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Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Peanut , commonly referred to as or , is caused by a range of species. A strain of bacteria (named TG5) was isolated from crop rhizosphere soil in Mount Taishan,...
Peanut , commonly referred to as or , is caused by a range of species. A strain of bacteria (named TG5) was isolated from crop rhizosphere soil in Mount Taishan, Shandong Province, China, through whole genome sequencing that TG5 was identified as , which can specifically produce chloramphenicol, bacitracin, clarithromycin, lichen VKA and bacitracin, with good biological control potential. Based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry metabonomics analysis and transcriptome conjoint analysis, the mechanism of TG5 and carbendazim inducing peanut plants to resist stress was studied. In general, for peanut caused by , TG5 has greater advantages than carbendazim and is environmentally friendly. These findings provide new insights for peanut crop genetics and breeding, and for microbial pesticides to replace traditional highly toxic and highly polluting chemical pesticides. Based on the current background of agricultural green cycle and sustainable development, it has significant practical significance and broad application prospects.
PubMed: 38725557
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251660 -
Poultry Science Apr 2024Honokiol is a multifunctional polyphenol present in Magnolia officinalis. The effects of honokiol as a supplement in broiler chicken diets, and the underlying...
Honokiol is a multifunctional polyphenol present in Magnolia officinalis. The effects of honokiol as a supplement in broiler chicken diets, and the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of honokiol on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chickens and to explore the underlying mechanisms. In total, 240 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments, with 6 replicate pens and 8 birds per pen. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (blank control, BC), 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg honokiol (H100, H200, and H400), or 200 mg/kg bacitracin zinc (PC) for 42 d. The results showed that H200 and H400 increased body weight gain (BWG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter period (P < 0.05). H100 and H200 increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in the serum and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) amount in the jejunum on d 42 (P < 0.05). Moreover, H100 increased villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in both the jejunum and ileum on d 21 (P < 0.05). PCR analysis showed that honokiol upregulated intestinal expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and downregulated intestinal expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on d 42 (P < 0.05). The Shannon index, which represents the microbial alpha diversity, was reduced for the PC, H200, and H400 groups. Notably, honokiol treatment altered the cecal microbial community structure and promoted the enrichment of several bacteria, including Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Higher production of short-chain fatty acids was observed in the cecal digesta of H100 birds, accompanied by an enriched glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, according to the functional prediction of the cecal microbiota. This study provides evidence that honokiol improves growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of broiler chickens, possibly by manipulating the composition and function of the microbial community.
PubMed: 38703759
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103798 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a group of lymphoproliferative disorders of skin-homing T cells causing chronic inflammation. These disorders cause impairment of...
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a group of lymphoproliferative disorders of skin-homing T cells causing chronic inflammation. These disorders cause impairment of the immune environment, which leads to severe infections and/or sepsis due to dysbiosis. In this study, we elucidated the host-microbial interaction in CTCL that occurs during the phototherapeutic treatment regime and determined whether modulation of the skin microbiota could beneficially affect the course of CTCL. EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells were intradermally grafted on the back of C57BL/6 mice. Animals were treated with conventional therapeutics such as psoralen + UVA (PUVA) or UVB in the presence or absence of topical antibiotic treatment (neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B sulphate) as an adjuvant. Microbial colonisation of the skin was assessed to correlate with disease severity and tumour growth. Triple antibiotic treatment significantly delayed tumour occurrence ( = 0.026), which prolonged the survival of the mice (= 0.033). Allocation to phototherapeutic agents PUVA, UVB, or none of these, along with antibiotic intervention, reduced the tumour growth significantly ( = 0.0327, ≤ 0.0001, ≤ 0.0001 respectively). The beta diversity indices calculated using the Bray-Curtis model showed that the microbial population significantly differed after antibiotic treatment (= 0.001). Upon modulating the skin microbiome by antibiotic treatment, we saw an increase in commensal species, e.g., sp. ( = 0.0008), sp. (= 0.0001)., sp. (= 0.007) and a significant reduction in facultative pathogens sp. ( = 0.0009), sp. (= 0.0306), sp. (≥ 0.0001), sp. (= 0.0358), and sp. (= 0.0237). Intriguingly, we observed a significant decrease in frequency (= 0.0001) but an increase in the overall detection frequency of the genus, indicating that antibiotic treatment helped regain the microbial balance and increased the number of non-pathogenic populations. These study findings show that modulating microbiota by topical antibiotic treatment helps to restore microbial balance by diminishing the numbers of pathogenic microbes, which, in turn, reduces chronic inflammation, delays tumour growth, and increases survival rates in our CTCL model. These findings support the rationale to modulate the microbial milieu during the disease course of CTCL and indicate its therapeutic potential.
