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Viruses Feb 2023Baculoviridae is a large family of arthropod-infective viruses. Recombinant baculoviruses have many applications, the best known is as a system for large scale protein... (Review)
Review
Baculoviridae is a large family of arthropod-infective viruses. Recombinant baculoviruses have many applications, the best known is as a system for large scale protein production in combination with insect cell cultures. More recently recombinant baculoviruses have been utilized for the display of proteins of interest with applications in medicine. In the present review we analyze the different strategies for the display of proteins and peptides on the surface of recombinant baculoviruses and provide some examples of the different proteins displayed. We analyze briefly the commercially available systems for recombinant baculovirus production and display and discuss the future of this emerging and powerful technology.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Peptides; Arthropods; Cell Culture Techniques
PubMed: 36851625
DOI: 10.3390/v15020411 -
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology Mar 2022Nudiviruses (Nudiviridae) are double-stranded DNA viruses with enveloped and rod-shaped virions. Several insect orders (e.g., Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera,... (Review)
Review
Nudiviruses (Nudiviridae) are double-stranded DNA viruses with enveloped and rod-shaped virions. Several insect orders (e.g., Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera) and aquatic crustaceans are susceptible to nudivirus infections, which can result in varied degrees of disease in all developmental host stages. Their pathogenicity endangers insect rearing and crustacean aquacultures, but has also proven effective in biocontrol against Oryctes rhinoceros infestations. This literature review aims to present all known nudivirus species and provide a comprehensive Nudiviridae phylogeny by including recently described nudiviral isolates, and discuss this phylogeny in comparison to current opinions and taxonomical propositions. Moreover, we aim to clarify biological, pathological and genomic differences or similarities between nudiviruses and related entomopathogenic viruses, including baculoviruses (Baculoviridae) and bracoviruses (Polydnaviridae). A phylogenetic analysis using 17 concatenated nudivirus core genes resulted in the expected structure with the genera Alphanudivirus and Betanudivirus, as well as the most recently recognized genera Gammanudivirus and Deltanudivirus. The hymenopteran Osmia cornuta nudivirus (OcNV) groups closest with the hymenopteran Fopius arisanus endogenous nudivirus (FaENV) and does not share a most common ancestor with the hymenopteran bracoviruses. Except for one node, all clades are highly supported. The proposition of a recent study to assign subgroups to the alphanudiviruses might be legitimate, but more hymenopteran and orthopteran nudiviruses, especially in bees and cricket, need to be identified to resolve this proposal. In addition, freshwater and marine nudiviruses might form taxonomic subgroups among gammanudiviruses as well, but more aquatic nudiviruses need to be identified and sequenced for better resolution. Furthermore, the search for nudiviruses in insects with (semi)aquatic life stages may aid in finding the missing link that led to the manifestation of aquatic nudiviruses.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Coleoptera; Genome, Viral; Insecta; Nudiviridae; Phylogeny; Polydnaviridae
PubMed: 35077776
DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107718 -
Bioengineered 2013The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a powerful tool for the expression of eukaryotic proteins. Therapeutics, especially in the field of vaccinology, are... (Review)
Review
The baculovirus/insect cell system has proven to be a powerful tool for the expression of eukaryotic proteins. Therapeutics, especially in the field of vaccinology, are often composed of several different protein subunits. Conventional baculoviral expression schemes largely lack efficient strategies for simultaneous multi-gene expression. The MultiBac technology which is based on an engineered genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in combination with specially designed transfer vectors is an elegant way for flexible generation of multi-subunit proteins in insect cells. Yet, the glycosylation pattern of insect cell-derived products is not favorable for many applications. Therefore, a modified version of MultiBac, SweetBac, was generated allowing for a flexible glycosylation of target proteins in insect cells. Beyond the SweetBac technology MultiBac can further be designed for bridging the gap between cell engineering and transient modulation of host genes for improved and product tailored expression of recombinant proteins.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Bioengineering; Genetic Vectors; Glycosylation; Insecta; Proteins
PubMed: 23018636
DOI: 10.4161/bioe.22327 -
Nature Communications Nov 2023Baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) has been widely used as a bioinsecticide and a protein expression vector. Despite their...
Baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) has been widely used as a bioinsecticide and a protein expression vector. Despite their importance, very little is known about the structure of most baculovirus proteins. Here, we show a 3.2 Å resolution structure of helical cylindrical body of the AcMNPV nucleocapsid, composed of VP39, as well as 4.3 Å resolution structures of both the head and the base of the nucleocapsid composed of over 100 protein subunits. AcMNPV VP39 demonstrates some features of the HK97-like fold and utilizes disulfide-bonds and a set of interactions at its C-termini to mediate nucleocapsid assembly and stability. At both ends of the nucleocapsid, the VP39 cylinder is constricted by an outer shell ring composed of proteins AC104, AC142 and AC109. AC101(BV/ODV-C42) and AC144(ODV-EC27) form a C14 symmetric inner layer at both capsid head and base. In the base, these proteins interact with a 7-fold symmetric capsid plug, while a portal-like structure is seen in the central portion of head. Additionally, we propose an application of AlphaFold2 for model building in intermediate resolution density.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Cryoelectron Microscopy; Spodoptera; Nucleocapsid; Capsid Proteins
PubMed: 37980340
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43284-1 -
Viruses Nov 2013Baculovirus-insect cell technologies are applied in the production of complex proteins, veterinary and human vaccines, gene delivery vectors' and biopesticides. Better... (Review)
Review
Baculovirus-insect cell technologies are applied in the production of complex proteins, veterinary and human vaccines, gene delivery vectors' and biopesticides. Better understanding of how baculoviruses and insect cells interact would facilitate baculovirus-based production. While complete genomic sequences are available for over 58 baculovirus species, little insect genomic information is known. The release of the Bombyx mori and Plutella xylostella genomes, the accumulation of EST sequences for several Lepidopteran species, and especially the availability of two genome-scale analysis tools, namely oligonucleotide microarrays and next generation sequencing (NGS), have facilitated expression studies to generate a rich picture of insect gene responses to baculovirus infections. This review presents current knowledge on the interaction dynamics of the baculovirus-insect system' which is relatively well studied in relation to nucleocapsid transportation, apoptosis, and heat shock responses, but is still poorly understood regarding responses involved in pro-survival pathways, DNA damage pathways, protein degradation, translation, signaling pathways, RNAi pathways, and importantly metabolic pathways for energy, nucleotide and amino acid production. We discuss how the two genome-scale transcriptomic tools can be applied for studying such pathways and suggest that proteomics and metabolomics can produce complementary findings to transcriptomic studies.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Genome, Insect; Genome, Viral; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Insecta
PubMed: 24226166
DOI: 10.3390/v5112721 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2023Salamanders have served as an excellent model for developmental and tissue regeneration studies. While transgenic approaches are available for various salamander...
Salamanders have served as an excellent model for developmental and tissue regeneration studies. While transgenic approaches are available for various salamander species, their long generation time and expensive maintenance have driven the development of alternative gene delivery methods for functional studies. We have previously developed pseudotyped baculovirus (BV) as a tool for gene delivery in the axolotl (Oliveira et al. Dev Biol 433(2):262-275, 2018). Since its initial conception, we have refined our protocol of BV production and usage in salamander models. In this chapter, we describe a detailed and versatile protocol for BV-mediated transduction in urodeles.
