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Journal of Applied Microbiology Oct 2012To screen and select the Bacillus spp. from Tua-nao of northern Thailand for fermented corticate soybean meal (FCSBM) production.
AIMS
To screen and select the Bacillus spp. from Tua-nao of northern Thailand for fermented corticate soybean meal (FCSBM) production.
METHODS AND RESULTS
After isolation of Bacillus spp. from Tua-nao was carried out, cellulase, hemicellulases (i.e., β-mannanase and xylanase) and phytase production by isolated Bacillus spp. were determined. B. subtilis isolate MR10 showed the highest β-mannanase, xylanase and phytase production at 280, 41 and 16 U g(-1) substrate, respectively, while the highest cellulase production was found in TK8 at 25 U g(-1) substrate. FCSBMs produced by single starter and mixed starter of both isolates showed the better properties than those of corticate soybean meal (CSBM), i.e., higher in soluble sugar, protein and phosphate content, smaller sugar molecules and better digestibility and absorbability than those of CSBM. Moreover, FCSBMs had no toxicity effect on mouse fibroblast cell line (3T3) but had an inhibitory effect on lung cancer cell line (CorL23).
CONCLUSIONS
B. subtilis isolate MR10 and TK8 were selected for FCSBMs production because of their role as nutritional enhancer for CSBM and their safety.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The results of this study were useful for FCSBM production process that can be applied as feed ingredient for monogastric animals.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; 6-Phytase; Animal Feed; Animals; Bacillus; Cell Line, Tumor; Cellulase; Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Humans; Mice; Glycine max; Thailand; beta-Mannosidase
PubMed: 22788990
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05395.x -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Sep 2004Artisanal and industrial sausages were analyzed for their aerobic, heat-resistant microflora to assess whether new emerging pathogens could be present among Bacillus... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Artisanal and industrial sausages were analyzed for their aerobic, heat-resistant microflora to assess whether new emerging pathogens could be present among Bacillus strains naturally contaminating cured meat products. Sixty-four isolates were characterized by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP). The biotypes, identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, belonged to Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens species. Both RAPD-PCR and fAFLP analyses demonstrated that a high genetic heterogeneity is present in the B. subtilis group even in strains harvested from the same source, making it possible to isolate 56 different biotypes. Moreover, fAFLP analysis made it possible to distinguish B. subtilis from B. pumilus strains. The strains were characterized for their toxigenic potential by molecular, physiological, and immunological techniques. Specific PCR analyses revealed the absence of DNA sequences related to HBL, BcET, NHE, and entFM Bacillus cereus enterotoxins and the enzymes sphingomyelinase Sph and phospholipase PI-PLC in all strains; also, the immunological analyses showed that Bacillus strains did not react with NHE- and HBL-specific antibodies. However, some isolates were found to be positive for hemolytic and lecithinase activity. The absence of toxigenic potential in Bacillus strains from the sausages analyzed indicates that these products can be considered safe under the processing conditions they were produced; however, great care should be taken when the ripening time is shortened, particularly in the case of traditional sausages, which could contain high amounts of Bacillus strains and possibly some B. cereus cells.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus subtilis; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; Italy; Meat Products; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 15345396
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.9.5168-5176.2004 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Mar 2018Biologically produced 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) has diverse industrial applications. In this study, schematic isolation and screening procedures were designed to obtain...
Biologically produced 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) has diverse industrial applications. In this study, schematic isolation and screening procedures were designed to obtain generally regarded as safe (GRAS) and efficient 2,3-BDO producers. Over 4,000 candidate strains were isolated by pretreatment and enrichment, and the isolated strains were further screened by morphological, biochemical, and genomic analyses. The screened strains were then used to test the utilization of the most common carbon (glucose, xylose, fructose, sucrose) and nitrogen (yeast extract, corn steep liquor) sources for the economical production of 2,3-BDO. Two-stage fed-batch fermentation was finally carried out to enhance 2,3-BDO production. In consequence, a newly isolated GSC3102 strain produced 92.0 g/l of total 2,3-BDO with an overall productivity and yield of 1.40 g/l/h and 0.423 g/g glucose, respectively, using a cheap and abundant nitrogen source. These results strongly suggest that , which is found widely in nature, can be used as a host strain for the industrial fermentative production of 2,3-BDO.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus licheniformis; Batch Cell Culture Techniques; Butylene Glycols; Carbon; Culture Media; Fermentation; Genes, Bacterial; Industrial Microbiology; Nitrogen; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Republic of Korea; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 29212290
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1710.10038 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Aug 1999The word 'problem' is seen with some frequency in relation to clear differentiation between Bacillus anthracis and B. cereus. In fact, although the close relationship of... (Review)
Review
The word 'problem' is seen with some frequency in relation to clear differentiation between Bacillus anthracis and B. cereus. In fact, although the close relationship of these two species is undisputed, it is only in the case of a few borderline isolates, rarely encountered in practice, that any sort of identification problem exists. Until recently this was only important to the taxonomist who found it unsatisfactory not to be able to identify definitively such isolates. To most others, if the isolate was unable to produce anthrax in a laboratory animal, it was discarded as irrelevant without being named, or it was called B. cereus or given a name such as B. anthracis similis, or even a totally unrelated name. More recently, in view of the new light in which B. anthracis is increasingly seen, resulting from its putative association with bioaggression, clear identification has become a more critical issue. This paper reviews the current state of the art and suggests the way forward for the future.