Topics: Animals; Microbiota; Mice; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Disease Models, Animal; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Female; Humans
PubMed: 38646524
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1255859 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Jan 2024In cariology studies, mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) agar has been commonly considered as the selective medium for Streptococcusmutans growth. The present study was... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
In cariology studies, mitis-salivarius-bacitracin (MSB) agar has been commonly considered as the selective medium for Streptococcusmutans growth. The present study was the part of a funded project (a noninferiority randomized controlled trial) which compared the efficacy of a plant extract-based mouth rinse with that of a fluoride mouth rinse on the S.mutans counts of the children.
AIM
This study aimed to identify the frequency of detection of S.mutans and nonstreptococcal bacterial species from the dental plaque of caries active children using a combined technique of anaerobic culture and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.
SETTINGS AND METHODS
Caries-active children (8-12 years old) were enrolled from a pediatric dental outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital. From each participant, dental plaque samples were collected from carious surfaces under sterilized conditions and then subjected to anaerobic culture. After 48 h of incubation, the bacterial colonies were isolated by sub-culture and identified by the MALDI-TOF.
RESULTS
In all, 13 different bacterial species were isolated from the MSB agar medium. Other than S.mutans species, colonies of bacterial species such as Veillonelladispar,Streptococcusanginosus, Veillonellaparvula, and Streptococcusgordonii were also frequently observed from the medium.
CONCLUSIONS
The study concluded that several bacterial strains, both streptococcal and nonstreptococcal, could be isolated from the MSB agar medium; hence, this medium should no longer be considered selective medium for the culture of S.mutans in clinical and epidemiological studies.
Topics: Child; Humans; Agar; Bacitracin; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Plaque; Mouthwashes; Dental Caries
PubMed: 38616422
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_17_24 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2024This study was designed to assess the effect of ginger root extract (GRE) supplementation on the oxidative status and intestinal mucosal development in broiler chickens...
This study was designed to assess the effect of ginger root extract (GRE) supplementation on the oxidative status and intestinal mucosal development in broiler chickens for 6 weeks. Day-old chicks (Ross 708 strain, = 432) were distributed into six treatments with six replicate of twelve birds each: Negative CON (basal), MX (basal diet + bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) 0.055 g/kg diet), GRE-1 (basal diet + 0.375% GRE), GRE-2 (basal diet + 0.75% GRE), GRE-3 (basal diet + 1.5% GRE), GRE-4 (basal diet + 3% GRE). Growth indices, goblets cell count, mucin (MUC2) in ileum tissue, antioxidant (SOD, CAT, and GPX) in ileum and liver, biological antioxidant potential (BAP), and reactive oxygen metabolite level in blood and intestinal villi measurement were determined. Body weight (BW) was highest ( < 0.05) in all groups except GRE-4, body weight gain (BWG) was best in GRE-1, while FCR was least in all groups except GRE-4. Optimum MUC2 gene expression, SOD, CAT, blood antioxidants, and intestinal morphometric values were observed in GRE-3. The inclusion of ginger root extract up to 1.5% improved growth and reduced oxidative stress while enhancing mucosal development in broiler chicks.
PubMed: 38612323
DOI: 10.3390/ani14071084 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024A serine protease called prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) hydrolyses the peptide bonds on the carboxy side of the proline ring. The excessive PEP expression in brain results...
