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Scientific Studies of Reading : the... 2019The causes that individuals attribute to reading outcomes shape future behaviors, including engagement or persistence with learning tasks. Although previous reading...
The causes that individuals attribute to reading outcomes shape future behaviors, including engagement or persistence with learning tasks. Although previous reading motivation research has examined differences between typical and struggling readers, there may be unique dynamics related to varying levels of reading and attention skills. Using latent profile analysis, we found 4 groups informed by internal attributions to ability and effort. Reading skills, inattention, and hyperactivity/impulsivity were investigated as functional correlates of attribution profiles. Participants were 1,312 youth (8-15 years of age) of predominantly African American and Hispanic racial/ethnic heritage. More adaptive attribution profiles had greater reading performance and lower inattention. The reverse was found for the least adaptive profile with associations to greater reading and attention difficulties. Distinct attribution profiles also existed across similar-achieving groups. Understanding reading-related attributions may inform instructional efforts in reading. Promoting adaptive attributions may foster engagement with texts despite learning difficulties and, in turn, support reading achievement.
PubMed: 32523329
DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2018.1529767 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Academic procrastination is common among college students, but there is a lack of research on the influencing mechanism of academic procrastination among nursing...
BACKGROUND
Academic procrastination is common among college students, but there is a lack of research on the influencing mechanism of academic procrastination among nursing students. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of parental rearing patterns on academic procrastination of nursing students, and the mediating role of causal attribution and self-efficacy.
METHODS
Using Parental Bonding Instrument, Aitken Procrastination Inventory, Multidimensional Multi-Attribution Causality Scale and General Self-Efficiency Scale, the data of 683 nursing undergraduates from two universities in China were collected. Moreover, path analysis for structural equation modeling via AMOS 26.0 to evaluate mediation path model.
RESULTS
Positive parenting style was negatively associated with academic procrastination ( = -0.350) and negative parenting style was positively associated with academic procrastination ( = 0.402). Positive parenting style directly or indirectly predicted academic procrastination through the mediating effect of internal attributional style (β = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.04) and self-efficacy (β = -0.07, 95% CI: -0.11 to -0.03), and this mediating effect accounted for 41.46% of the total effect. Positive parenting style directly or indirectly predicted academic delay through the mediating effect of external attributional style (β = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.17) and self-efficacy (β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.08), and this mediating effect accounted for 42.5% of the total effect. In addition, causal attribution and self-efficacy of nursing students play a chain intermediary role between parenting style and academic procrastination.
CONCLUSION
Parents should give students more care and autonomy and reduce control. In addition, educators should give students attribution training, which is helpful to improve students' self-efficacy and reduce academic procrastination.
PubMed: 37496796
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1167660 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2018Research with infants and toddlers suggests that even early in development, humans evaluate others by considering the outcome of an action in relation to the intention...
Research with infants and toddlers suggests that even early in development, humans evaluate others by considering the outcome of an action in relation to the intention underlying it. When someone tries but fails to do a good deed, for example, it seems that it is "the thought that counts." However, research with slightly older children in the preschool years has produced mixed results: in some cases, children are solely considering the positive or negative outcome of an action when evaluating others, while in others, intention attributions are integrated. Such contradictory findings have prompted debate about the development of moral reasoning. Here, we examine extant research on early moral evaluation and propose that differences in the way that task procedures present intention and outcome information can (1) support or preclude young children's intention attribution and (2) alter the relative saliency or predominance of each kind of information. In turn, these differences would influence the frequency and degree to which young children generate intention-oriented moral evaluations.
