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International Urology and Nephrology Oct 2018Given that more cancers are being diagnosed earlier and that treatment of cancer is improving, health issues of cancer survivors are becoming more common and apparent.... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Given that more cancers are being diagnosed earlier and that treatment of cancer is improving, health issues of cancer survivors are becoming more common and apparent. Pelvic radiation therapy for the treatment of gynecological cancers can lead to long-term collateral damage to the bladder, a condition termed radiation cystitis (RC). Late sequelae may take many years to develop and include incontinence and pain as well as hematuria. RC is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition for which there are few management and treatment options.
METHODS
There are limited data in the literature regarding the effects of radiation on the bladder after gynecological cancer therapy and we hereby review the literature on cancer survivorship issues of pelvic radiation for gynecology literature.
RESULTS
Treatment options are available for patients with radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. However, most treatments are risky or only effective for a short timeframe and no therapy is currently available to reverse the disease progress. Furthermore, no standardized guidelines exist describing preferred management options. Common therapies include hyperbaric oxygen therapy, clot evacuation, fulguration, intravesical instillation of astringent agents, and surgery. Novel developing strategies include Botulinum Toxin injections and liposomal-tacrolimus instillations. These treatments and strategies are discussed.
CONCLUSIONS
In this review, we will present current and advanced therapeutic strategies for RC to help cancer survivors deal with long-term bladder health issues.
Topics: Administration, Intravesical; Astringents; Botulinum Toxins; Cancer Survivors; Cystitis; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Hematuria; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Immunosuppressive Agents; Radiation Injuries; Survivorship; Tacrolimus; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 30132277
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1970-2 -
Biomolecules Feb 2024Recent studies have demonstrated that the interaction of dietary constituents with taste and olfactory receptors and nociceptors expressed in the oral cavity, nasal... (Review)
Review
Recent studies have demonstrated that the interaction of dietary constituents with taste and olfactory receptors and nociceptors expressed in the oral cavity, nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract regulate homeostasis through activation of the neuroendocrine system. Polyphenols, of which 8000 have been identified to date, represent the greatest diversity of secondary metabolites in plants, most of which are bitter and some of them astringent. Epidemiological studies have shown that polyphenol intake contributes to maintaining and improving cardiovascular, cognitive and sensory health. However, because polyphenols have very low bioavailability, the mechanisms of their beneficial effects are unknown. In this review, we focused on the taste of polyphenols from the perspective of sensory nutrition, summarized the results of previous studies on their relationship with bioregulation and discussed their future potential.
Topics: Polyphenols; Taste; Astringents; Diet; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38397471
DOI: 10.3390/biom14020234 -
EXCLI Journal 2015Currently, nutrition and health linkages focused on emerging strategy of diet based regimen to combat various physiological threats including cardiovascular disorders,... (Review)
Review
Currently, nutrition and health linkages focused on emerging strategy of diet based regimen to combat various physiological threats including cardiovascular disorders, oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus, etc. In this context, consumption of fruits and vegetables is gaining considerable importance as safeguard to maintain human health. Likewise, their phytochemicals and bioactive molecules are also becoming popular as promising demulcent against various ailments. The current review is an effort to sum up information regarding persimmon fruit with special reference to its phytochemistry and associated health claims. Accordingly, the role of its certain bioactive molecules like proanthocyanidin, carotenoids, tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanidin, catechin, etc. is highlighted. Owing to rich phytochemistry, persimmon and its products are considered effective in mitigating oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant potential is too responsible for anti-malignant and anti-melanogenic perspectives of persimmon functional ingredients. Additionally, they are effectual in soothing lifestyle related disparities e.g. cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus. There are proven facts that pharmacological application of persimmon or its functional ingredients like proanthocyanidin may helps against hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Nevertheless, astringent taste and diospyrobezoars formation are creating lacuna to prop up its vitality. In toto, persimmon and its components hold potential as one of effective modules in diet based therapy; however, integrated research and meta-analysis are still required to enhance meticulousness.
PubMed: 27047315
DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-159 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2020Understanding consumers' food choices and the psychological processes involved in their preferences is crucial to promote more mindful eating regulation and guide food... (Review)
Review
Understanding consumers' food choices and the psychological processes involved in their preferences is crucial to promote more mindful eating regulation and guide food design. Fortifying foods minimizing the oral dryness, rough, and puckering associated with many functional ingredients has been attracting interest in understanding oral astringency over the years. A variety of studies have explored the sensorial mechanisms and the food properties determining astringency perception. The present review provides a deeper understanding of astringency, a general view of the oral mechanisms involved, and the exciting variety of the latest methods used to direct and indirectly quantify and simulate the astringency perception and the specific mechanisms involved.