A serine protease called prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) hydrolyses the peptide bonds on the carboxy side of the proline ring. The excessive PEP expression in brain results in neurodegenerative illnesses like dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Results of the prior studies on antioxidant activity, and the non-cytotoxic effect of bi-carbazole-linked triazoles, encouraged us to extend our studies towards its anti-diabetic potential. Hence, for this purpose all compounds 1-9 were evaluated to reveal their anti-prolyl endo peptidase activity. Fortunately, seven compounds resulted into significant inhibitory capability ranging from 26 to 63 µM. Among them six compounds 4-9 exhibited more potent inhibitory activity with IC values 46.10 ± 1.16, 42.30 ± 1.18, 37.14 ± 1.21, 26.29 ± 0.76, 28.31 ± 0.64 and 31.11 ± 0.84 µM respectively, while compound 3 was the least active compound in the series with IC value 63.10 ± 1.58 µM comparing with standard PEP inhibitor bacitracin (IC = 125 ± 1.50 µM). Moreover, mechanistic study was performed for the most active compounds 7 and 8 with K values 24.10 ± 0.0076 and 23.67 ± 0.0084 µM respectively. Further, the in silico studies suggested that the compounds exhibited potential interactions and significant molecular conformations, thereby elucidating the structural basis for their inhibitory effects.
Topics: Peptide Hydrolases; Triazoles; Prolyl Oligopeptidases; Serine Endopeptidases; Carbazoles; Structure-Activity Relationship; Molecular Docking Simulation
PubMed: 38561470
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58428-6 -
Poultry Science May 2024To develop effective antibiotics alternatives is getting more and more important to poultry healthy production. The study investigated the effects of a microencapsulated...
Effects of microencapsulated essential oils and organic acids preparation on growth performance, slaughter characteristics, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microenvironment of broiler chickens.
To develop effective antibiotics alternatives is getting more and more important to poultry healthy production. The study investigated the effects of a microencapsulated essential oils and organic acids preparation (EOA) on growth performance, slaughter performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microenvironment of broilers. A total of 624 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups including the control group (T1) fed with basal diet, the antibiotic group (T2) supplemented with basal diet with 45 mg/kg bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), and 4 inclusion levels of EOA-treated groups (T3, T4, T5, T6 groups) chickens given basal diet with 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg EOA/kg of diet, respectively. Results showed that compared with the control, the 200 mg/kg EOA group increased average daily gain (ADG) and average body weight (ABW) during the early stage (P < 0.05). EOA addition decreased crypt depth of the ileum (P < 0.05), but villus height to crypt depth ratio was increased by EOA addition at 200 and 400 mg/kg at d 21 (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, dietary addition EOA at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg increased the lipase activity in the duodenum at d 21 (P < 0.05). Increased lactic acid bacteria population was found in cecal digesta of the 400 mg/kg EOA group at d 21 (P < 0.05), and higher concentration of butyric acid level was observed in cecal digesta at d 21 and d 42 in the 200 mg/kg EOA group compared with the control (P < 0.05). RT-PCR analysis found that dietary EOA addition decreased the gene expression of IL-1β, COX-2 and TGF-β4 in the ileum at d 21 (P < 0.05), while only the 200 mg/kg EOA increased the gene expression of IL-10, TGF-β4, Claudin-1, ZO-1, CATH-1, CATH-3, AvBD-1, AvBD-9 and AvBD-12 in the ileum at d 42 (P < 0.05) compared with the control. In summary, adding 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the EOA to the diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal microenvironment through improving intestinal morphology, increasing digestive enzymes activity and cecal lactic acid bacteria abundance and butyric acid content, improving intestinal barrier function as well as maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. The improving effect induced by EOA addition in the early growth stage was better than that in the later growth stage. Overall, the EOA product might be an effective antibiotic alternative for broiler industry.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Animal Feed; Male; Diet; Oils, Volatile; Digestion; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Dietary Supplements; Intestines; Random Allocation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Compounding; Nutrients
PubMed: 38537402
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103655 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry... Apr 2024Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the role of the dynamics of biomolecules decoupled from solvent effects....
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the role of the dynamics of biomolecules decoupled from solvent effects. Lyophilized sucrose exhibited steadily increasing absorption with temperature as anharmonic excitations commenced as the system emerged from a deep minimum of the potential energy landscape where harmonic vibrations dominate. The polypeptide bacitracin and two globular proteins, lysozyme and human serum albumin, showed a more complex temperature dependence. Further analysis focused on the spectral signature below and above the boson peak. We found evidence of the onset of anharmonic motions that are characteristic for partial unfolding and molecular jamming in the dry biomolecules. The activation of modes of the protein molecules at temperatures comparable to the protein dynamical transition temperature was observed in the absence of hydration. No evidence of Fröhlich coherence, postulated to facilitate biological function, was found in our experiments.