PubMed: 30666225
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02663 -
Industrial Psychiatry Journal 2024Non-consensual pornography has become a growing concern, with potentially negative consequences for the victims. Victims of revenge porn are more likely to be blamed,... (Review)
Review
Non-consensual pornography has become a growing concern, with potentially negative consequences for the victims. Victims of revenge porn are more likely to be blamed, and understanding why and how blame is attributed toward victims of non-consensual pornography is crucial to support them and reduce the negative consequences. This study aimed to explore and synthesize the existing evidence on victim blaming in non-consensual pornography and the underlying psychosocial factors within the context of attribution framework. A comprehensive systematic review was conducted across four databases namely PubMed, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Scopus for English-language studies published from April 2012 to June 2022. Data from the selected studies were extracted and collated into the review matrix. Among the 22 full-text reviews, 10 records that met the eligibility criteria were included in the final review. Two themes namely "Culture and morality" and "gendered differences in attributions of blame" were derived from a thematic synthesis of 10 studies and reflected the psychosocial underpinnings of victim blaming. The review highlighted how cultural narratives and perceived immorality play a major role in how attributions are placed on self or others for victim blaming in "non-consensual pornography." Blame attributions emerging from gender stereotyping and gendered responsibilization within cultural and societal contexts were found to impact self-blame and compound victimization in non-consensual pornography. The study findings implicated that recognizing psychosocial underpinnings of victim blame attribution in revenge porn would allow for evolving suitable legislative and policy responses for designing effective educative and preventative strategies.
PubMed: 38853810
DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_166_23 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2021Polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor () gene are related to individual differences in negative emotions, such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. However, it remains...
Polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor () gene are related to individual differences in negative emotions, such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. However, it remains unclear what the potential roles of polymorphisms are in subjective well-being (SWB), which is negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. We examined attributional styles as mediator between SWB and five polymorphisms of the oxytocin receptor gene ( rs53576, rs2254298, rs1042778, rs2268494, and rs2268490) among 627 full-time college freshmen ( = 20.90, = 0.82 for male; = 20.81, = 0.92 for female) using structural equation modeling. The results showed that individuals with the rs2254298 AA genotype and rs53576 AA/GA genotype reported higher scores on SWB, which suggested that individuals with this genotype experienced more happiness. Moreover, external attributional style partially mediated the association between rs2254298 polymorphism and SWB ( = 0.019, 95% [0.001, 0.036], p = 0.035). In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that the genetic variations of played a role in the individual differences of SWB, and external attribution style could mediate the association.
PubMed: 35222513
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.763628 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Music enjoyment is considered to predict music-related academic performance and career choice. Although relevant research in non-music fields has demonstrated the...
Music enjoyment is considered to predict music-related academic performance and career choice. Although relevant research in non-music fields has demonstrated the association between teachers' autonomy support and students' academic enjoyment, it remains unknown whether this association is valid in the music discipline. In addition, in the post-COVID-19 era, online education has become a common way of teaching and learning for music undergraduates. In the form of online learning, the mechanisms mediating teachers' music autonomy support and students' music academic enjoyment are also unknown. This study draws on Pekrun's theory of achievement emotions and control values to explore the mediating role of attributions and values in the association between autonomous support and academic achievement. In this study, 270 undergraduates majoring in music eventually completed the online surveys. Results from structural equation modeling indicated that autonomy support positively predicted music enjoyment and that attributions (i.e., internal attribution and external attribution) and values (i.e., intrinsic value, attainment value, utility value) mediated the association between autonomy support and music enjoyment. The findings also provide insights into possible avenue for promoting music enjoyment emotion during online teaching in the post-COVID-19 era. Implications and limitations are discussed in the study.
PubMed: 36571004
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1062546 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Apr 2014This study tested the possible relationship between reported visual awareness ("I see a visual stimulus in front of me") and the social attribution of awareness to...
This study tested the possible relationship between reported visual awareness ("I see a visual stimulus in front of me") and the social attribution of awareness to someone else ("That person is aware of an object next to him"). Subjects were tested in two steps. First, in an fMRI experiment, subjects were asked to attribute states of awareness to a cartoon face. Activity associated with this task was found bilaterally within the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) among other areas. Second, the TPJ was transiently disrupted using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). When the TMS was targeted to the same cortical sites that had become active during the social attribution task, the subjects showed symptoms of visual neglect in that their detection of visual stimuli was significantly affected. In control trials, when TMS was targeted to nearby cortical sites that had not become active during the social attribution task, no significant effect on visual detection was found. These results suggest that there may be at least some partial overlap in brain mechanisms that participate in the social attribution of sensory awareness to other people and in attributing sensory awareness to oneself.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Awareness; Brain Mapping; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Social Behavior; Task Performance and Analysis; Time Factors; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Visual Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 24639542
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1401201111 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2023Leader humility has been linked to many positive outcomes but not examined in humanitarian aid work. Three studies examined the multilevel correlates, contributions, and...