Topics: Animals; Anthrax; Bacillus; Bacillus anthracis; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Genetic Variation; Genome, Bacterial; Humans
PubMed: 10475956
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00876.x -
Genomics Sep 2020The genus Bacillus constitutes a plethora of species that have medical, environmental, and industrial applications. While genus Bacillus has been the focus of several...
The genus Bacillus constitutes a plethora of species that have medical, environmental, and industrial applications. While genus Bacillus has been the focus of several studies where genomic data have been used to resolve many taxonomic issues, there still exist several ambiguities. Through the use of in-silico genome-based methods, we tried to resolve the taxonomic anomalies of a large set of Bacillus genomes (n = 178). We also proposed species names for uncharacterized strains and reported genome sequence of a novel isolate Bacillus sp. RL. In the hierarchical clustering on genome-to-genome distances, we observed 11 distinct monophyletic clusters and investigated the functional pathways annotated as the property of these clusters and core-gene content of the entire dataset. Thus, we were able to assert the possible outlier strains (n = 17) for this genus. Analyses of secondary metabolite potential of each strain helped us unravel still unexplored diversity for various biosynthetic genes.
Topics: Animals; Bacillus; Cattle; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Phylogeny; Secondary Metabolism
PubMed: 32512145
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.005 -
Journal of Bacteriology May 2012We sequenced four strains of Bacillus subtilis and the type strains for two closely related species, Bacillus vallismortis and Bacillus mojavensis. We report the...
We sequenced four strains of Bacillus subtilis and the type strains for two closely related species, Bacillus vallismortis and Bacillus mojavensis. We report the high-quality Sanger genome sequences of B. subtilis subspecies subtilis RO-NN-1 and AUSI98, B. subtilis subspecies spizizenii TU-B-10(T) and DV1-B-1, Bacillus mojavensis RO-H-1(T), and Bacillus vallismortis DV1-F-3(T).
Topics: Bacillus; Chromosomes, Bacterial; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data
PubMed: 22493193
DOI: 10.1128/JB.05675-11 -
Genomics Jan 20211-Deoxynojirumycin (1-DNJ) is a representative iminosugar with α-glucosidase inhibition (AGI) activity. In this study, the full genome sequencing of 1-DNJ-producing...
1-Deoxynojirumycin (1-DNJ) is a representative iminosugar with α-glucosidase inhibition (AGI) activity. In this study, the full genome sequencing of 1-DNJ-producing Bacillus velezensis K26 was performed. The genome consists of a circular chromosome (4,047,350 bps) with two types of putative virulence factors, five antibiotic resistance genes, and seven secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Genomic analysis of a wide range of Bacillus species revealed that a 1-DNJ biosynthetic gene cluster was commonly present in four Bacillus species (B. velezensis, B. pseudomycoides, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. atrophaeus). In vitro experiments revealed that the increased mRNA expression levels of the three 1-DNJ biosynthetic genes were closely related to increased AGI activity. Genomic comparison and alignment of multiple gene sequences indicated the conservation of the 1-DNJ biosynthetic gene cluster in each Bacillus species. This genomic analysis of Bacillus species having a 1-DNJ biosynthetic gene cluster could provide a basis for further research on 1-DNJ-producing bacteria.
Topics: 1-Deoxynojirimycin; Bacillus; Genes, Bacterial; Glucosamine; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Sequence Homology
PubMed: 33010389
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.061 -
Journal of Bacteriology Sep 1963Taylor, Martha J. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.) and Curtis B. Thorne. Transduction of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis by...