PubMed: 32824086
DOI: 10.3390/foods9081124 -
Food Chemistry Nov 2022An innovative approach for monitoring astringent polyphenols in beverages (wines) is described, consisting of an electrochemical biosensor constructed by adsorbing...
An innovative approach for monitoring astringent polyphenols in beverages (wines) is described, consisting of an electrochemical biosensor constructed by adsorbing salivary α-amylase or proline-rich protein (PRP) onto amined gold screen-printed electrodes. Interaction with polyphenols was tested using pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) as a standard, an important representative element for astringency. The analytical properties of the resulting biosensors were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at different pHs. The PRP-biosensor was able to bind to PGG with higher sensitivity, displaying lower limit of the linear range of 0.6 µM. Wine samples were tested to prove the concept and the concentrations obtained ranged from 0.17 to 4.7 µM, as expressed in PGG units. The effects of side-compounds on PRP and on α-amylase binding to PGG were tested (gallic acid, catechin, ethanol, glucose, fructose and glycerol) and considered negligible. Overall, concentrations > 1.0 µM in PGG units are signaling electrochemical impedance, providing a quantitative monitoring of astringent compounds.
Topics: Astringents; Biosensing Techniques; Electrodes; Equipment Design; Glucose; Polyphenols; Wine
PubMed: 35802982
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133587 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... May 2021Fruits of nonastringent persimmon cultivars, as compared to astringent ones, were more resistant to infection despite having lower polyphenol content. Metabolic...
Fruits of nonastringent persimmon cultivars, as compared to astringent ones, were more resistant to infection despite having lower polyphenol content. Metabolic analysis from the pulp of nonastringent "Shinshu", as compared to the astringent "Triumph", revealed a higher concentration of salicylic, coumaric, quinic, 5--feruloyl quinic, ferulic acids, β-glucogallin, gallocatechin, catechin, and procyanidins. Selected compounds like salicylic, ferulic, and ρ-coumaric acids inhibited growth, and higher activity was demonstrated for methyl ferulic and methyl ρ-coumaric acids. These compounds also reduced growth and the black spot disease in stored fruits. On the other hand, methyl gallic acid was a predominant compound in the "Triumph" pulp, as compared to the "Shinshu" pulp, and it augmented growth and . Our results might explain the high sensitivity of the cultivar "Triumph" to . It also emphasizes that specific phenolic compounds, and not the total phenol, affect susceptibility to fungal infection.
Topics: Alternaria; Astringents; Diospyros; Fruit; Polyphenols
PubMed: 33983017
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01312 -
Yonsei Medical Journal Dec 1997Behçet's disease is characterized with multifactorial etiopathogenesis and multiclinical pictures. The treatment of patients with Behçet's disease is based on the... (Review)
Review
Behçet's disease is characterized with multifactorial etiopathogenesis and multiclinical pictures. The treatment of patients with Behçet's disease is based on the severity of illness, and the most appropriate management of Behçet's disease requires a multidisciplinary approach. Although various therapeutic modalities have been employed for Behçet's disease, treatment is far from satisfactory. Treatment of Behçet's disease includes local, systemic, or surgical therapies. Limited success has been found with colchicine, azathioprine, indomethacin, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, levamisole, transfer factor, fibrinolytic therapy, and systemic corticosteroid. New therapeutic approaches have been introduced for Behçet's disease using cyclosporine, thalidomide, interferon, acyclovir, high-dose corticosteroids or cyclophosphamide pulse therapy, and FK 506. We suggest that therapeutic agents should be selected after thorough evaluation of the immune state of each patient by using various tests and by determining any aggravating or provoking factors involved. In general, a combination-agent regimen is more effective than a single-agent regimen. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can inhibit or at lease slow the progress of the disease remarkably.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Behcet Syndrome; Cyclophosphamide; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Tetracycline; Thalidomide; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 9509910
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1997.38.6.401 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Sep 2014Leg ulcers affect up to one percent of people at some time in their life. Leg ulceration is chronic in nature and ulcers may be present for months or even years without... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Leg ulcers affect up to one percent of people at some time in their life. Leg ulceration is chronic in nature and ulcers may be present for months or even years without healing. After healing there is a high risk of recurrence. Treatments include wound dressings alongside the treatment of underlying medical problems such as poor blood supply, infection and poor nutrition.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of oral zinc in healing arterial or venous leg ulcers.
