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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021A key obstacle to the successful delivery of a probiotic to the consumer is maintaining viability of the live cells during storage, a challenge for the beneficial ....
A key obstacle to the successful delivery of a probiotic to the consumer is maintaining viability of the live cells during storage, a challenge for the beneficial . Three processes play a role in the reduction of viability: autolysis, cell death, and cell weakening. Using a phosphate induction model of autolysis, the initial aim of this project was to discover novel molecular determinants of autolysis in , with the long -term goal of elucidating new strategies for increasing viability. We employed a 2D Native/SDS-Page method to monitor changes in protein expression over time; however, the result was that excess phosphate did not induce noticeable changes in expression patterns. On the other hand, we found that pH affects both the rate of total viability and autolysis, as seen with other species of LAB. In addition, we found that the phosphate model of autolysis may not be sufficient to explain how autolysis is triggered in . Two parameters appear to modulate the pH in media containing cells: overall buffering capacity and the presence of a carbon source. Ultimately, phosphate sources appear to facilitate autolysis by maintaining pH in the media via a higher buffering capacity. In addition, the alkaline sugar free almond drink appears to be a promising possible preservative for .
PubMed: 34065120
DOI: 10.3390/foods10051026 -
Biomolecular Concepts Sep 2017Amphibian metamorphosis has historically attracted a good deal of scientific attention owing to its dramatic nature and easy observability. However, the genetic... (Review)
Review
Amphibian metamorphosis has historically attracted a good deal of scientific attention owing to its dramatic nature and easy observability. However, the genetic mechanisms of amphibian metamorphosis have not been thoroughly examined using modern techniques such as gene cloning, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction or genomic editing. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms underlying tadpole tail resorption.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Autolysis; Metamorphosis, Biological; Models, Biological; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Phagocytosis; Reptilian Proteins; Species Specificity; Tail; Xenopus
PubMed: 28873065
DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2017-0022 -
BioMed Research International 2021Autolysis is an internal phenomenon following the death of an organism that leads to the degradation of tissues. In order to explore the initial stages of autolysis and...
Autolysis is an internal phenomenon following the death of an organism that leads to the degradation of tissues. In order to explore the initial stages of autolysis and attempt to establish reference standards for tissue changes after death, we studied the rapidly autolyzing tissue of the crayfish hepatopancreas. Samples from the hepatopancreas of crayfish were examined 0, 5, 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after death. Histological and ultrapathological examinations and evaluations and apoptotic cell counts were conducted to determine the initiation time and degree of autolysis. The results showed that autolysis in the hepatopancreas of crayfish began within 5 minutes. Initially, autolysis manifested in the swelling of hepatic tubular cells and the widening of mesenchyme. Cells undergoing autolysis showed severe organelle necrolysis. Based on these observations, tissue samples should be collected and preserved within five minutes to avoid interfering with histopathological diagnoses.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Astacoidea; Autolysis; Body Size; Body Weight; Hepatopancreas; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Seafood; Time Factors
PubMed: 33521126
DOI: 10.1155/2021/2345878 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Feb 1975
Review
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Autolysis; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Heart Arrest; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypotension; Hypoxia; Hypoxia, Brain; Infarction; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Necrosis; Neurons; Oxygen; Vascular Resistance
PubMed: 1096912
DOI: 10.1093/bja/47.2.121 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2021In the brewing process, the consumption of resources and the amount of waste generated are high and due to a lot of organic compounds in waste-water, the capacity of... (Review)
Review
In the brewing process, the consumption of resources and the amount of waste generated are high and due to a lot of organic compounds in waste-water, the capacity of natural regeneration of the environment is exceeded. Residual yeast, the second by-product of brewing is considered to have an important chemical composition. An approach with nutritional potential refers to the extraction of bioactive compounds from the yeast cell wall, such as β-glucans. Concerning the potential food applications with better textural characteristics, spent brewer's yeast glucan has high emulsion stability and water-holding capacity fitting best as a fat replacer in different food matrices. Few studies demonstrate the importance and nutritional role of β-glucans from brewer's yeast, and even less for spent brewer's yeast, due to additional steps in the extraction process. This review focuses on describing the process of obtaining insoluble β-glucans (particulate) from spent brewer's yeast and provides an insight into how a by-product from brewing can be converted to potential food applications.