Taylor, Martha J. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.) and Curtis B. Thorne. Transduction of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis by each of two phages. J. Bacteriol. 86:452-461. 1963.-A second transducing bacteriophage, designated SP-15, was isolated from the same soil-sample culture filtrate that supplied the Bacillus subtilis transducing phage, SP-10, reported earlier from this laboratory. SP-10 and SP-15 differ serologically and in several other respects, but share the ability to propagate on B. subtilis W-23-S(r) (streptomycin-resistant) and B. licheniformis ATCC 9945a, and to mediate general transduction in either species when propagated homologously. Attempts to transduce between the species have failed. SP-10 forms plaques readily on both W-23-S(r) and 9945a; SP-15 forms minute plaques on W-23-S(r) and has shown no evidence of any lytic activity on 9945a. Maximal recoveries of prototrophic colonies from mixtures of SP-10 with auxotrophs of either W-23-S(r) or 9945a were obtained only when excess phage was neutralized by post-transduction treatment with specific phage antiserum. Such treatment was not necessary for maximal recovery of transductants effected by SP-15. Unlike SP-10, SP-15 propagated on W-23-S(r) did not transduce B. subtilis 168 (indole(-)). SP-15 transduced B. licheniformis more efficiently than did SP-10. Neither phage was able to transduce B. licheniformis as efficiently as it transduced B. subtilis. The differing influences of multiplicity of infection were compared for the two phages in both species.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus subtilis; Bacteriophages
PubMed: 14066421
DOI: 10.1128/jb.86.3.452-461.1963 -
PloS One 2020We evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentrations of clindamycin and erythromycin toward 98 Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from several types of fermented...
We evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentrations of clindamycin and erythromycin toward 98 Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from several types of fermented soybean foods manufactured in several districts of Korea. First, based on recent taxonomic standards for bacteria, the 98 strains were separated into 74 B. licheniformis strains and 24 B. paralicheniformis strains. Both species exhibited profiles of erythromycin resistance as an acquired characteristic. B. licheniformis strains exhibited acquired clindamycin resistance, while B. paralicheniformis strains showed unimodal clindamycin resistance, indicating an intrinsic characteristic. Comparative genomic analysis of five strains showing three different patterns of clindamycin and erythromycin resistance identified 23S rRNA (adenine 2058-N6)-dimethyltransferase gene ermC and spermidine acetyltransferase gene speG as candidates potentially involved in clindamycin resistance. Functional analysis of these genes using B. subtilis as a host showed that ermC contributes to cross-resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin, and speG confers resistance to clindamycin. ermC is located in the chromosomes of strains showing clindamycin and erythromycin resistance and no transposable element was identified in its flanking regions. The acquisition of ermC might be attributable to a homologous recombination. speG was identified in not only the five genome-analyzed strains but also eight strains randomly selected from the 98 test strains, and deletions in the structural gene or putative promoter region caused clindamycin sensitivity, which supports the finding that the clindamycin resistance of Bacillus species is an intrinsic property.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus subtilis; Base Sequence; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Genes, Bacterial; Genomics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 32271828
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231274 -
Journal of Food Protection Feb 2009The susceptibility of spores of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and avirulent Bacillus anthracis to treatment with hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, a...
The susceptibility of spores of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and avirulent Bacillus anthracis to treatment with hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid, a peroxy-fatty acid mixture, sodium hypochlorite, and acidified sodium chlorite was investigated. Results indicated that B. cereus spores may be reasonable predictors of B. anthracis spore inactivation by peroxyacetic acid-based biocides. However, B. cereus was not a reliable predictor of B. anthracis inactivation by the other biocides. In studies comparing B. cereus and B. subtilis, B. cereus spores were more resistant (by 1.5 to 2.5 log CFU) than B. subtilis spores to peroxyacetic acid, the peroxy-fatty acid mixture, and acidified sodium chlorite. Conversely, B. subtilis spores were more resistant than B. cereus spores to hydrogen peroxide. These findings indicated the relevance of side-by-side testing of target organisms and potential surrogates against categories of biocides to determine whether both have similar properties and to validate the use of the surrogate microorganisms.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; Colony Count, Microbial; Consumer Product Safety; Disinfectants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Food Contamination; Food Microbiology; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peracetic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite; Spores, Bacterial; Virulence
PubMed: 19350981
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.2.360