SEARCH METHODS
For this seventh update we searched The Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (searched 02 September 2014) and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 8). In the original version of the review a company manufacturing zinc sulphate tablets was asked for references to relevant trials.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials comparing oral zinc sulphate with placebo or no treatment in people with arterial or venous leg ulcers were eligible for inclusion. There were no restrictions on date or language of publication. The main outcome measure used was complete healing of the ulcers. Trials were eligible for inclusion if they measured ulcer healing objectively by documenting time to complete healing, proportion of ulcers healed during the study, or healing rates of ulcers.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
All data extraction and assessment of trial quality was done by both authors independently.
MAIN RESULTS
Six small trials (183 participants) were eligible for inclusion. Four trials considered people with venous ulcers, one trial involved people with arterial ulcers and one people with mixed aetiology ulcers. Serum zinc was measured in four trials and four trials compared oral zinc sulphate with placebo in people with venous ulcers; pooling these trials indicated no statistically significant difference between the two groups for healing (RR 1.22, 95%CI 0.88 to 1.68). Overall, there is no evidence that oral zinc increases the healing of arterial or venous leg ulcers.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Oral zinc sulphate does not appear to aid the healing of arterial and venous leg ulcers, however all included studies were small and at unclear risk of bias (due to poor reporting).
Topics: Administration, Oral; Astringents; Humans; Leg Ulcer; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Wound Healing; Zinc; Zinc Sulfate
PubMed: 25202988
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001273.pub3 -
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science... Jul 2023Astringency and more generally mouthfeel perception are relevant to the overall quality of the wine. However, their origin and description are still uncertain and are... (Review)
Review
Astringency and more generally mouthfeel perception are relevant to the overall quality of the wine. However, their origin and description are still uncertain and are constantly updating. Additionally, the terminology related to mouthfeel properties is expansive and extremely diversified, characterized by common traditional terms as well as novel recently adopted descriptors. In this context, this review evaluated the mention frequency of astringent subqualities and other mouthfeel attributes in the scientific literature of the last decades (2000-August 17, 2022). One hundred and twenty-five scientific publications have been selected and classified based on wine typology, aim, and instrumental-sensorial methods adopted. Dry resulted as the most frequent astringent subquality (10% for red wines, 8.6% for white wines), while body-and related terms-is a common mouthfeel sensation for different wine types, although its concept is still vague. Alongside, promising analytical and instrumental techniques investigating and simulating the in-mouth properties are discussed in detail, such as rheology for the viscosity and tribology for the lubrication loss, as well as the different approaches for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the interaction between salivary proteins and astringency markers. A focus on the phenolic compounds involved in the tactile perception was conducted, with tannins being the compounds conventionally found responsible for astringency. Nevertheless, other non-tannic polyphenolic classes (i.e., flavonols, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, anthocyanin-derivative pigments) as well as chemical-physical factors and the wine matrix (i.e., polysaccharides, mannoproteins, ethanol, glycerol, and pH) can also contribute to the wine in-mouth sensory profile. An overview of mouthfeel perception, factors involved, and its vocabulary is useful for enologists and consumers.
Topics: Wine; Taste; Astringents; Anthocyanins; Sensation
PubMed: 37282812
DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13184 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2019Conventional complete dentures still remain a viable method of treatment for many patients in this era of fixed prosthesis like dental implants. All patients undergoing...
CONTEXT
Conventional complete dentures still remain a viable method of treatment for many patients in this era of fixed prosthesis like dental implants. All patients undergoing complete denture treatment need nonsurgical preprosthetic treatment for the preparation of healthy denture bearing mucosa as well-keratinized healthy mucosa is desirable for a complete denture.
AIMS
To evaluate and compare the keratinization before and after denture insertion at intervals of 1 week and 1 month.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
The present study was conducted on 24 completely edentulous male subjects divided into control and study groups. Each patient in study group was asked to massage with astringent on the denture bearing mucosa over a 4-week period.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Exfoliative cytology was used to collect the surface cells from the palatal mucosa and buccal mucosa. The first smear was taken before the denture insertion. The second and third smears were taken after the stimulation treatment with astringent gel for each patient after 1 week and after 4 weeks. Each smear was stained with the Papanicolaou's technique. The number of basal cells, intermediate cells, and superficial cells were recorded to calculate the degree of keratinization.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Descriptive statistics, paired samples t-test, independent t-test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS
The result showed statistically significant increase in the keratinization of palatal mucosa after 4 weeks of astringent therapy and no effect was noted in the keratinization of buccal mucosa.
CONCLUSIONS
Astringent has shown to increase keratinization of palatal mucosa, and so it can be used to increase the quality of the denture bearing mucosa; moreover, the astringent stimulation has no effect on the keratinization of buccal mucosa.
Topics: Astringents; Denture, Complete; Humans; Keratins; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Palate
PubMed: 31397406
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_620_17