Topics: Autolysis; Bread; Cell Nucleus; Cell Wall; Cytokines; Cytoplasm; Elastic Modulus; Food Industry; Food Safety; Food Technology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Organic Chemicals; Polysaccharides; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Solubility; Stress, Mechanical; Temperature; Wastewater; Yogurt; beta-Glucans
PubMed: 33467670
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020825 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... Oct 2015Although some morphological investigations on aged human sublingual glands (HSG) found eventual phenomena identified as autolysis and mucous extravasation, the exact...
UNLABELLED
Although some morphological investigations on aged human sublingual glands (HSG) found eventual phenomena identified as autolysis and mucous extravasation, the exact meaning of these findings has not been elucidated.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this work is to investigate whether acinar autolysis and mucous extravasation are related to the aging process in human sublingual glands. We also speculate if autolytic changes may assist forensic pathologists in determining time of death.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
186 cadavers' glands were allocated to age groups: I (0-30 years); II (31-60), and III (61-90). Time and mode of death were also recorded. Acinar autolysis and mucous extravasation were classified as present or absent. Ultrastructural analysis was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Data were compared using Mann-Whitney U, Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (p<0.05).
RESULTS
There was correlation between age and acinar autolysis (r=0.38; p=0.0001). However, there was no correlation between autolysis and time of death. No differences were observed between genders. TEM showed mucous and serous cells presenting nuclear and membrane alterations and mucous cells were more susceptible to autolysis.
CONCLUSION
Acinar autolysis occurred in all age groups and increased with age while mucous extravasation was rarely found. Both findings are independent. Autolysis degrees in HSG could not be used to determine time of death.
Topics: Acinar Cells; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autolysis; Autopsy; Cadaver; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Middle Aged; Mucous Membrane; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sublingual Gland; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 26537715
DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150139 -
PloS One 2011The targeting of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm structures are now gaining interest as an alternative strategy for developing new types of antimicrobial agents. Magnolol...
BACKGROUND
The targeting of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm structures are now gaining interest as an alternative strategy for developing new types of antimicrobial agents. Magnolol (MOL) shows inhibitory activity against S. aureus biofilms and Triton X-100-induced autolysis in vitro, although there are no data regarding the molecular mechanisms of MOL action in bacteria.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
The molecular basis of the markedly reduced autolytic phenotype and biofilm inhibition triggered by MOL were explored using transcriptomic analysis, and the transcription of important genes were verified by real-time RT-PCR. The inhibition of autolysis by MOL was evaluated using quantitative bacteriolytic assays and zymographic analysis, and antibiofilm activity assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to elucidate the inhibition of biofilm formation caused by MOL in 20 clinical isolates or standard strains. The reduction in cidA, atl, sle1, and lytN transcript levels following MOL treatment was consistent with the induced expression of their autolytic repressors lrgA, lrgB, arlR, and sarA. MOL generally inhibited or reversed the expression of most of the genes involved in biofilm production. The growth of S. aureus strain ATCC 25923 in the presence of MOL dose-dependently led to decreases in Triton X-100-induced autolysis, extracellular murein hydrolase activity, and the amount of extracellular DNA (eDNA). MOL may impede biofilm formation by reducing the expression of cidA, a murein hydrolase regulator, to inhibit autolysis and eDNA release, or MOL may directly repress biofilm formation.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
MOL shows in vitro antimicrobial activity against clinical and standard S. aureus strains grown in planktonic and biofilm cultures, suggesting that the structure of MOL may potentially be used as a basis for the development of drugs targeting biofilms.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Autolysis; Bacteriolysis; Biofilms; Biphenyl Compounds; Lignans; Octoxynol; Staphylococcus aureus; Transcriptome
PubMed: 22046374
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026833 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2017In contrast to many nanotoxicity studies where nanoparticles (NPs) are observed to be toxic or reduce viable cells in a population of bacteria, we observed that...
