.
PubMed: 35380293
DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01213-8