Topics: Humans; Proteins; Solvents; Temperature; Water
PubMed: 38527099
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03584 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Bioactive plants such as , , and might improve intestinal health as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The objective of this study was to determine the...
Bioactive plants such as , , and might improve intestinal health as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extracts (EEs) of these plants on the intestinal health of broiler chickens. Cobb 500 chickens ( = 352) were distributed into eight treatments with four replicates and 11 chickens each. T1 received a base diet, and T2 received a base diet with 0.005% zinc bacitracin. T3, T5, and T7 were supplemented with 0.005% of , , and EE in the diet while T4, T6, and T8 with 0.01% of the extract. The EEs were supplemented with drinking water from 1 to 26 days of age. The following parameters were evaluated: hematological profiles at 28 days of age, blood metabolites profiles at 14, 21, and 28 days; , , and sp. abundance in the ileum mucosa and content at 21 and 28 days, and histomorphometry of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum mucosa at 14, 21, and 28 d. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion rate (FCR) were evaluated at seven, 21, and 33 days of age. and EE at 0.01% increased blood glucose levels at 21 and 28 days of age, respectively, and and EE at 0.01% increased triglycerides at 28 days of age; in addition, this EE did not have any effect on the AST and ALT profiles. The depths of the Lieberkühn crypts and the villi length to the crypt's depth ratio increased with age on supplementation with 0.01% and EE at 21 days of age ( < 0.05). In addition, the depth of the crypts increased at 28 days of age ( < 0.05) in chickens supplemented with 0.01% EE. The 0.01% EE in diet decreased in the population in the ileal microbiota ( < 0.05). The FW and WG during the fattening and in the three stages overall increased, and the FCR decreased; however, the FI and the carcass yield did not change in the broiler chickens supplemented with 0.01% EE ( < 0.05). Conclusively, the EE at 0.01% of the diet improved intestinal health and thus the performance indices of the broiler chickens and did not have a detrimental effect on any of the parameters evaluated, so it is postulated as a potential alternative to AGP in poultry.
PubMed: 38511194
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1286152 -
Journal of Food Protection May 2024Bacitracin is an antimicrobial used in the feed or water of poultry in the U.S. for the prevention, treatment, and control of clostridial diseases such as necrotic...
Bacitracin is an antimicrobial used in the feed or water of poultry in the U.S. for the prevention, treatment, and control of clostridial diseases such as necrotic enteritis. Concern has been raised that bacitracin can select for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria that can be transmitted to humans and subsequently cause disease that is more difficult to treat because of the resistance. The objective of the present study was to perform a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) to estimate the potential risk in the U.S. of human infection with antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium derived from chicken and turkey products as a result of bacitracin usage in U.S. poultry. The modeling approach estimated the annual number of healthcare-associated enterococcal infections in the U.S. that would be resistant to antimicrobial therapy and that would be derived from poultry sources because of bacitracin use in poultry. Parameter estimates were developed to be "maximum risk" to overestimate the risk to humans. While approximately 60% of E. faecalis and E. faecium derived from poultry were predicted to possess bacitracin resistance based on the presence of the bcrABDR gene locus, very few human-derived isolates possessed this trait. Furthermore, no vancomycin or linezolid-resistant strains of E. faecalis or E. faecium were detected in poultry sources between the years 2002 and 2019. The model estimated the number of antimicrobial-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium cases per year that might resist therapy due to bacitracin use in poultry as 0.86 and 0.14, respectively, which translates to an annual risk estimate for E. faecalis of less than 1 in 350 million and for E. faecium of less than 1 in 2 billion for members of the U.S. population. Even with the use of risk-maximizing assumptions, the results indicate that there is a high probability that the use of bacitracin according to label instructions in U.S. poultry presents a negligible risk to human health.
Topics: Bacitracin; Animals; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Risk Assessment; Enterococcus faecalis; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Poultry; Chickens; Enterococcus faecium
PubMed: 38492644
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100267