Topics: Animals; Ambystoma mexicanum; Baculoviridae; Animals, Genetically Modified; Urodela
PubMed: 36272088
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2659-7_24 -
Journal of Virology Jun 2002
Review
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Orthomyxoviridae; Retroviridae; Viral Fusion Proteins
PubMed: 11991958
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.11.5301-5304.2002 -
Virologica Sinica Apr 2012As a protein expression vector, the baculovirus demonstrates many advantages over other vectors. With the development of biotechnology, baculoviral vectors have been... (Review)
Review
As a protein expression vector, the baculovirus demonstrates many advantages over other vectors. With the development of biotechnology, baculoviral vectors have been genetically modified to facilitate high level expression of heterologous proteins in both insect and mammalian cells. These modifications include utilization of different promoters and signal peptides, deletion or replacement of viral genes for increasing protein secretion, integration of polycistronic expression cassette for producing protein complexes, and baculovirus pseudotyping, promoter accommodation or surface display for enhancing mammalian cell targeting gene delivery. This review summarizes the development and the current state of art of the baculovirus expression system. Further development of baculovirus expression systems will make them even more feasible and accessible for advanced applications.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Gene Expression; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Vectors; Humans
PubMed: 22491998
DOI: 10.1007/s12250-012-3236-y -
Viruses Feb 2023We aimed to assess the potential of baculoviral vectors (BV) for brain cancer gene therapy. We compared them with adenoviral vectors (AdV), which are used in...
We aimed to assess the potential of baculoviral vectors (BV) for brain cancer gene therapy. We compared them with adenoviral vectors (AdV), which are used in neuro-oncology, but for which there is pre-existing immunity. We constructed BVs and AdVs encoding fluorescent reporter proteins and evaluated their transduction efficiency in glioma cells and astrocytes. Naïve and glioma-bearing mice were intracranially injected with BVs to assess transduction and neuropathology. Transgene expression was also assessed in the brain of BV-preimmunized mice. While the expression of BVs was weaker than AdVs in murine and human glioma cell lines, BV-mediated transgene expression in patient-derived glioma cells was similar to AdV-mediated transduction and showed strong correlation with clathrin expression, a protein that interacts with the baculovirus glycoprotein GP64, mediating BV endocytosis. BVs efficiently transduced normal and neoplastic astrocytes in vivo, without apparent neurotoxicity. BV-mediated transgene expression was stable for at least 21 days in the brain of naïve mice, but it was significantly reduced after 7 days in mice systemically preimmunized with BVs. Our findings indicate that BVs efficiently transduce glioma cells and astrocytes without apparent neurotoxicity. Since humans do not present pre-existing immunity against BVs, these vectors may constitute a valuable tool for the delivery of therapeutic genes into the brain.
Topics: Genetic Therapy; Baculoviridae; Genetic Vectors; Brain Neoplasms; Glioma; Animals; Mice; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Rats; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Male; Transduction, Genetic; Astrocytes; Transgenes
PubMed: 36992317
DOI: 10.3390/v15030608 -
Viruses Sep 2018Based on its ability to express high levels of protein, baculovirus has been widely used for recombinant protein production in insect cells for more than thirty years... (Review)
Review
Based on its ability to express high levels of protein, baculovirus has been widely used for recombinant protein production in insect cells for more than thirty years with continued technical improvements. In addition, baculovirus has been successfully applied for foreign gene delivery into mammalian cells without any viral replication. However, several CpG motifs are present throughout baculoviral DNA and induce an antiviral response in mammalian cells, resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon through a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent or -independent signaling pathway, and ultimately limiting the efficiency of transgene expression. On the other hand, by taking advantage of this strong adjuvant activity, recombinant baculoviruses encoding neutralization epitopes can elicit protective immunity in mice. Moreover, immunodeficient cells, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV)- or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells, are more susceptible to baculovirus infection than normal cells and are selectively eliminated by the apoptosis-inducible recombinant baculovirus. Here, we summarize the application of baculovirus as a gene expression vector and the mechanism of the host innate immune response induced by baculovirus in mammalian cells. We also discuss the future prospects of baculovirus vectors.
Topics: Animals; Baculoviridae; Gene Expression; Gene Transfer Techniques; Genetic Engineering; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Genome, Viral; Humans; Immunity; Transduction, Genetic; Transgenes
PubMed: 30235841
DOI: 10.3390/v10090510