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Microbiological Reviews Mar 1988
Review
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Toxins; Bacteroides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Virulence
PubMed: 3280965
DOI: 10.1128/mr.52.1.134-152.1988 -
Infection and Immunity Apr 1982Peptidoglycans of organisms belonging to the strictly anaerobic family Bacteroidaceae were investigated for the presence of lanthionine. Different procedures for the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Peptidoglycans of organisms belonging to the strictly anaerobic family Bacteroidaceae were investigated for the presence of lanthionine. Different procedures for the quantitation of lanthionine were compared. Performic acid and peroxide oxidation procedures on 35S-labeled peptidoglycan from Fusobacterium nucleatum Fev1 resulted in low yields of cysteic acid (42 and 60%, respectively) and many other additional unidentified oxidation products. Lanthionine was, however, recovered in high yield (89% or more) from acid hydrolysates of unoxidized peptidoglycans. Lanthionine was found exclusively in some species of Fusobacterium, in particular F. nucleatum, F. necrophorum, F. russi, and F. gonidiaformans, for which lanthionine may be ascribed a function as a taxonomic marker. Peptidoglycans of these bacteria are thus proposed to belong to a new chemotype, assigned A1 delta. One strain of Fusobacterium, F. mortiferum VPI 0473 contained both lanthionine and diaminopimelic acid in about equal proportions. Species of F.plauti had a composition atypic of gram-negative cells. Chemotypic differences were also indicated among the species of Bacteroides investigated. Thus, some species contained lysine and not diaminopimelic acid as the major dibasic amino acid (e.g., F. asaccharolyticus). It is concluded that peptidoglycans of gram-negative organisms constitute a somewhat more heterogeneous group than hitherto assumed.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Bacteroidaceae; Bacteroides; Fusobacterium; Galactosamine; Glucosamine; Peptidoglycan; Stereoisomerism; Sulfides
PubMed: 7076290
DOI: 10.1128/iai.36.1.114-122.1982 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2022Periodontitis and arterial hypertension are two of the pathologies with the highest global prevalence; evidence reported so far has been favorable to an association...
Periodontitis and arterial hypertension are two of the pathologies with the highest global prevalence; evidence reported so far has been favorable to an association between them. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate and compare the microbiological counts of hypertensive and normotensive patients with periodontitis. Sociodemographic, behavioral, systemic health data and periodontal clinical parameters were assessed. Counts of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using subgingival biofilm samples. Thirty-eight patients were included in this preliminary analysis, divided into two groups: Normotensive Group (NG) (n = 14) and Hypertensive Group (HG) (n = 24). Patients diagnosed with periodontitis composed both groups. Data analysis was performed with significance level of 5%. There was no significant difference between groups for clinical periodontitis diagnosis. In addition, hypertensive individuals had higher P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, and F. nucleatum counts when compared to normotensive individuals. The parameters probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and A. actinomycetemcomitans count did not presented statistical differences between groups. With these preliminary results, it can be concluded that the presence of arterial hypertension may be associated with a greater quantity of periodontopathogenic bacterial of some species in individuals with periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Pilot Projects; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Cross-Sectional Studies; Periodontitis; Hypertension; Prevotella intermedia
PubMed: 36287500
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204914 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2023To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
METHODS
Pan-genome analyses of 66, 33 and 5 publicly available whole-genome sequences of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, respectively, were performed using Pan-genome Analysis Pipeline software (version 1.2.1; Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the entire pan-genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the core genome. The distribution and abundance of virulence genes in the core and dispensable genomes were also compared in the three species.
RESULTS
All three species possess an open pan-genome. The core genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens included 1001, 1514 and 1745 orthologous groups, respectively, which were mainly related to basic cellular functions such as metabolism. The dispensable genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens was composed of 2814, 2689 and 906 orthologous groups, respectively, and it was enriched in genes involved in pathogenicity or with unknown functions. Phylogenetic trees presented a clear separation of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, verifying the reclassification of the black-pigmented species. Furthermore, the three species shared almost the same virulence factors involved in adhesion, proteolysis and evasion of host defences. Some of these virulence genes were conserved across species whereas others belonged to the dispensable genome, which might be acquired through horizontal gene transfer.
CONCLUSION
This study highlighted the usefulness of pan-genome analysis to infer evolutionary cues for black-pigmented species, indicating their homology and phylogenomic diversity.
Topics: Prevotella; Phylogeny; Prevotella intermedia; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella nigrescens
PubMed: 37395521
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4128023 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021The non-enzymatic addition of glucose (glycation) to circulatory and tissue proteins is a ubiquitous pathophysiological consequence of hyperglycemia in diabetes. Given...
