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Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1982
Review
Topics: Bacillus; Bacitracin; Bacteria; Cations; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Peptidoglycan
PubMed: 6752975
DOI: 10.1016/0163-7258(82)90054-7 -
The Medical Clinics of North America Sep 1970
Review
Topics: Bacitracin; Cell Membrane Permeability; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Staphylococcal Infections; Tyrothricin
PubMed: 4919152
DOI: No ID Found -
Cutis Aug 2005Bacitracin is an antibiotic widely used by both the medical profession and the general public. It is most commonly found in a variety of topical ointments and creams...
Bacitracin is an antibiotic widely used by both the medical profession and the general public. It is most commonly found in a variety of topical ointments and creams used after surgical procedures, for acute skin injuries, and for chronic wounds. The incidence of allergy to this agent has been increasing over the last 10 years, probably because of more frequent use. This article reviews basic information about bacitracin as an allergen, including sources of exposure, chemical composition, types of allergic reactions, and patch testing.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans
PubMed: 16209155
DOI: No ID Found -
Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 2017Bacitracin was discovered and named after a 7 year old American girl, Margaret Tracey in 1943 as Bacillus was isolated from her wounds. Bacillus licheniformis is usually... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Bacitracin was discovered and named after a 7 year old American girl, Margaret Tracey in 1943 as Bacillus was isolated from her wounds. Bacillus licheniformis is usually present in soil and bird feathers. This bacterium is most commonly present around back plumage and chest of birds. There are different types of bacitracin but the one most potent is Bacitracin A. Bacitracin induced proteins are localized in bacterial membrane. Production of antibiotic initially stopped, resumed by induction of bacitracin induced protein but after few mitotic divisions microbes reverted to their vulnerable state. Induction of protein ceases after 4th hour of stationary phase. Immobilization is necessary for economic, process convenience and stability of the cell. Moreover, immobilization increases the ability of the cell to produce product in high quantity.
CONCLUSION
Maximum production of antibiotic was noted at pH 8 after 4 hours of incubation at various glucose concentrations in shake flask fermentation at 30°C when immobilized in polyacrylamide gel. Increase in antibiotic activity was also found with increase in use of cells. Efforts have been made to alter heterocyclic metal binding subunit of bacitracin by synthesizing heterocyclic building blocks that can be coupled to linear decapeptide and consequently cyclization by PCPTE biodomain of bacitracin. Derivatives of bacitracin showed antimicrobial activities indicating the possibility of overcoming existing limitations just by altering their heterocyclic subunit. Bioactivity and stability can be increased by modifying peptide backbone of compounds.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacitracin; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Engineering; Industrial Microbiology; Mutagenesis
PubMed: 28699496
DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170711165914 -
Progress in Industrial Microbiology 1964
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The American Journal of Medicine Dec 1949
Topics: Bacitracin
PubMed: 15394609
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(49)90418-0 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Apr 2022SignificanceMany gram-positive organisms have evolved an elegant solution to sense and resist antimicrobial peptides that inhibit cell-wall synthesis. These organisms...
SignificanceMany gram-positive organisms have evolved an elegant solution to sense and resist antimicrobial peptides that inhibit cell-wall synthesis. These organisms express an unusual "Bce-type" adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that recognizes complexes formed between antimicrobial peptides and lipids involved in cell-wall biosynthesis. In this work, we provide the first structural snapshots of a Bce-type ABC transporter trapped in different conformational states. Our structures and associated biochemical data provide key insights into the novel target protection mechanism that these unusual ABC transporters use to sense and resist antimicrobial peptides. The studies described herein set the stage to begin developing a comprehensive molecular understanding of the diverse interactions between antimicrobial peptides and conserved resistance machinery found across most gram-positive organisms.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Bacitracin; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Membrane Transport Proteins
PubMed: 35349335
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123268119 -
Methods in Enzymology 1975
Topics: Bacillus; Bacitracin; Biological Assay; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Disc; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Methods; Micrococcus; Molecular Weight; Multienzyme Complexes; Peptide Synthases
PubMed: 1134372
DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(75)43117-2 -
Archives of Dermatology May 1978
Topics: Administration, Topical; Anaphylaxis; Bacitracin; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Skin Transplantation; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 348120
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbial Pathogenesis Dec 2020Bacitracin has well familiar effects on growth and colonization of bacteria but its antibiofilm action on majority of bacteria is still not studied. Bacitracin is a...
Bacitracin has well familiar effects on growth and colonization of bacteria but its antibiofilm action on majority of bacteria is still not studied. Bacitracin is a bactericidal antibiotic that primarily acts on Gram positive bacteria by obstructing the process of cell wall synthesis. In this study, we have investigated antibiofilm potential and the mechanism of bacitracin against a cariogenic bacteria 'Streptococcus mutans' which has not been reported so far. Bacitracin has been found to affect propensity of S. mutans to form biofilm. On treatment with sub-MIC concentration of bacitracin resulted in significant reduction in bifilm formation as evaluated by crystal violet and congo red assays. The architecture of S. mutans biofilm was observed by scanning electron microscopy which revealed astonishing phenotype of biofilm. Deficient biofilm was found to be composed of abnormally elongated cells. Transmission electron microscopy showed multiple septa formation in each cell of biofilm thereby indicating, cell division defect as the most probable cause of cell elongation. To elucidate the effect of bacitracin on molecular level, expression profiling of genes critically important for cell division and biofilm formation was performed, which were found many folds downregulated. Bacitracin at very low concentration has been found to have potent antibiofilm activity, therefore is a potential antibiofilm agent to treat oral biofilms. It is being anticipated, this study will offer novel information to identify potential targets and effectively creates true innovation to understand the biofilm's basic biology. Besides, discovering new uses for currently marketed drugs makes commercial as well as research sense.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Biofilms; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32512154
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104279