In contrast to many nanotoxicity studies where nanoparticles (NPs) are observed to be toxic or reduce viable cells in a population of bacteria, we observed that increasing concentration of TiO NPs increased the cell survival of Bacillus subtilis in autolysis-inducing buffer by 0.5 to 5 orders of magnitude over an 8 hour exposure. Molecular investigations revealed that TiO NPs prevent or delay cell autolysis, an important survival and growth-regulating process in bacterial populations. Overall, the results suggest two potential mechanisms for the disruption of autolysis by TiO NPs in a concentration dependent manner: (i) directly, through TiO NP deposition on the cell wall, delaying the collapse of the protonmotive-force and preventing the onset of autolysis; and (ii) indirectly, through adsorption of autolysins on TiO NP, limiting the activity of released autolysins and preventing further lytic activity. Enhanced darkfield microscopy coupled to hyperspectral analysis was used to map TiO deposition on B. subtilis cell walls and released enzymes, supporting both mechanisms of autolysis interference. The disruption of autolysis in B. subtilis cultures by TiO NPs suggests the mechanisms and kinetics of cell death may be influenced by nano-scale metal oxide materials, which are abundant in natural systems.
Topics: Adsorption; Bacillus subtilis; Bacteriolysis; Cell Wall; Colony Count, Microbial; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Metal Nanoparticles; N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase; Peptidoglycan; Proton-Motive Force; Titanium
PubMed: 28303908
DOI: 10.1038/srep44308 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2022Coprinus comatus, widely known as "Jituigu", is an important commodity and food in China. The yield of C. comatus, however, is substantially reduced by the autolysis of...
Coprinus comatus, widely known as "Jituigu", is an important commodity and food in China. The yield of C. comatus, however, is substantially reduced by the autolysis of the fruiting bodies after harvest. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism underlying this autolysis, we divided the growth of C. comatus fruiting bodies into four stages: infant stage (I), mature stage (M), discolored stage (D), and autolysis stage (A). We then subjected these stages to de novo transcriptomic analysis using high-throughput Illumina sequencing. A total of 12,946 unigenes were annotated and analyzed with the Gene Ontology (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). We analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between stages I and M, M and D, and D and A. Because the changes from M to D are thought to be related to autolysis, we focused on the DEGs between these two stages. We found that the pathways related to metabolic activity began to vary in the transition from M to D, including pathways named as autophagy-yeast, peroxisome, and starch and sucrose metabolism. This study also speculates the possible process of the autolysis of Coprinus comatus. In addition, 20 genes of interest were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR to verify their expression profiles at the four developmental stages. This study, which is the first to describe the transcriptome of C. comatus, provides a foundation for future studies concerning the molecular basis of the autolysis of its fruiting bodies.
Topics: China; Coprinus; Food; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Ontology; Genes, Fungal; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35169137
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06103-z -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Feb 2017Plant development requires specific cells to be eliminated in a predictable and genetically regulated manner referred to as programmed cell death (PCD). However, the... (Review)
Review
Plant development requires specific cells to be eliminated in a predictable and genetically regulated manner referred to as programmed cell death (PCD). However, the target cells do not merely die but they also undergo autolysis to degrade their cellular corpses. Recent progress in understanding developmental cell elimination suggests that distinct proteins execute PCD sensu stricto and autolysis. In addition, cell death alone and cell dismantlement can fulfill different functions. Hence, it appears biologically meaningful to distinguish between the modules of PCD and autolysis during plant development.
Topics: Apoptosis; Autophagy; Plant Development
PubMed: 27936412
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.11.017