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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Nov 2023Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by multifactorial complex disorders triggered by environmental factors, genetic...
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides faecis and Roseburia intestinalis attenuate clinical symptoms of experimental colitis by regulating Treg/Th17 cell balance and intestinal barrier integrity.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by multifactorial complex disorders triggered by environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, and also gut microbial dysbiosis. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides faecis, and Roseburia intestinalis are underrepresented species in UC patients, leading to the hypothesis that therapeutic application of those bacteria could ameliorate clinical symptoms and disease severity. Acute colitis was induced in mice by 3.5% DSS, and the commensal bacterial species were administered by oral gavage simultaneously with DSS treatment for up to 7 days. The signs of colonic inflammation, the intestinal barrier integrity, the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), and the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were quantified. The concentrations of SCFAs in feces were measured using Gas-liquid chromatography. The gut microbiome was analyzed in all treatment groups at the endpoint of the experiment. Results were benchmarked against a contemporary mesalazine treatment regime. We show that commensal species alone and in combination reduced disease activity index scores, inhibited colon shortening, strengthened the colonic epithelial barrier, and positively modulated tight junction protein expression. The expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly reduced. Immune modulation occurred via inhibition of the loss of CD4 +CD25 +Treg cells in the spleen. Our study proofed that therapeutic application of F. prausnitzii, B. faecis, and R. intestinalis significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis at the level of clinical symptoms, histological inflammation, and immune status. Our data suggest that these positive effects are mediated by immune-modulatory pathways and influence on Treg/Th17 balance.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; Th17 Cells; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Cytokines; Bacteria; Inflammation; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 37793274
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115568 -
Yonsei Medical Journal Jan 2015We report three cases of recently named Bacteroides spp. isolates, two B. faecis isolates and one B. intestinalis isolate from clinical specimens of inpatients at a...
We report three cases of recently named Bacteroides spp. isolates, two B. faecis isolates and one B. intestinalis isolate from clinical specimens of inpatients at a Korean tertiary-care hospital in 2011. All isolates were susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, chloramphenicol, and metronidazole.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Female; Humans; Intestines; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged
PubMed: 25510777
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.1.292 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2010Two anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strains, designated MAJ27(T) and MAJ26, were isolated from human faeces. Both isolates grew...
Two anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strains, designated MAJ27(T) and MAJ26, were isolated from human faeces. Both isolates grew optimally at 37 °C, were oxidase- and catalase-negative, were sensitive to bile and produced acid from fermentation of several substrates, including glucose. A study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that both isolates were closely related to type strains of species of the genus Bacteroides. Comparisons of the isolates with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI 5482(T) and Bacteroides finegoldii JCM 13345(T) showed high levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.6-98.7 and 96.9-97.0 %, respectively), but low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (≤22 %). The DNA G+C content (42.7±1 mol%) and the major fatty acid (anteiso-C(15 : 0), 39.3-42.5 %) supported the assignment of the isolates to the genus Bacteroides. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic studies, we propose that strains MAJ27(T) and MAJ26 be classified as representing a novel species, Bacteroides faecis sp. nov. The type strain is MAJ27(T) (=KCTC 5823(T)=JCM 16478(T)).
Topics: Adult; Bacteroides; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Humans; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 20008108
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.020024-0 -
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Oct 2023The correlation between human gut microbiota and psychiatric diseases has long been recognized. Based on the heritability of the microbiome, genome-wide association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The correlation between human gut microbiota and psychiatric diseases has long been recognized. Based on the heritability of the microbiome, genome-wide association studies on human genome and gut microbiome (mbGWAS) have revealed important host-microbiome interactions. However, establishing causal relationships between specific gut microbiome features and psychological conditions remains challenging due to insufficient sample sizes of previous studies of mbGWAS.
METHODS
Cross-cohort meta-analysis (via METAL) and multi-trait analysis (via MTAG) were used to enhance the statistical power of mbGWAS for identifying genetic variants and genes. Using two large mbGWAS studies (7,738 and 5,959 participants respectively) and12 disease-specific studies from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), we performed bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analyses between microbial features and psychiatric diseases (up to 500,199 individuals). Additionally, we conducted downstream gene- and gene-set-based analyses to investigate the shared biology linking gut microbiota and psychiatric diseases.