The non-enzymatic addition of glucose (glycation) to circulatory and tissue proteins is a ubiquitous pathophysiological consequence of hyperglycemia in diabetes. Given the high incidence of periodontitis and diabetes and the emerging link between these conditions, it is of crucial importance to define the basic virulence mechanisms employed by periodontopathogens such as in mediating the disease process. The aim of this study was to determine whether glycated proteins are more easily utilized by to stimulate growth and promote the pathogenic potential of this bacterium. We analyzed the properties of three commonly encountered proteins in the periodontal environment that are known to become glycated and that may serve as either protein substrates or easily accessible heme sources. In vitro glycated proteins were characterized using colorimetric assays, mass spectrometry, far- and near-UV circular dichroism and UV-visible spectroscopic analyses and SDS-PAGE. The interaction of glycated hemoglobin, serum albumin and type one collagen with cells or HmuY protein was examined using spectroscopic methods, SDS-PAGE and co-culturing with human keratinocytes. We found that glycation increases the ability of to acquire heme from hemoglobin, mostly due to heme sequestration by the HmuY hemophore-like protein. We also found an increase in biofilm formation on glycated collagen-coated abiotic surfaces. We conclude that glycation might promote the virulence of by making heme more available from hemoglobin and facilitating bacterial biofilm formation, thus increasing pathogenic potential in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Diabetes Complications; Erythrocytes; Glycosylation; Heme; Hemeproteins; Hemoglobins; Horses; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 34769513
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112084 -
The EMBO Journal Dec 2021Prevotella copri is a prevalent inhabitant of the human gut and has been associated with plant-rich diet consumption and diverse health states. The underlying genetic...
Prevotella copri is a prevalent inhabitant of the human gut and has been associated with plant-rich diet consumption and diverse health states. The underlying genetic basis of these associations remains enigmatic due to the lack of genetic tools. Here, we developed a novel versatile genetic toolbox for rapid and efficient genetic insertion and allelic exchange applicable to P. copri strains from multiple clades. Enabled by the genetic platform, we systematically investigated the specificity of polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) and identified four highly conserved PULs for utilizing arabinan, pectic galactan, arabinoxylan, and inulin, respectively. Further genetic and functional analysis of arabinan utilization systems illustrate that P. copri has evolved two distinct types of arabinan-processing PULs (PUL ) and that the type-II PUL is significantly enriched in individuals consuming a vegan diet compared to other diets. In summary, this genetic toolbox will enable functional genetic studies for P. copri in future.
Topics: Diet, Vegetarian; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genetic Loci; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Polysaccharides; Prevotella
PubMed: 34676563
DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108287 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2021Periodontal bacteria that have been studied show a strong connection to various vascular diseases. Among the many kinds of periodontal bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis...
Pathological and immunological differences of arterial thrombi and wall caused by three different periodontal bacterial injections in rat models and proposals on the pathogeneses of vascular diseases.
OBJECTIVES
Periodontal bacteria that have been studied show a strong connection to various vascular diseases. Among the many kinds of periodontal bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is well examined in the general aspects and in a rat model. However, whether other periodontal bacteria work or react differently is not studied well.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We chose Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) as different types of periodontal bacteria. Low-density and high-density bacterial solutions were injected in the small artery of rats' groins using our rat model. Eighteen limbs of 9 SD male rats (500-650 g) were used. After 7 days, 14-18 days, and 28 days, the rats were sacrificed. A pathological and an immuno-histochemical study was conducted and reported on the low-density group with 12 limbs because the Pi group lacked a high-density study. Immuno-histochemical staining of live Pg was performed on three limbs of three rats at 1 h, 3 h, and 1 week after injection.
RESULTS
The appearances from the acute, at 7 days, to chronic phases, at 28 days, were observed. The differences of the species were certainly observed in the internal elastic lamina (IEL), and immuno-histochemical reactions. The inflammatory reactions, such as cellular distribution or intra-thrombus materials, were similar in all. One week later, we could not see any living bacteria in the specimen or immunological observation.
CONCLUSIONS
The three species were essentially the same, except for Aa's stronger disruption of IEL, and more CD3 (Pan T cell) in Pi and more CD79a (Pan B cell) in Pg. We propose a new concept of a possible mechanism of vascular diseases, in which the work of LPS (lipopolysaccharides) and a toll-like receptor (TLR) is emphasized.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Animals; Arteries; Humans; Male; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Rats; Thrombosis
PubMed: 33463085
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.391 -
Journal of Periodontology Oct 2020Epidemiological studies have identified an association between periodontitis and Alzheimer disease (AD); however, the nature of this association has been unclear. Recent...