OBJECTIVE
Leader humility has been linked to many positive outcomes but not examined in humanitarian aid work. Three studies examined the multilevel correlates, contributions, and consequences of leader humility in Medair-a large, multinational, faith-based aid organization. Study 1 examined correlates of leader humility in a sample of 308 workers and 167 leaders. Study 2 explored multilevel contributions of leader humility in 96 teams comprised of 189 workers. Study 3 utilized a subsample (50 workers, 34 leaders) to explore consequences of Time 1 leader and team humility on outcomes 6 months later.
METHOD
Participants completed measures of humility (general, relational, team), leader and team attributions (e.g., effectiveness, cohesion, and growth-mindedness), organizational outcomes (e.g., job engagement and satisfaction; worker and team performance), and psychological outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety, compassion satisfaction, and flourishing).
RESULTS
Leader and team humility contributed to multilevel positive attributions about leaders (as effective and impactful), teams (as cohesive, psychologically safe, and growth-minded), and oneself (as humble), and those attributions contributed to organizational and psychological outcomes. Teams' shared attributions of their leader's humility contributed to higher worker job satisfaction and team performance. Longitudinally, for workers and leaders, leader and team humility were associated with some positive organizational and psychological outcomes over time.
CONCLUSION
In humanitarian organizations, leader humility seems to act as an attributional and motivational social contagion that affects aid personnel's positive attributions about their leaders, teams, and themselves. In turn, these multilevel positive attributions contribute to several positive team, organizational, and psychological outcomes among workers and leaders.
PubMed: 38152564
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1188109 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2023The aim of the present study was to examine cyberbullies' attributions pertaining to their perpetration of cyberbullying, and how such attributions relate to their...
The aim of the present study was to examine cyberbullies' attributions pertaining to their perpetration of cyberbullying, and how such attributions relate to their cyberbullying behaviors six months later. Participants were 216 adolescents ( = 13.46, = 0.62 years; 55% female) from the suburbs of a large Midwestern city in the United States. They were interviewed face-to-face in the fall of 2018 concerning why they acted in negative ways toward peers online or through text messages. They also answered questionnaires regarding how often they perpetrated face-to-face bullying and cyberbullying during the fall of 2018 and spring of 2019. The attributions of revenge, convenience, anger, and anonymity each predicted cyberbullying at the second time point while controlling for face-to-face bullying perpetration. Results from this study provide important information to the literature regarding cyberbullies' attributions for perpetrating cyberbullying, and how such attributions predict future cyberbullying perpetration. These findings are important for the development of antibullying programs that might aim to change adolescents' attributions for cyberbullying perpetration to reduce continued engagement in these behaviors.
Topics: Cyberbullying; Humans; Male; Female; Adolescent; United States; Motivation; Sociological Factors; Bullying; Interviews as Topic; Social Behavior; Adolescent Behavior; Peer Group; Social Perception
PubMed: 37372670
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126083 -
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2023The accurate and comprehensive mapping of land cover has become a central task in modern environmental research, with increasing emphasis on machine learning approaches....
The accurate and comprehensive mapping of land cover has become a central task in modern environmental research, with increasing emphasis on machine learning approaches. However, a clear technical definition of the land cover class is a prerequisite for learning and applying a machine learning model. One of the challenging classes is naturalness and human influence, yet mapping it is important due to its critical role in biodiversity conservation, habitat assessment, and climate change monitoring. We present an interpretable machine learning approach to map patterns related to territorial protected and anthropogenic areas as proxies of naturalness and human influence using satellite imagery. To achieve this, we train a weakly-supervised convolutional neural network and subsequently apply attribution methods such as Grad-CAM and occlusion sensitivity mapping. We propose a novel network architecture that consists of an image-to-image network and a shallow, task-specific head. Both sub-networks are connected by an intermediate layer that captures high-level features in full resolution, allowing for detailed analysis with a wide range of attribution methods. We further analyze how intermediate layer activations relate to their attributions across the training dataset to establish a consistent relationship. This makes attributions consistent across different scenes and allows for a large-scale analysis of remote sensing data. The results highlight that our approach is a promising way to observe and assess naturalness and territorial protection.
PubMed: 38106982
DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1278118