RESULTS
METAL and MTAG conducted in mbGWAS could boost power for gene prioritization and MR analysis. Increases in the number of lead SNPs and mapped genes were witnessed in 13/15 species and 5/10 genera after using METAL, and MTAG analysis gained an increase in sample size equivalent to expanding the original samples from 7% to 63%. Following METAL use, we identified a positive association between Bacteroides faecis and ADHD (OR, 1.09; 95 %CI, 1.02-1.16; P = 0.008). Bacteroides eggerthii and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron were observed to be positively associated with PTSD (OR, 1.11; 95 %CI, 1.03-1.20; P = 0.007; OR, 1.11; 95 %CI, 1.01-1.23; P = 0.03). These findings remained stable across statistical models and sensitivity analyses. No genetic liabilities to psychiatric diseases may alter the abundance of gut microorganisms.Using biological annotation, we identified that those genes contributing to microbiomes (e.g., GRIN2A and RBFOX1) are expressed and enriched in human brain tissues.
CONCLUSIONS
Our statistical genetics strategy helps to enhance the power of mbGWAS, and our genetic findings offer new insights into biological pleiotropy and causal relationship between microbiota and psychiatric diseases.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Microbiota; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37557965
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.003 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are increasingly observed in nosocomial and community-acquired settings. Anaerobes are no exception to this rule, but there are fewer...
Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are increasingly observed in nosocomial and community-acquired settings. Anaerobes are no exception to this rule, but there are fewer reports of MDR in the scientific literature on anaerobes than there are for other bacteria. In this short case report, we describe the first case of bacteraemia caused by a multidrug-resistant , which produces a carbapenemase encoded by the gene. This bacteraemia followed a digestive surgery operation. Surprisingly, these findings did not lead to a change in antibiotic therapy, probably because the patient's clinical state had improved. Nevertheless this report calls for better knowledge of anaerobic bacteria and for a systematic antimicrobial stewardship procedure following bacteraemia.
PubMed: 33808699
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030319 -
Journal of Bacteriology Dec 2011Despite the ecological importance of the dominant gut bacteria Bacteroides, few genomes have been defined. The Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic intestinal bacterium...
Despite the ecological importance of the dominant gut bacteria Bacteroides, few genomes have been defined. The Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic intestinal bacterium Bacteroides faecis MAJ27(T) was isolated from the feces of a healthy adult. Here, the draft genome sequence of the type strain B. faecis MAJ27 (6.11 Mbp) is reported.
Topics: Bacteroides; Base Sequence; Feces; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data
PubMed: 22072652
DOI: 10.1128/JB.06210-11 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Apr 2021Four unknown strains, characterized as Gram-stain-negative, strictly anaerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped, were isolated from fresh faeces of healthy humans in PR China....
Four unknown strains, characterized as Gram-stain-negative, strictly anaerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped, were isolated from fresh faeces of healthy humans in PR China. Pairwise sequence comparisons of the 16S rRNA genes showed that these isolates were separated into two clusters. Cluster I (strains HF-5141 and HF-106) was most closely related to XB1A (98.0-98.3 % similarity) and ATCC 8483 (97.3-97.5 %), whereas cluster II (strains HF-5287 and HF-5300) exhibited a similarity range of 96.8-97.0 % to JCM 13345, 96.7-96.9 % to MAJ27 and 96.4-96.5 % to XB1A. The DNA G+C contents of type strains HF-5141 and HF-5287 were 41.5 and 42.6 mol%, respectively. These strains had anteiso-C as the major cellular fatty acid, MK-9 and MK-11 as the predominant respiratory quinones, and phosphatidylethanolamine, aminophospholipids and phospholipids as major polar lipids, which is typical for members of the genus . However, the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values, accompanied by different phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, distinguished them from their corresponding closest relatives as well as from other recognized members of the genus . Therefore, strains HF-5141 and HF-5287 represent two novel species in the genus , for which the names sp. nov. and sp. nov. are proposed, with HF-5141 (=CGMCC 1.16787=GDMCC 1.1591=JCM 33480) and HF-5287 (=CGMCC 1.16724=GDMCC 1.1590=JCM 33481) as type strains.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroides; Base Composition; China; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Feces; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 33881983
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004772 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2020Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is essential for defense of the intestinal mucosa against harmful pathogens. Previous studies have shown that , the major phylum of gut microbiota...