Epidemiological studies have identified an association between periodontitis and Alzheimer disease (AD); however, the nature of this association has been unclear. Recent work suggests that brain colonization by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis may link these two inflammatory and degenerative conditions. Evidence of P. gingivalis infiltration has been detected in autopsy specimens from the brains of people with AD and in cerebrospinal fluid of individuals diagnosed with AD. Gingipains, a class of P. gingivalis proteases, are found in association with neurons, tau tangles, and beta-amyloid in specimens from the brains of individuals with AD. The brains of mice orally infected with P. gingivalis show evidence of P. gingivalis infiltration, along with various neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Oral administration of gingipain inhibitors to mice with established brain infections decreases the abundance of P. gingivalis DNA in brain and mitigates the neurotoxic effects of P. gingivalis infection. Thus, gingipain inhibition could provide a potential approach to the treatment of both periodontitis and AD.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Humans; Mice; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 32533852
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.20-0104 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2008The capacity of certain pathogens to exploit innate immune receptors enables them to undermine immune clearance and persist in their host, often causing disease. Here we... (Review)
Review
The capacity of certain pathogens to exploit innate immune receptors enables them to undermine immune clearance and persist in their host, often causing disease. Here we review subversive interactions of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal pathogen, with the complement receptor-3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18) in monocytes/macrophages. Through its cell surface fimbriae, P. gingivalis stimulates Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) inside-out signaling which induces the high-affinity conformation of CR3. Although this activates CR3-dependent monocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration, P. gingivalis has co-opted this TLR2 proadhesive pathway for CR3 binding and intracellular entry. In CR3-deficient macrophages, the internalization of P. gingivalis is reduced twofold but its ability to survive intracellularly is reduced 1,000-fold, indicating that CR3 is exploited by the pathogen as a relatively safe portal of entry. The interaction of P. gingivalis fimbriae with CR3 additionally inhibits production of bioactive (p70) interleukin-12, which mediates immune clearance. In vivo blockade of CR3 leads to reduced persistence of P. gingivalis in the mouse host and diminished ability to cause periodontal bone loss, the hallmark of periodontal disease. Strikingly, the ability of P. gingivalis to interact with and exploit CR3 depends upon quantitatively minor components (FimCDE) of its fimbrial structure, which predominantly consists of polymerized fimbrillin (FimA). Indeed, isogenic mutants lacking FimCDE but expressing FimA are dramatically less persistent and virulent than the wildtype organism both in vitro and in vivo. This model of immune evasion through CR3 exploitation by P. gingivalis supports the concept that pathogens evolved to manipulate innate immune function for promoting their adaptive fitness.
Topics: Animals; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Immunity, Innate; Macrophage-1 Antigen; Mice; Models, Immunological; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Virulence
PubMed: 19025124
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-78952-1_15 -
Journal of Diabetes Research 2022To explore the characteristics and analyze the gut microbiota in female patients with diabetic microvascular complications (DMC).
OBJECTIVE
To explore the characteristics and analyze the gut microbiota in female patients with diabetic microvascular complications (DMC).
METHODS
Thirty-seven female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in the study. These patients were divided into DM group with microvascular complications (T2DM-MC, = 17) and no microvascular complications group (T2DM-0, = 20). Patients in the microvascular group presented with the involvement of at least one of the following: kidney, retinal, or peripheral nerves. Using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fecal samples from the two groups were tested for , , spp, , spp, , , and . Levels of fasting and 2 h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids, and creatinine were determined to explore the correlation between gut microbiota and blood sugar. Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between gut microbiota and blood glucose. Multifactor logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for DMC.
RESULTS
The HbA1c levels in the T2DM-MC group were higher than those in the T2DM-0 group. The abundances of and spp in the T2DM-MC group were higher than that in the T2DM-0 group. The abundances of and spp in the T2DM-MC group were lower than that in the T2DM-0 group. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that , , , , and were related to the levels of HbA1c or blood glucose ( < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, body mass index, family history, HbA1c, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and creatinine, remained an independent risk factor in female patients with DMC.
CONCLUSION
Gut microbiota is related to blood glucose levels. Female patients with DMC experience gut microbiota disorders. The abundances of are related to DMC, and the abundances of intestinal flora may affect the blood sugar levels of the body.
Topics: Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Blood Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Creatinine; Bacteroides; Prevotella; Diabetic Angiopathies
PubMed: 36339086
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2980228