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is essential for defense of the intestinal mucosa against harmful pathogens. Previous studies have shown that , the major phylum of gut microbiota together with , impact IgA production. However, the relative abundances of species of responsible for IgA production were not well understood. In the present study, we identified some specific species that were associated with gut IgA induction by -based profiling of species distribution among The levels of IgA and the expression of the gene encoding activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in the large intestine lamina propria, which is crucial for class switch recombination from IgM to IgA, were increased in soluble high-fiber diet (sHFD)-fed mice. We found that was the most abundant species in both sHFD- and normal diet-fed mice. In addition, the gut IgA levels were associated with the relative abundance of group species such as , , and Conversely, the ratio of to other species was reduced in insoluble high-fiber diet fed- and no-fiber diet-fed mice. To investigate whether increases IgA production, we generated monoassociated mice and found increased gut IgA production and AID expression. Collectively, soluble dietary fiber increases the ratio of gut group, such as , and IgA production. This might improve gut immune function, thereby protecting against bowel pathogens and reducing the incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is essential for defense of the intestinal mucosa against harmful pathogens. Gut microbiota impact IgA production, but the specific species responsible for IgA production remain largely elusive. Previous studies have shown that IgA and , the major phyla of gut microbiota, were increased in soluble high-fiber diet-fed mice. We show here that the levels of IgA in the gut and the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in the large intestine lamina propria, which is crucial for class switch recombination from IgM to IgA, were correlated with the abundance of group species such as , , and monoassociated mice increased gut IgA production and AID expression. Soluble dietary fiber may improve gut immune function, thereby protecting against bowel pathogens and reducing inflammatory bowel diseases.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroides fragilis; Chaperonin 60; Dietary Fiber; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Immunoglobulin A; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mitochondrial Proteins
PubMed: 32332136
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00405-20 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2013An obligately anaerobic, non-pigmented, non-spore-forming, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain Rs-03(T), was isolated from the gut of the...
An obligately anaerobic, non-pigmented, non-spore-forming, Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain Rs-03(T), was isolated from the gut of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus. The taxonomic position of the novel strain was determined by following a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Rs-03(T) was a member of the genus Bacteroides and was most closely related to Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron JCM 5827(T) (95.0 % sequence similarity), Bacteroides faecis JCM 16478(T) (94.8 %) and Bacteroides xylanisolvens JCM 15633(T) (94.3 %). The results of hsp60 gene sequence analysis indicated that the novel strain was different from established members of the genus Bacteroides. Strain Rs-03(T) was saccharolytic and produced succinic and acetic acids, with small amounts of propionic acid, as metabolic end products. The major cellular fatty acids of strain Rs-03(T) were anteiso-C(15 : 0), C(18 : 1)ω9c and iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH. The major menaquinones were MK-10 and MK-9 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 44.9 mol%. Based on these data, strain Rs-03(T) represents a novel species in the genus Bacteroides, for which the name Bacteroides reticulotermitis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Rs-03(T) ( = JCM 10512(T) = CCUG 62153(T)).
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroides; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Gastrointestinal Tract; Isoptera; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 22544795
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.040931-0 -
Anaerobe Dec 2016Up until now, Bacteroides faecis, a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-motile, nonsporeforming rod has been principally described as a commensal microbe isolated from the...
Up until now, Bacteroides faecis, a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-motile, nonsporeforming rod has been principally described as a commensal microbe isolated from the feces of healthy adults. We report the first case of human Bacteroides faecis sepsis after removal of suspected post-colonic ischemia colonized epicardic electrodes. Electrodes and blood cultures both grew Gram-negative anaerobic rods but usual phenotypic methods and 16S rARN gene sequencing failed to ensure its species identification. B. faecis was finally identified using hsp60 gene sequencing. Because this species is not well-known and is difficult to identify, it may have been overlooked or misidentified in previous studies.
Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Chaperonin 60; Fatal Outcome; Gene Expression; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Sepsis; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 27544037
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.08.004